Divorce Potential Research Articles

MENELISIK FENOMENA PERCERAIAN PADA AKTOR PERNIKAHAN DINI DALAM PERSPEKTIF STRUKTURAL FUNGSIONAL

Early marriage is generally carried out by young couples who are not mentally and physically ready to build a quality household. The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the phenomenon of divorce in early marriage cases based on functional structural theory. The method used in this research is a literature study, which is the process of selecting, reading, recording and collecting references that are relevant to the topic of study as a data source. The results of the study state that until now, divorce has become one of the crucial problems considering the negative impact caused after divorce is very complex, especially in cases of divorce that occur in actors who previously underwent young marriages. Functional structural theory views that divorce occurs because of an imbalance in the family. In addition, early marriage has a higher potential for divorce due to the lack of individual readiness, so that instability in the family occurs more often, in this case early marriage is prone to divorce. Therefore, to realize a harmonious marriage based on a functional structural perspective, it is necessary to balance the system to achieve this goal.

Partner supportive dyadic coping and relationship stability among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

Studies involving parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have reported negative relationship outcomes for some couples and positive for others, indicating the need to determine the moderators of the link between stress and divorce. This study aims to examine the moderating effect of partner supportive dyadic coping, i.e., interpersonal coping that involves providing comfort, empathy, or practical advice to one’s partner, on the association between parental stress and relationship stability among parents of children with ASD. The study was conducted on a sample of parents (N=89) who met the criteria of being in a relationship and parenting at least one child diagnosed with ASD. The questionnaire included the Parental Stress Scale, a subscale of the Dyadic Coping Inventory, an item assessing the potential for divorce, and sociodemographic variables. The logistic regression analysis model explained a substantial amount of the variance of relationship stability. Higher probability of having a stable relationship was associated with lower levels of parental stress and higher levels of supportive dyadic coping. Additionally, supportive dyadic coping buffered the negative effect of parental stress: the effect of stress on relationship stability was evident only among participants whose partners showed low supportive dyadic coping. The results indicate that a relationship does not necessarily end in divorce when a couple experiences stressful circumstances, such as raising a child with ASD. The key factor could be supportive dyadic coping that prevents negative effects of stress on relationship maintenance. Support services should aim to enhance supportive dyadic coping skills among parents, and advocate for the fact that both stress and coping are joint processes of partners in a relationship.

ПОЛНИ АСПЕКТ СТРАТЕГИЈА СУОЧАВАЊА СА СТРЕСОМ И ЊИХОВЕ ПОВЕЗАНОСТИ СА ПОТЕНЦИЈАЛОМ ЗА РАЗВОД

The study was conducted in order to determine the relationship between the coping strategies and divorce potential in couples. Based on the Levinger’s Model of cohesiveness and Bodennman’s stress-model, the existence of gender differences in coping with stress was expected, and that the non-adaptive coping skills were to be positive about the potential for divorce, while the adaptive strategies of coping with stress should be linked with a lower potential for divorce. 378 couples have participated in this study. The instruments used were the Brief COPE Scale (Carver, 1997) and a short form of the Martial Instability Index (Booth, Johnson & Edwards, 1983; retrieved from Tadinac et al., 2005). The results showed that the woman in dealing with stressful situations use self-destruction, denial of problems and venting, and also search for emotional and instrumental support. On the other hand, in dealing with stressful situations, males abuse substances. Using logistic regression it was showed that within both males and females there are significant differences between the coping strategies and divorce potential. Looking at the results more precisely, the males who deny the problem, use emotional support, rarely use venting, accept problems and rarely self-blame themselves have greater divorce potential. On the other hand, women who more frequently use emotional support and venting have greater divorce potential. The results are in line with the basic theoretical assumptions of this study.

