Diverse Systems Research Articles

Suppression and Analysis of Low-Frequency Oscillation in Hydropower Unit Regulation Systems with Complex Water Diversion Systems

Suppression and Analysis of Low-Frequency Oscillation in Hydropower Unit Regulation Systems with Complex Water Diversion Systems

Elucidating the Role of Pro-renin Receptors in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Cancer Therapy.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis. The 5- year survival in these patients is very low, and most patients develop drug resistance to current therapies, so additional studies are needed to identify the potential role of new drug targets for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Recent investigations have been performed regarding the roles of pro-renin receptors (PRR) in the initiation and development of cancers. PRR is a component of the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Local tissue RAS has been known in diverse organ systems, including the pancreas. Various investigations have implicated that PRRs are associated with the upregulation of various signaling pathways, like the renin-angiotensin system pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and the Wnt-signaling pathways, to contribute to pathological conditions, including cancer. In this review, we presented an overview of the role of PRR in the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Implementation of Diversion System on Juvenile Delinquency to Manifest Restorative Justice at Badan Pemasyarakatan Kelas II (Class II Correctional Institution) in Samarinda

Implementation of Diversion System on Juvenile Delinquency to Manifest Restorative Justice at Badan Pemasyarakatan Kelas II (Class II Correctional Institution) in Samarinda

Real-Time Optimal Scheduling of a Water Diversion System Using an Improved Wolf-Pack Algorithm and Scheme Library

A water diversion system (WDS) with cascade pumping stations (CPSs) plays an important role in the application of water resources. However, high energy consumption is reported due to unreasonable scheduling schemes and long decision times. Herein, this paper presents a new method to achieve optimal scheduling schemes effectively, including the head allocation of CPSs, the number of running pumps, and pump blade angles. A double-layer mathematical model for a WDS was established with the goal of achieving minimal energy consumption, considering the constraints of flow rate, water level, and the characteristics of pump units. The inner-layer model was used to obtain scheduling schemes of single-stage pumping stations, as well as the water levels and flow rates of water channels, while the outer-layer model was used to optimize inter-stage head allocation. An improved wolf-pack algorithm (IWPA) was proposed to solve the model, using a Halton sequence to obtain the uniform initial population distribution and introducing simulated annealing (SA) to improve the global searchability. Moreover, an idea for a pre-established scheme library was suggested for inner-layer models to obtain the solutions in real time with less calculation workload. Taking an actual project as a case, in contrast with the actual schemes, the optimal scheduling method could result in energy savings of 14.37–20.39%, a CO2 emission reduction of 13–32 tons per day, and water savings of 0.14–18.34%. Moreover, the time complexity decreased to square order, and the CPU time of the optimal method was about 1% that of the traditional method. This study provides an efficient method for the high-value utilization of energy and water resources for a WDS.

Acid Dosing Increases Recoverable Phosphorus during Different Occupancy Conditions in Full-Scale Urine Diversion System

Acid Dosing Increases Recoverable Phosphorus during Different Occupancy Conditions in Full-Scale Urine Diversion System

Study on the stability and ultra-low frequency oscillation suppression method of pumped storage power plant with dual units sharing one pipeline

This paper aims to investigate the stability of the pumped storage power plant (PSPP) with dual units sharing one pipeline (DUSOP) and the method of suppressing the ultra-low frequency oscillation (ULFO) characteristics. Firstly, four nonlinear models of pumped storage regulation system (PSRS) with DUSOP are established under the design scenarios of no surge tank, upstream surge tank (UST), downstream surge tank, and upstream and downstream dual surge tanks. Then the stability of the PSRS under different surge tank arrangements (STAs) in the long diversion system design scenarios (LDSDS) is comparatively analyzed. Finally, based on the concept of stability margin, the influence mechanism of the operating points on the ULFO characteristics is investigated in the LDSDS with UST, and the influence of the governor parameters, hydrodynamic parameters, and mechanical parameters on the damping ratio and frequency of the system is also analyzed. The results show that among STAs, the design scheme of arranging the UST is more reasonable for PSPP with LDSDS from the comprehensive consideration of the economy of the project and the stability of the system. For PSPP with UST, on the line of equal stability margin, increasing the proportional gain, reducing the unit inertia time constant, reducing the water flow inertia time constant, and appropriately increasing the area of the surge tank can increase the frequency and reduce the amplitude, which is conducive to the suppression of ULFO. In the stability domain range, increasing the proportional gain increases the frequency and the system stability increases and then decreases. Increasing the integral gain decreases the frequency and then increases the system stability. At the same time, the frequency of the unit can be changed by adjusting the parameters of the system to avoid resonance between the frequency of the unit and the frequency of the power grid and to ensure the stability and safety of the unit operation.

