Administrative Districts Research Articles

New realities of the administrative-territorial structure of Ukraine and areas of ethnic minorities’ settlement: Geographical correlations and social consequences

This article analyses the ethno-geographical problems of the reformed system of administrative and territorial structure of Ukraine. The authors consider the alignment of newly created administrative units (rayons, territorial communities) and areas of compact settlement of ethnic minorities as a favourable prerequisite for the organisation of local self-government and the establishment of balanced and mutually beneficial ethno-political relations in the state. The analysis of the ethno-geographical parameters of ethnic minorities and the configuration of the newly created administrative-territorial units revealed that the population of ethnic minorities in Zakarpattia, Chernivtsi and Odesa oblasts was given the opportunity to organise territorial communities in which they constitute the majority. At the same time, studies have shown that it was not easy to implement this approach in the newly created administrative districts, given the officially defined criteria, the politicisation of the issue and the relatively high degree of mosaic settlement of ethnic groups. Therefore, the ethno-geographical factor was only partially taken into account in the formation of new administrative districts and the selection of district centres.

Demographic, socioeconomic and dietary factors are associated with double burden of malnutrition among indigenous communities in Sarawak

Introduction: Double burden of malnutrition (DBM), encompassing both overnutrition and undernutrition, is a growing global public health issue. Indigenous people are one of the marginalised populations experiencing DBM at varying severity. This study aimed to identify factors contributing to DBM in indigenous households in Sarawak. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilised multistage random sampling to include 286 indigenous households from six administrative divisions in Sarawak. Mothers aged 20–49 years who had at least one child aged 2–12 years were recruited. Trained interviewers obtained information on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, food security, and dietary intake via a two-day, 24-hour dietary recall. Height and weight measurements followed World Health Organization protocols. DBM household was identified as having an overnourished (overweight/ obese) mother with an undernourished (underweight/stunting/wasting) child within the same household. Simple and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Prevalence of DBM among the indigenous communities in Sarawak was 25.2%. Households with an overweight/obese mother and a stunted child was 12.9%, wasted child (11.9%), and underweight child (9.4%). Households with younger mothers, a household size of >4 persons, and higher income per capita (relative to sample population) were significantly more likely to have DBM. Conversely, households with higher monthly non-food expenditure and greater fish and seafood intake scores in children were significantly less likely to have DBM. Conclusion: DBM is prevalent among Sarawak’s indigenous communities, affecting 25.2% of households. Further research and targeted interventions are needed to address socioeconomic and dietary factors in these populations.

Trust in nutrition, subjective norms and urban consumers' purchase behavior of quinoa products: explanation based on preference heterogeneity.

With the increase of disposable income and the awakening of health consciousness of Chinese residents, higher requirements have been put forward for the nutritional value of food. To meet the market demand and promote the high-quality development of the whole quinoa industry chain, this study aimed to analyze the purchase behavior of quinoa from the aspects of nutritional trust and subjective norms. Based on 1,078 micro-survey data from 16 administrative districts in Shanghai, this paper empirically examined the influence of trust in nutrition and subjective norms on consumers' purchase behavior and willingness to pay of quinoa products, and further investigated the moderating effect of preference heterogeneity. Results show that 38.22% of respondents have purchased quinoa products. Trust in nutrition and subjective norms can not only promote their purchasing behavior, but also improve consumers' willingness to pay for quinoa products. The analysis of the moderating effect shows that both the purchase behavior and the willingness to pay are affected by the preference heterogeneity, and the cognitive preference will weaken the positive influence of subjective norms on the purchase behavior, while the nutritional preference of consumers can strengthen the positive influence of trust in nutrition on the willingness to pay. Therefore, this paper suggests that strengthens research and development of products market oriented, implements certification and labeling schemes for nutrition and other properties of products, intensifies publicity and promotion of products to enhancing consumers' awareness of healthy diet.