KVALITET I STABILNOST BRAČNOG ODNOSA U RAZLIČITIM FAZAMA BRAKA

Brojna istraživanja, iz drugih zemalja, ukazuju da prelaz iz bračnog razdoblja bez dece u bračno razdoblje kada supružnici dobijaju decu, nužno menja i otežava bračne odnose. Takođe je utvrđeno da majčinstvo znatno više deluje na život žene, nego što očinstvo deluje na život muškarca. Istraživanja pokazuju da dolazi do promena i u narednim fazama braka, ali su nalazi za celokupni bračni tok nekonzistentni – od ustanovljenih promena u kvalitetu bračnog odnosa u obliku slova U, do nalaza da kvalitet bračnog odnosa ima stalnu tendenciju pada. Imajući u vidu kulturno-istorijske specifičnosti našeg podneblja, cilj istraživanja prikazanog ovim radom je bio da utvrdi postoje li značajne razlike u kvalitetu i stabilnosti bračnog odnosa između grupa žena koje se nalaze u različitim fazama braka, i, ukoliko postoje, kakve su strukture tih razlika u odnosu na bračna razdoblja. Utvrđeno je da se grupe žena koje pripadaju različitim bračnim razdobljima međusobno značajno razlikuju, i to tako da žene u svakoj narednoj bračnoj fazi percipiraju svoj bračni odnos manje kvalitetnim, a istovremeno stabilnijim. Rezultati ovog transferzalnog istraživanja govore u prilog pretpostavkama da prelazak na roditeljstvo značajno povećava stabilnost braka, a da kvalitet, i posebno zadovoljstvo brakom, konstantno opada kako se prelazi iz jednog bračnog razdoblja u drugo, od početka do kraja bračnog kontinuuma. Ove pretpostavke svakako treba proveriti longitudinalnim istraživanjem u našoj sredini. Međutim, ne sme se gubiti iz vida da, bez obzira što postoje statistički značajne međugrupne razlike, između žena koje se nalaze u istom bračnom razdoblju postoje i velika individualna odstupanja, te samo na osnovu bračnih razdoblja nije moguće vršiti pouzdane individualne predikcije.

POVEZANOST PSIHOLOŠKIH KARAKTERISTIKA BRAKA SA NAMEROM ŽENA DA TRAŽE PROFESIONALNU PSIHOLOŠKU POMOĆ

U cilju utvrđivanja u kojoj meri percepcija različitih aspekata kvaliteta bračnog odnosa i bračna nestabilnost, odnosno, potencijal za razvod braka, doprinose nameri žena da traže profesionalnu psihološku pomoć, ispitano je 777 žena koje žive u formalnom ili neformalnom braku. Kvalitet bračnog odnosa je meren Skalom prilagođenosti u bračnom odnosu (Dyadic Adjustment Scale – DAS: Spanier, 1976, 1989), a bračna nestabilnost je merena pokazateljima potencijala za razvod braka (Booth, Johnson & Edwards, 1983). Namera da se traži profesionalna psihološka pomoć je ispitana instrumentom (Šakotić-Kurbalija, 2011) koji obuhvata iskustva iz prošlosti, sadašnjosti i nameru da se profesionalna psihološka pomoć traži u budućnosti, kao i razloge zbog kojih ispitanik ima ili nema nameru da traži profesionalnu psihološku pomoć. Primenom višestruke regresione analize, utvrđeno je da skup analiziranih prediktorskih varijabli statistički jeste značajno povezan sa namerom da se traži profesionalna psihološka pomoć, ali je ta povezanost vrlo niska R=0,23 (F(5,771)=8,28; p<0,000), dok je korigovani R2=0,045; te se značajnijim čini nalaz da na spremnost žena da potraže profesionalnu psihološku pomoć u znatno većoj meri deluju neki drugi faktori. Na osnovu prikupljenih kvalitativnih podataka (pitanjem o razlozima zbog kojih ispitanica ima ili nema nameru da traži profesionalnu psihološku pomoć), pretpostavlja se da značajnu ulogu u nameri žena da traže profesionalnu psihološku pomoć imaju njihovi stavovi prema traženju profesionalne psihološke pomoći, odnosno njihove predrasude po ovom pitanju. Pošto su rana i adekvatna profesionalna psihološka pomoć osnovni protektivni faktori mentalnog zdravlja, kao implikacija za rad na prevenciji razvoja težih oblika bračne disfunkcionalnosti sledi da je od velikog značaja promovisanje rada institiucija i stručnjaka iz oblasti mentalnog zdravlja.

The pre-engagement cohabitation effect: A replication and extension of previous findings.

Using a random telephone survey of men and women married within the past 10 years (N = 1,050), the current study replicated previous findings regarding the timing of engagement and the premarital cohabitation effect (see Kline et al., 2004). Those who cohabited before engagement (43.1%) reported lower marital satisfaction, dedication, and confidence as well as more negative communication and greater potential for divorce than those who cohabited only after engagement (16.4%) or not at all until marriage (40.5%). These differences were generally small, but could not be accounted for by length of marriage or by variables often associated with selection into cohabitation (i.e., age, income, education, and religiousness). Similar results were found in a subsample of individuals who cohabited only with the current spouse. There were no significant differences between those who cohabited after engagement and not at all before marriage, supporting a pre-engagement, but not a premarital cohabitation effect.

