Divorce Culture Research Articles

Critical discourse study of youth texts in Sasak Language

The conversation is often used as a medium to transfer the ideology of the speakers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to: describe the representation of the role of Sasak men or women in vocabulary choices, in carrying out interactional control, in syntactic structures, and the use of metaphors in Sasak conversation. The theory used is the critical discourse theory model of Norman Fairclough and is complemented by Teun A. Van Dijk's theory. The collection was carried out using the listening and speaking method (interviews) as well as basic techniques and their derivatives, observation methods, and documentation methods. Sources of data were obtained from young Sasak youths and women who were communicating. The collected data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method which aims to make a systematic description, categorization, and patterning. Data is presented formally and informally. In the end, this research resulted in the reality of the motives or ideology of the communicator's attitude that sided with the role of Sasak men or women in a gender perspective, which often led to physical-psychological intersections, such as; sexual harassment, domestic violence, and even in the culture of divorce and marriage.

Культурная трансформация развода в доисламском и исламском Иране

Целью исследования является сравнительный анализ культурных диахронных изменений института развода в конкретные исторические эпохи развития иранского общества. Материалами послужили исторические источники, работы иранских культурологов, философов, историков и социологов. Исследовано влияние зороастризма на практику разводов в древнем Иране. Рассмотрены изменения в культуре развода, произошедшие с принятием ислама. Определено, что культурную трансформацию развода, наряду с религиозной догматикой, определяли распространение арабской и тюркской культур, а также западной культуры. Парадигмы шиитской религии и дискурс революции влияли на культуру иранской семьи и институт развода после 1979 г. Сделан вывод, что отношение различных поколений иранцев к разводу всегда было негативным, но в разные исторические периоды имело свою специфику. Иранская семья до конца не утратила своих традиций, что не позволяет расценивать процессы трансформации развода как детрадиционализацию. The aim of this article is a comparative analysis of cultural diachronic changes in the phenomenon of divorce in specific historical periods of the development of Iranian society. The study employs historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods, and the method of empirical observations. The materials are historical sources, works of Iranian cultural scientists, philosophers, historians, and sociologists. The culture of divorce in ancient Iran is investigated, the rarity of this phenomenon in the Achaemenid era is noted, its causes are indicated, and the social reaction to incest and polygamy is revealed. The influence of Zoroastrianism on the practice of marriage and divorce in the Sassanid Empire is studied. In this era, consanguine marriages (xwedodah) and chakar zani (divorce of a woman from a man with the subsequent adoption by him of children born by a woman in the next marriage), as well as the prevalence of polygamy in aristocratic circles, are noted. The changes in the culture of divorce that took place in Iran with the adoption of Islam (650) are considered, the established mechanism of Islamic divorce is described. The peculiarities of divorce are noted during the seizure of Iran by the Turks, the rise to power of the Khorezmshahs, the Mongol conquest, and the rule of the Timurids. Various aspects of divorce in the Safavid era are analyzed, the significance of mahr (the remuneration that a wife received upon marriage) for financial support of a woman in case of divorce is determined. An increase in the number of divorces during the reign of the Afsharids and their decrease in the era of the Qajars, who were adherents of Islamic fundamentalism, are noted. The influence on marriage and divorce of the modernization processes that took place during the reign of the Pahlavi dynasty is considered. It has been found that as these processes deepened, the number of divorces increased. The procedures for divorce and the possible consequences of divorce for a woman at that time are described. The cultural changes that affected the institution of divorce after the Islamic revolution are examined. It is determined that the attitude of society towards divorce has been progressively changing from rejection and condemnation to a widespread “divorce by mutual consent” in recent years. It is concluded that the attitude of different generations of Iranians to divorce has always been negative, but in different historical periods this attitude had its own specifics. At the same time, the Iranian family has not completely lost its traditions, which does not allow regarding the processes of transformation of divorce as detraditionalization.