Impact of Administrative Division Adjustments on Urban Shrinkage: Evidence from Chinese Counties

Impact of Administrative Division Adjustments on Urban Shrinkage: Evidence from Chinese Counties

Nighttime light imagery or mobile phone footprints: Which better reflects urban socio-economics at the grid level? A case study in the Pearl River Delta, China

Traditional socioeconomic censuses rely on manual statistical surveys at the administrative division level, incurring significant costs while also facing the issue of data fabrication. The lack of information at the fine-scale spatial level limits more accurate policy formulation at the local and global levels. Nighttime lights have been proven to reflect human activities and estimate socio-economic indicators. Meanwhile, with the widespread use of smart devices, mobile phone data recorded as sensor data also provide various information about human footprints. This research elucidates the revealing ability of mobile phone footprints (MOB) and nighttime lights (NTL) to estimate various socio-economic indicators at a fine grid scale, establishing them as valuable proxies for understanding complex urban patterns. A comparative analysis within the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China demonstrates MOB's superior capacity in accurately reflecting socio-economic indicators such as population density and gross domestic product (GDP) distribution, effectively mitigating the oversaturation shortcomings of NTL in reflecting socioeconomic conditions. Especially in urban built-up areas, MOB and NTL data synergistically provide a refined depiction of socio-economic conditions, with MOB elucidating urban structure and density, and NTL closely associated with the service sector's footprint. The insights of the study highlight the value of integrating MOB and NTL data to refine the accuracy of socioeconomic indicators, which could be instrumental in the creation of nuanced urban planning and policy interventions. Such data-driven approaches promise to more effectively address socioeconomic inequalities and support sustainable urban development initiatives.

The 1000 Chinese Indigenous Pig Genomes Project provides insights into the genomic architecture of pigs

Pigs play a central role in human livelihoods in China, but a lack of systematic large-scale whole-genome sequencing of Chinese domestic pigs has hindered genetic studies. Here, we present the 1000 Chinese Indigenous Pig Genomes Project sequencing dataset, comprising 1011 indigenous individuals from 50 pig populations covering approximately two-thirds of China’s administrative divisions. Based on the deep sequencing (~25.95×) of these pigs, we identify 63.62 million genomic variants, and provide a population-specific reference panel to improve the imputation performance of Chinese domestic pig populations. Using a combination of methods, we detect an ancient admixture event related to a human immigration climax in the 13th century, which may have contributed to the formation of southeast-central Chinese pig populations. Analyzing the haplotypes of the Y chromosome shows that the indigenous populations residing around the Taihu Lake Basin exhibit a unique haplotype. Furthermore, we find a 13 kb region in the THSD7A gene that may relate to high-altitude adaptation, and a 0.47 Mb region on chromosome 7 that is significantly associated with body size traits. These results highlight the value of our genomic resource in facilitating genomic architecture and complex traits studies in pigs.

One Health Approach of Enterococcal Population Structure and Antibacterial Resistance Along the Food Chain - Four PLADs, China, 2015-2022.

Enterococci are considered opportunistic pathogens. However, they can serve as a reservoir of antibacterial resistance (ABR) traits and transfer these to humans through the food chain. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing were used to characterize the ABR and population structure of 488 enterococcal isolates recovered along the food chain from four provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in China. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) was the dominant species cultured from pig farms and retail meat, while Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) and Enterococcus casseliflavus were dominant in patients with diarrhea and retail fruits and vegetables, respectively. Approximately 67% of all Enterococcus isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). E. faecium resistance to ampicillin and penicillin was significantly higher than that of E. faecalis. The E. faecalis isolates exhibited substantially heterologous sequence types (STs), whereas E. faecium isolates were clearly divided into clonal complex (CC) CC17 and CC94 clades. E. faecium isolates were mainly detected in hospitalized children and were identified as the hospital-associated CC17 clade with ampicillin and penicillin resistance. Notably, E. faecalis ST16 and ST65 and E. faecium ST60 and ST94 detected in patients with diarrhea were also detected in farm and food samples, indicating that these STs should be closely monitored. The community-lineage E. faecium CC94 clade was detected in patients with diarrhea, implying that community isolates might find their way into hospitals. This study highlights the One Health challenges posed by enterococci important to human health and the need to implement integrated preventive measures for their control.

Olfactory Selection Preferences of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Adults Toward Lauraceae Plants.