Innovative heat management method and metaheuristic algorithm optimized power supply-demand balance for PEMFC-ASHP-CHP system

The evolution of distributed building energy systems fuels the growing demand for sustainable energy solutions. In this paper, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP) were integrated to form PEMFC-ASHP-CHP systems in three combination methods, i.e., Direct Combination (DC), Parallel Combination (PC), Series Combination (SC). And compared the energy management strategies and power balance of the system. To further improve reliability and flexibility, a diversion PEMFC-ASHP-CHP system was proposed by combining PC and SC's system advantages. Additionally, an iterative algorithm addressed the mismatch between power supply and demand. An empirical formula was proposed to improve iterative convergence speed for practical control situations. The coefficients were optimized using six metaheuristic algorithms, and the outcomes were summarized into an optimized operational plane to enhance the system control response speed further. The results show that the PC method performs better than DC and SC. It achieves a power consumption reduction of 52.8% and a COP improvement of 111.4% compared with the ASHP system. Meanwhile, the diversion system can more effectively utilize waste heat from the PEMFC and further improve the system's performance. The Queuing Search Algorithm (QSA) demonstrates superior accuracy for coefficient optimization. By using the established empirical formula, the convergence speeds of global and local iterative methods are improved by 26.10% and 41.78%, respectively, compared to the direct iterative algorithm. Ultimately, the optimized operational plane can achieve a maximum 37.16% hydrogen consumption reduction compared to the unoptimized system.

Exploring school leaders’ and parents’ attitudes toward implementing an organizational system for academic diversity and inclusion in international schools in Egypt

Egypt has recently undergone significant educational reforms, granting children with disabilities the right to inclusive education and well-being as stipulated in the Arab Republic of Egypt’s Constitution and Ministerial Degrees. This qualitative study aimed to capture the current situation of inclusion in Egypt’s educational landscape and gather insights from school leaders (n = 2) and parents (n = 4) regarding the services provided to children with intellectual disabilities (ID) in two international schools in Egypt. Through semi-structured interviews, this study aimed to assess recent changes and efforts made in education reform to support inclusive practices for ID in international schools in Egypt. The study employed ecological systems theory (EST) to incorporate the framework into the thematic analysis of qualitative data, categorizing the school leaders’ and parents’ responses into four societal layers. The results revealed several challenges facing ID in Egypt, including inclusive leadership, teachers’ qualifications, support systems, and a sense of solidarity. The findings suggest that tailored interventions should be implemented to improve the educational outcomes of children with disabilities in inclusive settings.

Hydraulic transient calculation by wave tracking method for pumped storage power plant with four units in a diversion system

Abstract Hydraulic transient calculations are a key issue related to the operational safety of pumped storage power plants. Based on the new calculation method, wave tracking method, this paper establishes a calculation model for the hydraulic transient of pumped storage power plant, verifies the accuracy of the calculation model through hydraulic model experiments, and calculates the transient process of Guangdong Qingyuan pumped storage power plant. The results show that the calculation error is reduced by considering the difference of wave velocity of different branch pipes by wave tracking method. The wave tracking method is convenient to establish a calculation model of pumped storage power plant with four units in a diversion system, which is suitable for the load shedding transient regime of the turbine mode and the pump outage condition, and the accuracy is good. Wave parameters visually show the connection between flow rate, pressure changes within the water transmission system, and surge fluctuations in the regulator well throughout the hydraulic transition.

Positive-Incentive Noise.

Noise is conventionally viewed as a severe problem in diverse fields, e.g., engineering and learning systems. However, this brief aims to investigate whether the conventional proposition always holds. It begins with the definition of task entropy, which extends from the information entropy and measures the complexity of the task. After introducing the task entropy, the noise can be classified into two kinds, positive-incentive noise (Pi-noise or π -noise) and pure noise, according to whether the noise can reduce the complexity of the task. Interestingly, as shown theoretically and empirically, even the simple random noise can be the π -noise that simplifies the task. π -noise offers new explanations for some models and provides a new principle for some fields, such as multitask learning, adversarial training, and so on. Moreover, it reminds us to rethink the investigation of noises.