Wspólne wychowanie po rozwodzie jako wyzwanie współczesności

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie znaczenia współpracy między rodzicami po rozwodzie i ich wspólnego zaangażowania w wychowanie dzieci jako istotnego wyzwania społecznego mającego na celu minimalizowanie szkód powodowanych przez rozwód.
 PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Prezentowany problem badawczy odnosi się do odpowiedzi na pytania: Jakie wyzwania wynikają z kulturowych przemian związanych z rozpowszechnieniem się rozwodów? Jakie konsekwencje niesie dla rozwoju dzieci rozwód rodziców? Jaki model opieki nad dzieckiem po rozwodzie daje większe możliwości ochrony przed jego negatywnymi skutkami rozwojowymi? Poszukując odpowiedzi na te pytania, zastosowano metodę analizy literatury przedmiotu.
 PROCES WYWODU: Odwołując się do badań pokazujących konsekwencje rozwodu rodziców dla dobrostanu dzieci oraz wskazując czynniki chroniące, zwrócono szczególną uwagę na kwestię jakości porozumiewania się i współpracy między rodzicami. Przedstawiono praktyczne rozwiązania podkreślające konieczność zachowania po rozwodzie wspólnej odpowiedzialności za dziecko oraz utrzymania więzi z obojgiem rodziców.
 WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Wnioski płynące z badań dotyczących opieki współdzielonej wskazują, iż ten model opieki nad dzieckiem po rozwodzie przyczynia się do lepszej komunikacji z ojcem, lepszego przystosowania, niższych wskaźników związanych z negatywnymi emocjami i zachowaniami dzieci w wieku szkolnym i w okresie dorastania.
 WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Ze względu na coraz większe rozpowszechnienie fenomenu „kultury rozwodu” istnieje pilna potrzeba poszerzenia dyskursu na temat opieki nad dzieckiem po rozstaniu. W tym kontekście wyraźnie obserwowana jest zmiana polegająca na przechodzeniu od skupiania się na zachowaniu praw rodzica do dziecka do dbania o jego dobro i podkreślania znaczenia jego relacji z obojgiem rodziców. Wyrazem tej tendencji jest wzrastająca popularność modelu opieki współdzielonej, skłaniająca do pogłębionej refleksji nad jego konsekwencjami.

Fidelidad y amor conyugal a la luz de la Constitución Gaudium et Spes

This article presents a current view on fidelity and conjugal love in the light of the fifth chapter of Gaudium et spes, «Fostering the nobility of marriage and the family». It is a document published over fifty years ago, whose cultural context was thus marked by Paul VI’s encyclical Humanae vitae as well as by the so-called sexual revolution. This article analyzes the consequences of this revolution and the ruptures that it caused in naturally united and associated areas. Their philosophical and cultural roots are also analyzed. Fidelity is a preserved and augmented freedom. However, it is difficult to practice fidelity in a society where an affective-sentimental conception of love and happiness predominates and where the culture of divorce impregnates the people’s mentality. It is certain that marriage is an effect of love, but it is truer still that love is a fruit of marriage. Fidelity is the only thing that goes beyond time and allows love to grow and achieve its fullness.

Wharton's Wild West: Undine Spragg and Dakota Divorce Culture

Wharton's Wild West: Undine Spragg and Dakota Divorce Culture

Wharton's Wild West: Undine Spragg and Dakota Divorce Culture

Wharton's Wild West: Undine Spragg and Dakota Divorce Culture

Divorce; Albanian reality

The phenomenon of divorce every day and more is becoming worrisome for Albanian society. Before 90s divorce was taboo. The number of divorced couples was very low and one of the reasons was the mentality, and prejudice build up from the monopoly political system. On the 90s the political system has changed and we had the phenomenon of the opening of the society and the immigration. Alongside this phenomenon every year it is noticed that the number of divorced couples is been increasing. This phenomenon is documented on the annual statistics provided by courts in the country. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the immigration and the opening of the society in to the increasing of the phenomenon of divorce. What kind of background have the couples that had a divorce and how many of these couples have had at least one of the partners in immigration? How much is the impact of the distance between partners in their relationship? What is the level of the presence of the divorce's culture in Albanian reality and what is the impact, influence of the country's culture that Albanian have been immigrated? The improvement of social and economic politics from the government affects the increasing of new jobs, this can make the immigration's phenomenon to be curbed and therefore curbing divorce's phenomenon due to immigration. The study carried out by virtue of representative model. The sample non casual: partners returned from immigration have made the request for divorce. Thematic analysis of data. Conclusions drawn in an interpretative approach.The study will be based on the official data of the courts and data provided by NGOs that have been dealing with divorce.