Cinnamomum camphora is a broad-spectrum insect-repelling tree species because of its high content of terpenoids. However, it is curious that Pagiophloeus tsushimanus, a recently recorded wood-boring pest, has widely infested C. camphora plantations across various administrative districts in Shanghai. The larvae, being concealed within the trunk of C. camphora trees, exhibit characteristics such as hidden activity, strong destructiveness, and being difficult to control. While the primary host plant for P. tsushimanus is C. camphora, preliminary observations have shown that the pest can also complete its life cycle on Cinnamomum chekiangensis and Phoebe chekiangensis. To explore the host selection preference of this beetle, the present study aimed to investigate the olfactory selection behavior of P. tsushimanus adults towards C. camphora, C. chekiangensis, and P. chekiangensis. Results from choice and no-choice tests indicated that both male and female adults exhibited a feeding preference for C. camphora twigs, with females showing a preference for laying eggs on camphor tree twigs as well. Volatile compounds unique in camphor trees were significantly higher in relative content than those on the other two plants that were detected. The Y-shaped olfactometer experiments and electroantennography measurements results showed that male and female adults of P. tsushimanus had a positive chemotaxis towards volatiles released by C. camphora and a negative chemotaxis towards volatiles released by C. chekiangensis or P. chekiangensis. Overall, the findings suggest that both male and female adults have a selective preference for volatiles released by the camphor tree, and this provides a theoretical basis for monitoring and controlling the occurrence of this weevil pest.

Performance of a Full-Coverage Cervical Cancer Screening Program Using on an Artificial Intelligence- and Cloud-Based Diagnostic System: Observational Study of an Ultralarge Population.

The World Health Organization has set a global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer, emphasizing the need for cervical cancer screening coverage to reach 70%. In response, China has developed an action plan to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer, with Hubei province implementing China's first provincial full-coverage screening program using an artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud-based diagnostic system. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of AI technology in this full-coverage screening program. The evaluation indicators included accessibility, screening efficiency, diagnostic quality, and program cost. Characteristics of 1,704,461 individuals screened from July 2022 to January 2023 were used to analyze accessibility and AI screening efficiency. A random sample of 220 individuals was used for external diagnostic quality control. The costs of different participating screening institutions were assessed. Cervical cancer screening services were extended to all administrative districts, especially in rural areas. Rural women had the highest participation rate at 67.54% (1,147,839/1,699,591). Approximately 1.7 million individuals were screened, achieving a cumulative coverage of 13.45% in about 6 months. Full-coverage programs could be achieved by AI technology in approximately 1 year, which was 87.5 times more efficient than the manual reading of slides. The sample compliance rate was as high as 99.1%, and compliance rates for positive, negative, and pathology biopsy reviews exceeded 96%. The cost of this program was CN ¥49 (the average exchange rate in 2022 is as follows: US $1=CN ¥6.7261) per person, with the primary screening institution and the third-party testing institute receiving CN ¥19 and ¥27, respectively. AI-assisted diagnosis has proven to be accessible, efficient, reliable, and low cost, which could support the implementation of full-coverage screening programs, especially in areas with insufficient health resources. AI technology served as a crucial tool for rapidly and effectively increasing screening coverage, which would accelerate the achievement of the World Health Organization's goals of eliminating cervical cancer.

АРХІТЕКТУРА ТА ІСТОРЯ ЖИТЛОВОГО БУДИНКУ НА ВУЛ. ГОРОДОЦЬКА 117 У М. ЛЬВОВІ

Residential buildings of the 19th - early 20th centuries occupy an important place in the development of Lviv and form the general appearance of the city. Most of the buildings are in an unsatisfactory condition. Over time, due to lack of proper operation, low funding, and low level of awareness of residents, residential buildings of this period lose their authentic appearance and need professional restoration. Therefore, it is important to study the history of buildings. analysis of their composition, facade decoration and planning and spatial structure. The available information about the research object does not reveal all the historical data, and the description of preserved architectural elements and decor is also important. The researched residential building, is located in the Halytskyi administrative district on the Horodotska street, is an architectural monument of local importance, the protection number of the monument is 4290-Lv. The residential building combines the features of Neo-Romanesque and Neo-Moorish styles. In plan, it is close to a rectangle with a courtyard, has the appearance of a well house. The main part of the building is four-story, the back of the house is three-story with a basement floor. The planning structure is sectional with two stairwells. The main facade has a symmetrical composition with six axes. Under the windows of the third floor of the main facade there are six high reliefs, authored by Sigmund Kurchinsky. High-reliefs depict a plot with satyrs. In the interior of the gate and stairwells, molding, authentic ceramic tiles, and some joinery have been preserved. The monument meets the criterion of authenticity and preservation, has preserved its planning and spatial structure within the capital walls, decoration of facades and interiors. However, the state of preservation of the building is unsatisfactory, as there is significant damage to the decoration of the walls of the facades. In order to preserve and operate the monument, it is necessary to carry out repair and restoration works.

