Division Of Anatomy Research Articles

An anatomical study of the nasal foramina.

The nasal foramen is located in the nasal bone and for vessels passage to supply the nasal area. This project aimed to establish reliable references for the nasal foramina for future clinical applications. The 72 dried skulls, 46 from the Division of Anatomy, University of Phayao, Thailand, and 26 from the Tulane University School of Medicine, USA, were collected and examined. The location, number, and sizes of nasal foramina were noted. The distances from each nasal foramen to the internasal suture, frontonasal suture, nasomaxillary suture, nasion, and rhinion were also recorded and used in the statistical analytical programs. The most common type of nasal foramen in all skulls was type II (one external opening) at 65.97%, followed by type I (no foramen opening) at 20.83%, type III (two external openings) at 11.11% and type IV at 2.08% (three external openings). Nasal foramen subtypes in many of the Thai and American skulls were type IIb and type IIa. The diameter of a connecting nasal foramen was significantly larger than that of a non-connecting. Results from embalmed confirmed the passage of the external nasal artery through the nasal cavity. The study shows no significant difference in nasal foramen morphometry between Thai and American. It illustrates recent data on type and subtype classifications and the location of a vascular passage through the nasal foramen. This is the first study of NF variations and their respective classifications.

The association between healed skeletal fractures indicative of interpersonal violence and alcoholic liver disease in a cadaver cohort from the Western Cape, South Africa.

Interpersonal violence (IPV) and heavy alcohol consumption are major problems in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Cranio-maxillofacial fractures, particularly nasal and zygomatic bone fractures, as well as isolated radial fractures (Colles fractures) and ulnar shaft fractures (parry fractures), are indicative of IPV, while alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the consequence of chronic alcohol abuse. We therefore aim to investigate whether a significant association exists between the prevalence of cranio-maxillofacial fractures and parry fractures and ALD in a Western Cape population. Embalmed cadavers (n=124) used for medical students' anatomy training at the Division of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University were studied. The cadavers were dissected according to departmental protocol. The liver of each cadaver was investigated for macroscopic pathology lesions. Tissue samples were removed, processed to wax, and sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). All soft tissue was removed from the skulls, radii, and ulnae, which were then investigated for healed skeletal trauma. The results showed 37/124 (29.8%) cadavers had healed cranio-maxillofacial fractures and 24/124 (19.4%) cadavers had morphologic features of ALD. A total of 12/124 (9.7%) cadavers showed signs of both ALD and healed cranio-maxillofacial trauma. More males were affected than females, and left-sided facial fractures were statistically more common compared to the right side. This study illustrated a significant trend between alcohol abuse and cranio-maxillofacial fractures in individuals from communities with a low socio-economic status (SES) where IPV is a major problem.

Quantitative dermatoglyphic analysis in patients of oral sub mucous fibrosis

Background - Dermatoglyphics is the collective name for all those integumentary features within the limits to be defined and it applies to the division of anatomy which includes their study. Diagnosis of many diseases which are genetically or non genetically determined like Diabetes mellitus, Schizophrenia, Hypertension, etc can now be aided by dermatoglyphic analysis. Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic precancerous oral disease, specially seen in guthka chewers, but not all the gutkha chewers develops the disease or non gutkha chewers may also develop the disease. Genetic predisposition explains such individual variability. Such genetic predisposition can be explored with the help of dermatoglyphic studies. Objective- The study was aimed at finding the dermatoglyphic markers for the patients of Oral submucous Fibrosis by assessing the quantitative dermatoglyphic parameters. Method- 100 gutkha chewers without Oral Submucous fibrosis and 100 Gutkha chewers with Oral submucous fibrosis were selected for the study and their quantitative dermatoglypphic analysis with specific reference to total finger ridge count (TFRC) and atd angle was carried out and was statistically analyzed. Result- There was significant decrease in mean TFRC and atd angle for the patients of Oral sub Mucous Fibrosis.

Incidence of Common Coronary Artery Variants and Anomalies and the Implications Thereof

The coronary arteries have many variant branching patterns and anomalies. Knowledge of these is crucial to physicians as they impact cardiac pathology and may themselves be pathologic. We aimed to assess the coronary anatomy of all 45 available cadavers at our institution for these entities. Right, left or co‐dominance was determined in each heart via the posterior descending (PDA) and AV nodal arteries. The presence of bridging, hypoplasia and duplication of the major branches was assessed. 35(78%) of the hearts were left dominant, 5(11%) were right dominant and 5(11%) were co‐dominant. A conus branch was seen in 34 hearts. In 21(62%) it arose from the right coronary artery (RCA) and in 13(38%) from the aorta. A sinoatrial artery was seen in 36 hearts. In 25(69%) it arose from the RCA and in 11(31%) from the left circumflex artery. A ramus intermedius was seen in 11(24%). 1 heart had a high origin of the left coronary artery. 1 heart had bridging of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). 1 heart had duplication of the LAD and 2 had duplication of the PDA. 1 heart had a hypoplastic LAD with collaterals from the PDA and 1 had a hypoplastic PDA with collaterals from the LAD. Based on this set of hearts we report an incidence of the common anatomical variants in keeping with the current literature. Knowledge of these entities and is crucial to accurately treat pathologies and to avoid unnecessary interventions. The source of research support is from the division of Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA.