Cube-Evo: A Query-Efficient Black-Box Attack on Video Classification System

The current progressive research in the domain of black-box adversarial attack enhances the reliability of deep neural network (DNN)-based video systems. Recent works mainly carry out black-box adversarial attacks on video systems by query-based parameter dimension reduction. However, the additional temporal dimension of video data leads to massive query consumption and low attack success rate. In this article, we embark on our efforts to design an effective adversarial attack on popular video classification systems. We deeply root the observations that the DNN-based systems are sensitive to adversarial perturbations with high frequency and reconstructed shape. Specifically, we propose a systematic attack pipeline Cube-Evo, aiming to reduce the search space dimension and obtain the effective adversarial perturbation via the optimal parameter group updating. We evaluate the proposed attack pipeline on two popular datasets: UCF101 and JESTER. Our attack pipeline reduces query consumption and achieves a high success rate on various DNN-based video classification systems. Compared with the state-of-the-art method Geo-Trap-Att, our pipeline averagely reduces 1.6× query consumption in untargeted attacks and 2.9× in targeted attacks. Besides, Cube-Evo improves 13% attack success rate on average, achieving new state-of-the-art results over diverse video classification systems.

Researchers must address regulatory regimes to scale up adoption of urine diversion systems in the U.S.

Urine diversion (UD) is a system-of-systems that involves source separation of waste to maximize recovery of valuable nutrients, including phosphorus. Recent research shows how UD systems offer valuable ecological benefits and can aid in water conservation efforts, and public perception studies suggest that UD systems are generally viewed positively by end-users and the general public. Nevertheless, adoption and implementation of this promising sustainability solution remains limited in many countries, including the United States (U.S.). In this perspective, we argue that in order to scale up adoption in the U.S., UD researchers and innovators must do more to address regulatory barriers. We draw on insights from political science research on ‘regulatory regimes’ to introduce the array of regulations that apply to UD systems, with a focus on commercial and institutional buildings. We examine regulatory regimes all along the UD system-of-systems, beginning at the point of collection and ending at the point of beneficial reuse. We then propose next steps to address current regulatory challenges that impact adoption, with an emphasis on the importance of stakeholder coordination. Throughout, we argue that law and regulation plays a critical role in shaping adoption of UD technologies because: (1) different regulatory regimes will be important at different points in the system-of-systems, (2) there may be multiple regulatory regimes that apply to a single subsystem, and (3) it is important to consider that legal and regulatory definitions of a technology may not match scientific understanding.

The layout design of water diversion system in Zhaoqing Langjiang Pumped Storage Power Station based on front well drill method

Abstract The water diversion system of pumped storage power station is usually the subcritical line of engineering construction progress. It is easy to develop into a critical line due to the influence of uncertain factors in the construction process. In order to further ensure the construction progress of the project, the water diversion system of Zhaoqing Langjiang Pumped Storage Power Station was planned to adopt the fast front well drill construction method in the mining industry. In order to adapt to the construction technology of front well drill construction method, the layout design of the water diversion system was studied and optimized by considering the topography and geology, engineering layout, hydraulics, construction organization and other aspects. Finally, the appropriate layout scheme of water diversion system was drawn up.

The importance of diversity in local food systems: a network analysis of food-related interactions in the Indigenous food system on St. Paul Island, Alaska

Arctic Indigenous food systems are typified by diverse social interactions that maintain food security. Given the numerous challenges Arctic Indigenous communities face, it is important to understand diversity in these systems and how they are impacted by change. This study adopts a mixed methods approach that combines participatory methods with network analysis to assess the diversity of food-related interactions between different actor types in the mixed food system on St. Paul Island, Alaska. We conducted 36 interviews with local food system actors to identify current food security challenges and food-related interactions in the local food system. We used network analysis to investigate the diversity of interactions in the food system quantitatively. We simulated the effects of two key food security challenges (out-migration and knowledge loss) on food system diversity and explored interventions to increase diversity. Qualitative data from the same interviews were used to embed our results in the lived realities of the St. Paul Island community. Our approach reveals diverse interactions in the local food system, reflecting both subsistence and market-based elements of the St. Paul Island mixed economy. While both challenges threaten the system's diversity, out-migration presents a more immediate risk to food system diversity than knowledge loss. We advocate for targeting a combination of food system interventions at the community level to enhance food system diversity effectively. Our research contributes to understanding the importance of diversity for Arctic Indigenous food security and emphasizes the need to recognize the complex interactions between food system interventions and their implications for Arctic Indigenous communities.