A study on the quantification and impact mechanism of regional ecological compensation based on revised carbon accounts: evidence from the Yellow River Basin economic zone in China

With the progression of regional connectivity, attaining the ‘dual-carbon target’ is no longer the narrative of a single city. To achieve synergistic governance among cities in the basin economic zone, it is essential to establish a multidimensional ecological compensation mechanism. This research amended the conventional carbon accounting model by utilising carbon emissions and economic data from 59 cities in China’s Yellow River Basin, covering the period from 2004 to 2021, after the timeframe of significant alterations in the administrative divisions of cities was removed. It additionally compares and analyses the clustering patterns and trajectories of centre-of-gravity shifts in regional ecocompensation credits while investigating the impact processes through geo-probes. The findings indicate that the amended carbon account has a more decentralised distribution when interregional disparities are considered. Second, ecocompensation credits are characterised mostly by low-high and low-low agglomeration; nevertheless, their regional distribution is uneven. Moreover, the rankings of the top five cities in terms of ecocompensation exhibited minimal variation each year. The degree of green technology is the primary determinant of the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological compensation. The conclusions of this study can serve as a valuable reference for the execution of medium- and long-term ecocompensation policies and aid in attaining the ‘dual-carbon’ aim.

Long-term changes in the French fisheries for crustaceans in the Eastern English Channel: 1901 to 2020

Abstract Small-scale crustacean fisheries in the English Channel have existed for centuries but have never been formally assessed; hence, concerns about their ecological and socio-economic sustainability could be raised. This study explores trends in this fishery’s landings from 1901 to 2021, based on historical and recent landings data in two of the main administrative fishing divisions of the area, Cherbourg and Boulogne-sur-Mer quartiers. Crustacean fisheries were reported for both divisions from the beginning to the end of the time period considered, demonstrating that a dedicated crustacean fishery existed in the area since at least the 20th century. The species composition of the crustacean’s catch (e.g., edible crab, Cancer pagurus Linnaeus, 1758; European lobster, Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus, 1758); European spider crab, Maja brachydactyla Balss, 1922) was almost impossible to track before the 2000s. Important fluctuations were observed in catch volume reports along time that might be related to two phenomena: technological advances that would have improved the fishery performances and the decline of some previously targeted species that might have led to a transfer in fishing effort.

Tuberculosis Infection Risk Areas in a Big Urban Center: Boundaries, Objects, Parameters, and Models

The objective: to build up models for the areas of infectious risk of tuberculosis spread in a big urban center, to evaluate the presence of objects and parameters influencing the probability of development of tuberculosis infection nudi.Subjects and Methods. A retrospective and prospective study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2022 in St. Petersburg TB Dispensary no. 5. The study was performed taking into account the results of field surveys, with subsequent processing of materials for the territory of Kalininskiy and Krasnogvardeyskiy Administrative Districts of St. Petersburg.Results. According to the multivariate analysis of certain parameters, it was found that adult population density was a statistically significant factor influencing the type of tuberculosis infection risk areas (aOR=1.0002; p=0.0002). The role of educational facilities density (aOR=0.9932; p=0.9), and detected cases of latent tuberculous infection (aOR=1.0837; p=0.6), was statistically insignificant.