The utility of podcasts in Web 2.0 human anatomy

The pedagogical approach in medical education seems to have witnessed a paradigm shift within North American institutions. Medicine, an inherently innovative discipline, appears to have resisted any Luddite reluctance and embraced the global Web 2.0 possibilities. The Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ottawa has committed itself to being at the vanguard of technological innovation over the past decade. Established as the nation’s only bilingual medical school, the innovative advances have been designed to facilitate the parallel Anglophone and Francophone educational streams. In view of its historically rote subject matter, the Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy has implemented podcasting (using digital media files) to complement an ever-expanding integrative curriculum and to synergise the student learning experience. The Faculty of Medicine has reformed its medical curriculum from a conventional discipline-based approach to an integrative, objective-based curriculum. This has involved a reduction in core lecture hours and an increased emphasis on student self-learning and case-based clinical application. The challenge to comprehensively address learning objectives in human anatomy spurred the development and deployment of podcasting to supplement the fundamental delivery of key content. The aim was to advance the technologically progressive focus of the new curriculum and improve the learning scope of human anatomy while maintaining the autonomous student-centred ideal. Anatomy lecturers developed podcasts in French and English as online learning resources to augment student learning capacity. Distinctive podcast lectures reviewing previously presented subject matter and emphasising fundamental concepts were made available online to medical students in Years 1 and 2 in advance of each anatomy laboratory session. The podcasts were easily accessible through the Division of Anatomy’s internal website and were also available on iTunes uOttawa for maximal convenience and usability. Online surveys were constructed to help determine the utilisation patterns and potential benefit of the learning resource. The surveys were administered after specific teaching units to assess the podcast quality and to help improve student efficacy in the acquisition of educational fundamentals. Samples of Francophone Year 1 (n = 42) and Anglophone Year 2 (n = 49) students were used to assess the impact and plausibility of the curricular podcast integration. The notable results of the survey illustrate a positive reception on the part of the participants for the supplementary resource, with 92% of responses indicating the podcasts were ‘very helpful for self-paced learning’. With respect to student utilisation, 89% of the respondents deemed the podcasts an excellent resource for studying anatomy, and 79% embraced the use of the podcasts in examination preparation. The resounding response and student amalgamation of the resource into various independent learning paradigms has increased the demand for more Web 2.0 resources in the teaching of human anatomy and other medical disciplines at the University of Ottawa. The learning return on the relatively inexpensive capital investment is encouraging for the future development of podcasts as a staple resource in human anatomy education.

CORRELATION BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RABBIT URINARY BLADDER FOLLOWING PARTIAL OUTLET OBSTRUCTION

To understand the relationship between contractile and structural changes in the obstructed bladder, rabbit bladder was partially obstructed for up to 70 days and alterations in tension response to field stimulation and carbachol were compared with alterations in ultrastructure and innervation of detrusor smooth muscle (SM). The effect of partial outlet obstruction on the physiological responses to field stimulation (FS) (nerve mediated contraction) and carbachol (receptor mediated contraction) were correlated with the structure and innervation of the detrusor smooth muscle (SM) of the same animal during a 70 day period. 28 rabbits were subjected to 1 to 70 days of mild partial outlet obstruction. Sham operated rabbits were euthanized at 7, 14, 28, and 70 days post-obstruction. At each time period, isolated strips of bladder body were mounted in individual baths and the contractile response to FS and carbachol determined. Three additional strips from each bladder were fixed for electron microscopy. Bladder mass increased rapidly during the first 7 days after obstruction, was constant for the next 7 days, and then continued to increase gradually. Dysfunction of the contractile response to FS was noted as early as 3 days and progressively increased over the 70-day study period. The decrease in the response to FS increased at a significantly faster rate than the decrease in the contractile response to carbachol. In ultrastructure studies, at 3 and 7 days post-obstruction the majority of SM cells displayed the characteristics of hypertrophy. At 28 days some SM cells displayed loosely packed myofilaments and an irregular distribution of sarcoplasmic dense bodies. At 70 days swollen mitochondria were present in all cell types of the bladder wall. Evidence of axonal degeneration was first observed at 7 days post-obstruction and became more extensive thereafter. No evidence of mitotic figures, nerve growth cones or regenerating SM cells was observed. Prolonged partial bladder outflow obstruction is accompanied by a progressive decrease in contractility of SM. The present study describes the structural damage that occurs in the bladder wall in response to partial outlet obstruction and correlates these observations with the contractile dysfunction with which it is associated. Furthermore, mitochondrial damage in vessels and fibroblasts is suggestive of bladder wall ischemia.