Förändrade intimitetsformer bland äldre i det senmoderna samhället

Changing forms of intimacy among older people in late modern societyThe purpose of this paper is to draw attention to a neglected reality in Swedish social research: New romantic relationships in later life. Our theoretical points of departure are the transformation of intimacy and the transition from a culture of marriage to a culture of divorce. We ask if the transformation of intimacy has reached later life and investigate late life divorce, attitudes to and choice of union form in late life heterosexual relationships, relationship history and the importance of a relationship for life satisfaction. The results, which are based both on demographic data and a survey to 60–90 year old Swedes (n=1225), show that changing relationship patterns in late modern Sweden have reached older people. In romantic relationships initiated in later life LAT is the preferred union form, followed by cohabitation, while marriage is a rare choice. In some respects this makes older people an avant-garde in the investigation of alternative union forms. The results also show the importance of romantic relationships for life satisfaction in later life – independent of union form. Finally we criticize Swedish census data, which is based on civil status, for giving a somewhat distorted image of older people’s family and romantic lives.

The divorce revolution and generalized trust: Evidence from the United States 1973–2010

This paper examines the effect of exposure to a culture of easier divorce as a minor on generalized trust using the General Social Survey from 1973 to 2010. The easier divorce culture is defined as the introduction of no-fault including unilateral divorce reforms across the US. According to the results, the divorce revolution seems to have had some effect on trust levels across the US. While there are no discernible effects for the whole sample of men, there are statistically significant effects for women with an additional year of exposure being associated with a 4 percentage point lower generalized trust in the states with easy divorce culture compared to states with fault based divorce culture. An analysis by sub-group of women indicates that married and divorced/separated women have significantly lower levels of trust associated with exposure to easy divorce culture as a child. The findings are in agreement with the predictions of previous literature regarding no-fault divorce reforms reducing the security offered by marriage, in particular for women.

The Divorce Revolution and Generalized Trust: Evidence from the United States 1973-2010

This paper examines the effect of exposure to a culture of easier divorce as a minor on generalized trust using the General Social Survey from 1973-2010. The easier divorce culture is defined as the introduction of no-fault including unilateral divorce reforms across the US. According to the results, the divorce revolution seems to have had some effect on trust levels across the US. While there are no discernible effects for the whole sample of men, there are statistically significant effects for women with an additional year of exposure being associated with a 4 percentage point lower generalized trust in the states with easy divorce culture compared to states with fault based divorce culture. An analysis by sub-group of women indicates that married and divorced/separated women have significantly lower levels of trust associated with exposure to easy divorce culture as a child. The findings are in agreement with the predictions of previous literature regarding no-fault divorce reforms reducing the security offered by marriage, in particular for women.

The Emergence of a Specific Kind of Individualization Habitus Among Divorced Women

The expanding “divorce culture” is a relatively new phenomenon that has taken on greater importance over recent decades, and we can assume that it will influence the principles of social reproduction. The theoretical question on the broadest level is this: How will the mechanisms of social reproduction differ in a situation where the growing probability of divorce is expanding the circle of people who are forced to redefine their life paths and reproduction strategies? This article presents the results of comprehensive research following the logic of sequential explanatory design. In this type of mixed research, qualitative research helps to enhance the interpretation of models found in the previous quantitative part of the analysis. Following the principle of grounded theory, I will introduce a theoretical model as an attempt to explain recent changes in reproduction strategies in terms of specific type of individualization habitus and specific re-construction aspect of reproduction strategies.

Does Culture Affect Divorce? Evidence From European Immigrants in the United States

This article explores the role of culture in determining divorce by examining country-of-origin differences in divorce rates of immigrants in the United States. Because childhood-arriving immigrants are all exposed to a common set of U.S. laws and institutions, we interpret relationships between their divorce tendencies and home-country divorce rates as evidence of the effect of culture. Our results are robust to controlling for several home-country variables, including average church attendance and gross domestic product (GDP). Moreover, specifications with country-of-origin fixed effects suggest that immigrants from countries with low divorce rates are especially less likely to be divorced if they reside among a large number of coethnics. Supplemental analyses indicate that divorce culture has a stronger impact on the divorce decisions of females than of males, pointing to a potentially gendered nature of divorce taboos.