Practices of maize handling and nixtamalization to reduce fungal toxin exposure in rural Guatemala

Fungal toxins in local food supplies are a critical environmental health risk to communities globally. To better characterize hypothesized toxin control points among households, we conducted household surveys across four departments (first administrative division) in Guatemala. Data gathered included maize harvesting, processing, storage, and traditional nixtamalization practices. In total, n = 33 households participated in the survey and were from 4 unique departments, 17 unique municipalities, and represented 4 different languages. The results suggested that the majority of households consumed a combination of personally cultivated and purchased maize. There was significant variation in how this maize was stored, in regards to pre-processing (kernel vs whole cob), as well as storage system type. For nixtamalization, the largest differences in practices (e.g., cooking time) were based on household size while the majority of households reported practices that aligned with previously reported best practices. Lastly, all reported maize-based food products produced by households utilized the nixtamalization process except one. Current maize handling and nixtamalization practices reported by a majority of households aligned with best practices, however, with locally tailored and culturally sensitive guidance disseminated by key stakeholders, the prevalence of best practice use among households can be improved. Further community-based research on traditional farming and nixtamalization practices can improve these recommendations.

The mitigating effect of green Space's spatial and temporal patterns on the urban heat island in the context of urban densification: A case study of Xi'an

Growing evidence highlights a strong link between urban densification and urban heat island (UHI) effects. However, there is a lack of research on time-based analyses of urban green space spatial patterns using urban densification indices to mitigate UHI effects. Addressing this gap, this study focuses on the central district of Xi'an, utilizing urban density data, MODIS LST products, and Landsat series imagery. The Coordination Coupling Degree Model (CCDM) is applied to longitudinally assess the mitigating effects of urban green space spatial patterns on UHI under different scales of spatial densification. The CCDM results show a significant overall improvement in the coordination coupling degree between green space spatial indices and LST in Xi'an's central district from 2013 to 2023. However, variations across administrative districts suggest that regional planning policies have differentially influenced green space patterns and UHI effects over time. Furthermore, a global negative correlation between the urban densification index and changes in the coordination coupling degree indicates that continued urbanization in Xi'an's central district could exacerbate the urban thermal environment. This study provides valuable insights into green space planning and UHI mitigation strategies in the context of urban densification.

Supply network stress-testing of food security on the establishment-level

Recent events exemplified the fragility of national and international supply networks (SNs), leading to significant supply shortages of essential goods, such as food and medicines. Severe disruptions propagating along complex SNs can expose entire regions or countries to these risks. A lack of data and quantitative methodology has hitherto prevented an empirical quantification of the vulnerabilities of populations created by SN disruptions. Here, we propose supply network stress-testing (SNST) as a new data-driven methodology to quantify product-level supply losses of administrative districts that result from cascading supply disruptions between establishments. We demonstrate SNST on a large fraction of the Austrian food SN – composed of the pork production network from farms to meat processors and the distribution network of large food retailers – containing 23,001 establishments, 44,730 supply links, and 116 administrative districts. We rank all establishments with respect to their systemic criticality for the population using a novel systemic risk index, ESR I i crit . We identify 28 facilities that – in case of failure – are expected to cause severe supply shortages to up to 20% of the population. SNST enables governments and industry to stress-test national supply networks of critical goods, to identify their weak spots and make them more resilient to future crises.

Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Farmers' Migration Intentions Due to the Syrian Conflict

This study aims to identify the migration patterns of Syrian farmers in northern Aleppo and to investigate the main factors affecting their migration patterns. In this context, the study data were obtained through face-to-face surveys with a total of 210 farmers from 17 villages in three administrative districts of Aleppo Governorate using a proportional sampling method. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model. According to the results of the study, education level, land size, and household income were found to decrease the tendency to migrate. On the other hand, the factors that increase the tendency of farmers to migrate include being temporarily settled in the region and having family members abroad as refugees. As the war-induced environment has reduced participation in non-agricultural work, more farmers consider agriculture as their main source of livelihood.

Multidisciplinary models of primary health care for patients with chronic non-communicable diseases