The Oral History Rating Scale–Revised: Preliminary Evaluation of a Clinician-Rated Measure of Divorce Potential

ABSTRACT This study was a preliminary psychometric investigation of the Oral History Rating Scale–Revised (OHRS–R), a therapist-rated measure of married couples' divorce potential based a 90-min oral history interview. Findings suggest the OHRS–R shows promise as a clinical tool. Therapist and observing raters' total OHRS–R scores demonstrated high interrater reliability and discriminated from client reports of psychological functioning (Outcome Questionnaire-45.2) and marital satisfaction (Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale). Therapist OHRS–R ratings showed evidence of construct validity. Convergence between therapist OHRS–R ratings and a client-reported measure of divorce risk (Marital Status Inventory) was relatively low. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm predictive validity.

“The Worms Are Weak”

Male infertility is a major global reproductive health problem, contributing to more than half of all cases of infertility worldwide. Yet women typically bear the social burden of childlessness when their husbands are infertile. This article explores the four major patriarchal paradoxes surrounding male infertility in the Muslim Middle Eastern country of Egypt. There, women in childless marriages typically experience procreative blame, even when male infertility (glossed as “weak worms”) is socially acknowledged. In addition, Egyptian women married to infertile men experience diminished gender identity and threats of male-initiated divorce. Ironically, the introduction of new reproductive technologies to overcome male infertility has only served to increase this divorce potential. Although male infertility also presents a crisis of masculinity for Egyptian men, this crisis often redounds in multiple ways on the lives of women, who ultimately pay the price for male infertility under conditions of Middle Eastern patriarchy.

Communication, conflict, and commitment: insights on the foundations of relationship success from a national survey.

The key relationship dynamics of communication, conflict, and commitment were investigated using data from a randomly sampled, nationwide phone survey of adults in married, engaged, and cohabiting relationships. Findings on communication and conflict generally replicated those of studies using more indepth or objective measurement strategies. Negative interaction between partners was negatively associated with numerous measures of relationship quality and positively correlated with divorce potential (thinking or talking about divorce). Withdrawal during conflict by either or both partners, though quite common, was associated with more negativity and less positive connection in relationships. The most frequently reported issue that couples argue about in first marriages was money, and in re-marriages it was conflict about children. Overall, how couples argue was more related to divorce potential than was what they argue about, although couples who argue most about money tended to have higher levels of negative communication and conflict than other couples. Further, while the male divorce potential was more strongly linked to levels of negative interaction, the female was more strongly linked to lower positive connection in the relationship. Consistent with the commitment literature, higher reported commitment was associated with less alternative monitoring, less feeling trapped in the relationship, and greater relationship satisfaction.

Cascading toward divorce: the roles of marital and child factors.

This longitudinal study examined the role of marital and child factors in predicting divorce potential and actual divorce occurrence. Participants included 140 young adolescents (73 girls, 67 boys; mean age = 13 years 2 months) and their parents. Child-related (number of children in the family, the presence of a male child in the family, and the adolescent's level of anxiety-withdrawal and conduct disorder problems) and intramarital (marital satisfaction and, for some analyses, divorce potential) factors served as predictors. For both wife and husband data, lower levels of marital satisfaction predicted higher current levels of divorce potential, and, in turn, divorce potential predicted greater likelihood for divorce up to 7 years later. No child-related variables predicted divorce potential or divorce occurrence.

Marital Satisfaction Prior to Couples Therapy

SUMMARY The author predicted that couples would begin therapy with a high potential for separation or divorce and with one partner significantly more dissatisfied than the other. Using the Index of Marital Satisfaction (Hudson, 1982), 24 couples were studied using a practitioner-researcher model. Although the first hypothesis was not confirmed at the level of prediction, partners were found to be at a level of dissatisfaction close to the predicted levels. A highly significant statistical difference (p = .0001) was observed between the satisfaction levels of the partners in the couples. Based upon the research findings, some clinical wisdom was revised and other beliefs were confirmed.

Occupational stress: Coping of police and their spouses

AbstractOne hundred seventy‐seven police officers and their spouses from two metropolitan areas completed separate questionnaires regarding stress and coping. Both the police and spouses reported using four coping activities in response to their own stressors: problem focused, emotion focused, religiosity, and rugged individualism. Three potential police strains previously noted in non‐empirical literature were given special attention; divorce potential, drinking behavior, and suicide thoughts.