Chronic Pediatric Headache as a Manifestation of Shunt Over-Drainage and Slit Ventricle Syndrome in Patients Harboring a Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion System: A Narrative Literature Review.

The main subject of the current review is a specific subtype of headache, which is related to shunt over-drainage and slit ventricle syndrome, in pediatric patients harboring an implanted shunt device for the management of hydrocephalus. This clinical entity, along with its impairment regarding the quality of life of the affected individuals, is generally underestimated. This is partly due to the absence of universally agreed-upon diagnostic criteria, as well as due to a misunderstanding of the interactions among the implicated pathophysiological mechanisms. A lot of attempts have been performed to propose an integrative model, aiming at the determination of all the offending mechanisms of the shunt over-drainage syndrome, as well as the determination of all the clinical characteristics and related symptomatology that accompany these secondary headaches. This subcategory of headache, named postural dependent headache, can be associated with nausea, vomiting, and/or radiological signs of slim ventricles and/or subdural collections. The ultimate goal of our review is to draw clinicians' attention, especially that of those that are managing pediatric patients with permanent, long-standing, ventriculoperitoneal, or, less commonly, ventriculoatrial shunts. We attempted to elucidate all clinical and neurological characteristics that are inherently related to this type of headache, as well as to highlight the current management options. This specific subgroup of patients may eventually suffer from severe, intractable headaches, which may negatively impair their quality of daily living. In the absence of any other clinical condition that could be incriminated as the cause of the headache, shunt over-drainage should not be overlooked. On the contrary, it should be seriously taken into consideration, and its management should be added to the therapeutic armamentarium of such cases, which are difficult to be handled.

Use of Phage Display and Other Molecular Display Methods for the Development of Monobodies.

Synthetic binding proteins are human-made binding proteins that use non-antibody proteins as the starting scaffold. Molecular display technologies, such as phage display, enable the construction of large combinatorial libraries and their efficient sorting and, thus, are crucial for the development of synthetic binding proteins. Monobodies are the founding system of a set of synthetic binding proteins based on the fibronectin type III (FN3) domain. Since the original report in 1998, the monobody and related FN3-based systems have steadily been refined, and current methods are capable of rapidly generating potent and selective binding molecules to even challenging targets. The FN3 domain is small (∼90 amino acids) and autonomous and is structurally similar to the conventional immunoglobulin (Ig) domain. Unlike the Ig domain, however, the FN3 lacks a disulfide bond but is highly stable. These attributes of FN3 present unique opportunities and challenges in the design of phage and other display systems, combinatorial libraries, and library sorting strategies. This article reviews key technological innovations in the establishment of our monobody development pipeline, with an emphasis on phage display methodology. These give insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying molecular display technologies and protein-protein interactions, which should be broadly applicable to diverse systems intended for generating high-performance binding proteins.

Benchmarks for urine volume generation and phosphorus mass recovery in commercial and institutional buildings

Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource and necessary nutrient for agriculture. Urine contains a higher concentration of P than domestic wastewater, which can be recovered by source separation and treatment (hereafter urine diversion). Commercial and institutional (CI) buildings are a logical location for urine diversion since restrooms account for a substantial fraction of water use and wastewater generation. This study estimated the potential for P recovery from human urine and water savings from reduced flushing in CI buildings, and proposed an approach to identify building types and community layouts that are amenable to implementing urine diversion. The results showed that urine diversion is most advantageous in CI buildings with either high daily occupancy counts or times, such as hospitals, schools, office buildings, and airports. Per occupant P recovery benchmarks were estimated to be between 0.04–0.68 g/cap·d. Per building P recovery rates were estimated to be between 0.002–5.1 kg/d, and per building water savings were estimated to be between 3 and 23 % by volume. Recovered P in the form of phosphate fertilizer and potable water savings could accrue profits and cost reductions that could offset the capital costs of new urine diversion systems within 5 y of operation. Finally, urine diversion systems can be implemented at different levels of decentralization based on community layout and organizational structure, which will require socioeconomic and policy acceptance for wider adoption.