A highly polymorphic porcine dinucleotide repeat S0302 (BHT 12) at chromosome 4p15

Animal GeneticsVolume 25, Issue 6 p. 432-432 A highly polymorphic porcine dinucleotide repeat S0302 (BHT 12) at chromosome 4p15 B. Heyheim, Corresponding Author B. Heyheim Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Nutrition, PO Box 8146 DEP, N-0033 Oslo, NorwayBjørn HøyheimSearch for more papers by this authorA. Keiserud, A. Keiserud Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Nutrition, PO Box 8146 DEP, N-0033 Oslo, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorP D Thornsen, P D Thornsen Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Nutrition, PO Box 8146 DEP, N-0033 Oslo, Norway The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Division of Anatomy. Bülowsvej 13, DK-1870 Fredriksberg C. DenmarkSearch for more papers by this author B. Heyheim, Corresponding Author B. Heyheim Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Nutrition, PO Box 8146 DEP, N-0033 Oslo, NorwayBjørn HøyheimSearch for more papers by this authorA. Keiserud, A. Keiserud Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Nutrition, PO Box 8146 DEP, N-0033 Oslo, NorwaySearch for more papers by this authorP D Thornsen, P D Thornsen Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Nutrition, PO Box 8146 DEP, N-0033 Oslo, Norway The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Division of Anatomy. Bülowsvej 13, DK-1870 Fredriksberg C. DenmarkSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1994 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.1994.tb00539.xCitations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume25, Issue6December 1994Pages 432-432 RelatedInformation

MADEIRAS DA AMAZÔNIA QUE APRESENTAM RAIOS LARGOS

O presente trabalho visa o estudo anatômico macroscópico de 80 espécies lenhosas da Amazônia representadas por 19 Famílias e 46 Gêneroe que apresentam raios considerados largos, segundo adaptação feita pela Divisão de Anatomia e Identificação de Madeiras/INPA, tomando como base a Norma Técnica COPANT (1974). Para cada espécie constam as seguintes informações: caracteres gerais, descrição macroscópica, usos comune, nomee vulgares, um atlas de fotomacrografias com 10x de aumento para auxiliar na identificação dae espécies, um gráfico comparativo contendo a classificação da largura doe raios estudados entre a Norma Técnica COPANT (1974) e a DAIM (1987), um histograma com a frequência da massa específica das espécies, uma listagem contendo as espécies estudadas com a classificação da massa específica, um índice alfabético por famílias e outro por nomee vulgares, ainda um glossário dos termos técnicos utilizados na descrição macroecópica de madeiras acompanhado de um desenho esquemático de um corpo de prova.

CHANGES IN SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM FOLLOWING THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ABSENCE OF THE VAGINA

From the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Division of Anatomy, the University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tenn.

Changes with increasing age in the ossification of the third metacarpal of the female rat

The Anatomical RecordVolume 100, Issue 4 p. 577-591 Article Changes with increasing age in the ossification of the third metacarpal of the female rat† Hermann Becks, Hermann Becks Division of Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, the Institute of Experimental Biology, and the Division of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, and Berkeley, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorC. Willet Asling, C. Willet Asling Division of Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, the Institute of Experimental Biology, and the Division of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, and Berkeley, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorDaniel A. Collins, Daniel A. Collins Division of Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, the Institute of Experimental Biology, and the Division of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, and Berkeley, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorMiriam E. Simpson, Miriam E. Simpson Division of Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, the Institute of Experimental Biology, and the Division of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, and Berkeley, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorHerbert M. Evans, Herbert M. Evans Division of Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, the Institute of Experimental Biology, and the Division of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, and Berkeley, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author Hermann Becks, Hermann Becks Division of Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, the Institute of Experimental Biology, and the Division of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, and Berkeley, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorC. Willet Asling, C. Willet Asling Division of Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, the Institute of Experimental Biology, and the Division of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, and Berkeley, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorDaniel A. Collins, Daniel A. Collins Division of Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, the Institute of Experimental Biology, and the Division of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, and Berkeley, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorMiriam E. Simpson, Miriam E. Simpson Division of Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, the Institute of Experimental Biology, and the Division of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, and Berkeley, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorHerbert M. Evans, Herbert M. Evans Division of Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, the George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, the Institute of Experimental Biology, and the Division of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, and Berkeley, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: April 1948 https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091000407Citations: 17 † Aided by grants from the American Cancer Society (through the National Research Council-Committee on Growth, The National Institute of Health, RG-409, The American Foundation for Dental Science, The California Dental Association and The research Board of the University of California. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume100, Issue4April 1948Pages 577-591 RelatedInformation

The Harveian Oration

The Harveian Oration