The Employed Black: The Dynamics of Work-Family Tension

The interrelationship of job stressors, job strain, and marital strain among black police officers is examined using a “Work-Family Tension Model.” Perceived job stressors, such as differential treatment based on racial status, tended to affect job strain. Furthermore, job stressors (direct/indirect) and job strain tended to influence the level of marital interaction and potential for separation and divorce. The implications these findings have for work organizations are discussed.

Divorce potential and marital stability of adult women sexually abused as children compared to adult women not sexually abused as children.

This study was conducted to determine if significant differences exist between women in marital therapy who had been sexually abused as children and women in marital therapy who had not been sexually abused as children on the parameters of marital satisfaction and divorce potential. The null hypothesis was tested. No differences were found between the two groups. Both groups of women and their husbands experienced moderate marital dissatisfaction. Divorce potential for both groups and their husbands was low. The sexually abused women had significantly higher psychoticism scores on the SCL-90R than the nonabused women, generally representing moderately withdrawn, isolated lifestyle patterns.

Divorce/Divorce Potential and Interparental Conflict: The Relationship to Early Adolescent Social and Cognitive Functioning

In the present study early adolescent social and cognitive performance was examined as a function of interparental conflict, divorce potential, and divorce. Fifty-six 11-15 year old adolescents served as subjects. Mothers completed measures of interparental conflict and, for those who were married, divorce potential. Adolescents and their social study teachers completed measures of social and cognitive functioning. Each adolescent's grade point average was also calculated. A series of 2x3 analyses of covariance with two between-subject factors (conflict: low and high; marital status/divorce potential: married with low divorce potential, married with high divorce potential, and divorced) revealed no significant effects on adolescent-completed measures. Teacher-completed measures and grade point average, however, indicated that the adolescents in the Divorced/High Conflict group were functioning less well than those in the other groups. Divorce potential did not significantly impact adolescent functioning. The results were discussed in terms of adolescents' perceptions of their functioning and in terms of divorce and interparental conflict serving as stressors.

PREDICTING DIVORCE AT MARITAL THERAPY INTAKE: WIVES' DISTRESS AND THE MARITAL STATUS INVENTORY*

The Marital Status Inventory (MSI), a measure of divorce potential was given to couples in six independent samples. Scores from the five clinical sites and one marital enrichment sample (N = 241 couples) were used to provide adequate reliability, discriminant validity and predictive validity data. Compound probability for the five clinical sites supports the contention that, overall, wives' are more distressed than their husbands. The MSI was also able to identify couples who later divorced. However, the Guttman properties of the MSI, previously identified, were not replicated. Clinical implications of the higher wives' scores for prediction of divorce and marital therapy are discussed.

POVEZANOST POTENCIJALA ZA RAZVOD I PSIHOFIZIČKOG ZDRAVLJA ŽENA

U cilju utvrđivanja povezanosti psihofizičkog zdravlja žena sa njihovim potencijalom za razvod, odnosno, sa njihovim razmatranjem razvoda, prikupljeni su podaci na uzorku od 1338 žena, starosti od 21 do 76 godina (AS = 40.07, SD = 9.10), koje su u bračnoj zajednici od jedne do 50 godina (AS = 15.52, SD = 8.85). Potencijal za razvod je meren skraćenom formom Indeksa bračne nestabilnosti (Martial Instability Index: Booth, Johnson & Edwards, 1983), dok je Skala psihofizičkog zdravlja (SPFZ-1: Majstorović, 2011) korišćena za procenu, kako opšteg psihofizičkog zdravlja, tako i njegovih različitih aspekata: poremećaja fizičkog zdravlja, straha i anksioznosti, depresivnih reakcija, umora, i poremećaja socijalnog ponašanja. Rezultati jednofaktorske multivarijantne analize kovarijanse (MANCOVA), pokazuju da su glavni efekti faktora stabilnost/nestabilnost bračnog odnosa, nakon statističkog uklanjanja uticaja roditeljstva, značajni na multivarijantnom nivou, pri čemu ispitanice koje svoj brak procenjuju kao stabilan ostvaruju više skorove na svim dimenzijama psihofizičkog zdravlja u odnosu na ispitanice koje svoj brak procenjuju kao nestabilan. Dobijeni rezultati sugerišu da je, pored razvoda braka, na šta ukazuju brojna dosadašnja istraživanja, i sama bračna nestabilnost značajno povezana sa različitim psihofizičkim simptomima.