English English

River diversion is a procedure carried out prior to constructing a dam. It is conducted by diverting water from the main river so that the main dam construction work can be executed at a specifically dry area. In Meninting Dam, the diversion system consists of two main structures, namely cofferdam and diversion tunnel that is equipped with a navigation structure at the upstream part of the tunnel. During the construction, cofferdam experienced overtopping on June 17, 2022. The overtopping most likely occurred because of the diversion tunnel’s inability to divert the actual flood effectively during the construction. Therefore, this research aimed to analyse the effectiveness of Meninting Dam’s proposed diversion tunnel against design flood discharge for a return period of 25 years. The data used in this research were the updated version of the ones used to design the whole construction of Meninting Dam’s diversion system, while the flow conditions along the diversion tunnel were analysed using HEC-RAS. At the same time, the analysis was also carried out using the Level Pool Routing Method as a comparison. The analysis results show that the design flood discharge for a return period of 25 years in Meninting Dam Watershed is 265,62 m3/s. This causes the water level along the diversion tunnel reach el. +165,95 m above sea level. Taking into account that the cofferdam crest elevation is at +170,00 m above sea level, it could be concluded that Meninting Dam’s proposed diversion tunnel, which is 4 m wide and 4 m tall is able to divert the design flood discharge for a return period of 25 years effectively. The investigation results in Meninting Dam Watershed show that the main cause of the overtopping was heavy precipitation. This caused the increasing water level at the upstream part of the cofferdam that resulted to its inability to function properly, taking into account that it was still under construction when it occurred

Generalized predictive control application scheme for nonlinear hydro-turbine regulation system: Based on a precise novel control structure

Generalized predictive control (GPC), which has excellent control performance and robustness, is only applicable to the control object that can be expressed in the transfer function and is difficult to be directly applied to the hydraulic turbine regulation system (HTRS) that contain extremely complex nonlinearity. Therefore, considering the practical application of GPC in a hydropower station containing the Francis turbine, the double models, real-time feedback linearization module, and a nonlinear characteristic compensator are designed, and a generalized predictive control strategy combining these modules (GPC-DM-RFLM-NCC) is proposed. Firstly, the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is improved based on the chaotic mapping and Levy flight, an accurate nonlinear hydraulic turbine model is constructed based on the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and improved SSA (ISSA), and an HTRS simulation platform with nonlinear characteristics is built by combining modules such as water diversion system, servo system, and generator. Then, the irrationality of the commonly used linear hydraulic turbine models in HTRS dynamic process simulation is verified through quantitative calculation. Furthermore, by combining the real-time feedback linearization method and ISSA-based nonlinear characteristic compensator, the GPC-DM-RFLM-NCC is proposed. Finally, the HTRS simulation platform, which consists of GPC, double models, real-time feedback linearization module, and nonlinear characteristic compensator, is built, and the applicability, reliability, and excellent robustness of the proposed GPC-DM-RFLM-NCC are verified by the real data of a hydropower station.

Implementasi Diversi terhadap Anak yang Berkonflik

The protection and welfare of children in the criminal justice system is the main focus of efforts to find alternative solutions that do not involve children in formal legal processes, such as imprisonment, which can have a negative impact on their development. Law No. 11/2012 on Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA Law) implements the concept of restorative justice through a diversion system. This study aims to understand the regulation of diversion under the SPPA Law and how it is implemented in the Batam District Court in handling children involved in legal problems. The research method used is empirical juridical. The implementation of diversion in Batam District Court aims to achieve restorative justice which emphasizes on recovery, providing opportunities, and children's awareness of their mistakes. The goal is to ensure children's growth and development rights are guaranteed by law. Although the implementation of diversion in Batam District Court is in accordance with the provisions of the SPPA Law, there are obstacles that make it less effective. From 2019 to 2022, 18 cases were eligible for diversion, but only 4 cases were successfully resolved using this method, while 14 other cases failed due to various obstacles and constraints accompanying its implementation.