Introduction. Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) requires a variety of strategies from different perspectives and at different levels, including individual and country-specific. Comprehensive patient-oriented and proactive approaches play an important role in the provision of multidisciplinary teams of medical care to patients with established CNCD. The purpose of this study is to present the Moscow experience in managing multidisciplinary teams for the treatment of CND patients, using the example of arterial hypertension in the framework of a pilot project in the outpatient clinics of the Troitsk and Novomoskovsky administrative districts (TiNAO; were attached to the territory of Moscow in 2012). Materials and methods. The study was conducted in two stages: at the first, a literature review was carried out, at the second, the stages of launching a pilot project on the management of multidisciplinary teams for the treatment patients with CNCD, using the example of arterial hypertension in the outpatient clinic of TinAO, were developed and discussed. Results. The research analyzes approaches to the use of multidisciplinary teams in the world. Based on the analyzed current regulatory documents, adjustments were made to the foreign model for its possible adaptation to Moscow polyclinics, focusing on proactive dispensary dynamic monitoring. Research limitations. The results of the conducted research are based on operational data from Moscow and can be applied only to the formation of management decisions in Moscow. Conclusion. According to the results of the pilot project testing, an increase in the level of coverage of the attached population with medical care, accessibility of narrow specialists and provision of equal opportunities for obtaining medical care for Muscovites was noted.

Forest types in Brunei Darussalam: A case study on mangrove forests in Temburong District

Brunei Darussalam is a small Sultanate country with diverse forest cover. One of them would be Mangrove Forest. As it has four main administrative districts, Temburong would be the chosen case study area. The methods of collecting data for this article are by collecting secondary data from official websites and the map in this article (Figure 1) are showing the forest cover in Brunei Darussalam as of 2020. The aim of this article is to explain the mangrove forest especially at the Temburong District. As for the objectives, it would to be able to show the different types of forests in Temburong, hoping in ability to explain the different subtypes of mangroves forest and to explain in general the green jewel of Brunei Darussalam. Temburong has become the second highest tree coverage in Brunei Darussalam of 124 kha as of 2010, while the mangrove forest covering about 66% of total mangrove forest of 12,164 km2 out of 18,418 hectares. Mangrove forest has seven subtypes: Bakau species, Nyireh bunga, Linggadai, Nipah, Nipah-Dungun, Pedada and Nibong. Selirong Forest Reserve and Labu Forest Reserve are the two-mangrove forest reserves in Brunei Darussalam at Temburong District. Forest cover in Brunei Darussalam are 3800 hectares as of 2020 and has lost its tree coverage of 1.17 kha and one of the reasons would be forest fire and the tree cover loss due to fire is around 197 ha and the district that has lost its tree cover mostly was at Belait District of total 13.4 kha between the year 2001 until 2022.

Shade watch: Mapping citywide shade dynamics through ray tracing and LiDAR data in Hong Kong's complex 3-D built environment

The importance of urban shade in city planning has been underscored by its various associations with thermal comfort, living environment quality, human health and well-being. However, existing methods for urban shade mapping are often limited to street-level scopes or singular sampling observational times, leaving citywide shade mapping, its spatiotemporal patterns, and controlling factors largely unexplored. To fill these knowledge gaps, this study proposed a novel protocol that enables seamless mapping of spatiotemporal urban shade patterns over the entire city by fusing look-up-table (LUT)-based ray-tracing approach with Google Earth Engine cloud computing technology, as well as high-resolution digital surface model (DSM) derived from LiDAR data. This protocol was applied to Hong Kong, a city characterized by a complex 3-D built environment, and then delved into the spatiotemporal patterns of urban shade and the associated controlling factors. Validation results indicate that the proposed method can accurately quantify urban shade compared to ground-based photo references and high-resolution satellite imagery. The analysis uncovers that: (1) Shade exhibits spatial heterogeneity across different 3-D built environments while maintaining a consistent "U-shape" diurnal shade fraction during the day; (2) Solar geometry, regardless of solar zenith and azimuth angle, is positively associated with aggregated metrics of shade landscape and negatively associated with fragmented metrics. Moreover, solar zenith angles exert stronger controls over the citywide shade landscape patterns; and (3) Persistent shade significantly reduces the sunlight hours (i.e., the accumulated sunshine hours per day) across administrative districts, local climate zones (LCZs), and seasons. Due to shade effects originating from 3-D urban structures, Hong Kong typically experiences an average of 4-8 sunlight hours per day within a one-year cycle, which is substantially lower than the 11-14 hours of natural daylength. This study offers a practical protocol for large-scale urban shade mapping, enhancing our understanding of urban shade, its spatiotemporal dynamics, and benefits in a broader spatiotemporal context. The associated datasets and findings from this study can inform urban planners and policymakers in developing effective strategies to create healthier and sustainable urban environments in Hong Kong.