Our Divorce Culture: A Durkheimian Perspective

Comparative studies of children from divorced and intact families consistently find that children of divorced marriages have more short- and long-term psychological and social issues than children from intact marriages. This has led to the need for an evaluation of our divorce culture. The purpose of this research is to analyze the general population's attitudes on divorce involving children by gender, race, age, socioeconomic status, and participation in religious activities to see if our opinion of divorce is corresponding to the reality of its effect on children. Research-based divorce education programs have been shown to produce positive results in social and psychological readjustment for both children and adults. The findings of this study allow research-based divorce education programs to identify where to focus their services for children and adults. In addition, these findings support the implementation of policy to mandate the development of research-based divorce education programs in each state.

Does Culture Affect Divorce Decisions? Evidence from European Immigrants in the US

This paper explores the role of culture in determining divorce decisions by examining differences in divorce rates by country of origin of immigrants in the United States. Because immigrants who arrived in the US at a young age are all exposed to a common set of American laws and institutions, we interpret cross-ancestry differences in divorce rates as evidence of the effect of culture. The quantitatively significant estimated effects of culture are robust to controlling for a large number of home country variables such as average church attendance and GDP. Supplemental analyses indicate that divorce culture has a stronger impact on the divorce decisions of females than of males pointing to a potentially gendered nature of divorce taboos. We also find that divorce tendencies are especially weak for immigrants from countries with low divorce rates that reside amidst a large number of co-ethnics, suggesting that culture is transmitted not only from parents to children but also within ethnic communities. Given the importance of divorce as a determinant of later outcomes in life, our findings imply that culture should be taken into consideration when formulating family policies.

Book Review: After Intimacy: The Culture of Divorce in the West since 1789. Edited by Karl Leydecker and Nicholas White. Bern: Peter Lang, 2007. (European Connections, vol. 10, edited by Peter Collier.) Pp. 295

Book Review: After Intimacy: The Culture of Divorce in the West since 1789. Edited by Karl Leydecker and Nicholas White. Bern: Peter Lang, 2007. (European Connections, vol. 10, edited by Peter Collier.) Pp. 295

After Intimacy: The Culture of Divorce in the West since 1789 by Karl Leydecker, Nicholas White

After Intimacy: The Culture of Divorce in the West since 1789 by Karl Leydecker, Nicholas White

The divorce culture and picture books for young children

In the past thirty years or so, divorce has been widespread in many countries. Globally the percentage of marriages that end up in divorce has increased dramatically even in countries where religious and legal impediments are strong. Divorce occurs most often within the first ten years of marriage. That means children of most couples who are involved in divorce are in their early childhood. Divorce does not impact only the divorced couple and their children, but all the people in the society because of the cultural changes. It has become an omnipresent part of the generation’s lives and a part of who they are. Consciously or unconsciously, it affects how people of the generation and their children negotiate intimacy in human relationships and how everyone else responds and adapts to the changes.

Divorce Culture and Marital Gender Equality

This article examines the cross-national relationship between a divorce culture on a national level and gender equality in intact marriages. Based on multilevel analysis of data from 22 countries in the International Social Survey Programme, the results indicate that a divorce culture on the national level is associated with greater marital equality. In other words, in countries where divorce is accepted and practiced, the distribution of work between women and men in marriage is more equal. These findings support the enhanced equality hypothesis that the possibility of divorce provides women with leverage to gain more equal status within marriage.

The Formless City of Plato's Republic: How the Legal and Social Promotion of Divorce and Same-Sex Marriage Contravenes the Principles and Undermines the Projects of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

In the Republic, Plato describes a stage in social decay called “formlessness,” where all sorts of differences are accepted and none is preferred. No one need hold office or obey. People are impatient with all the ties that ought to bind them. Plato's formess city displays three deplorable features. One is the denigration of law and custom. A second is ethical skepticism or nihilism. A third is the repudiation of duty. These features also characterize the divorce culture and the same-sex marriage movement. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights reflects a philosophy quite the reverse of Plato’s formless city. Its philosophy of the family respects custom, embraces objectivism, and recognizes duty.

Culture and Divorce

The term “divorce culture” has been popularized in recent years by scholars studying American family demographics. It suggests that the high rates of divorce relative to earlier decades are in part due to changes of values in American society at large, though little direct empirical evidence exists for this claim. Does the concept of the divorce culture apply to a religious population, which might be expected to hold more traditional values? The present study examines the relationship between measures of values and attitudes toward divorce and marriage in a Protestant sample. Demographic and religious variables are included in the analysis as controls. The results indicate that values make a moderate but statistically significant contribution to divorce attitude.