Social Capital Diversity Research Articles

Social Capital and Social Adaptation in Surakarta Society with Low Socioeconomic Status in the Covid-19 Era

This study aims to illustrate the relationship between social capital and social adaptation in Surakarta society with low socioeconomic status in the Covid-19 era. This research is descriptive type, using qualitative research methods, which are conducted descriptively analytically, to describe the relationship between the concept of social capital and social adaptation. Informants were selected using purposive sampling, taken by 32 informants, which was determined based on the diversity of social capital in people who were in the category of low socioeconomic status. Data analysis is conducted interactively through data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. Primary data were collected representing variations in employment, education, marital status, and home ownership. Data was collected online using Google Forms instruments. To validate the correctness of the data on the relationship between the concept of social capital and social adaptation. Triangulation of sources was carried out, by presenting informants in Focus Group Discussion activities within 3 days. The collected data was processed using SPSS version 26 and displayed as a cross table. The results showed the diversity of findings, the presence of informants with high social capital, followed by social adaptation. Those with low social capital, followed by low social adaptation. However, an interesting finding found that those with high social capital but low social adaptation categories. In addition, found that even if informants had categorized low social capital, they were still able to survive with the support of high social adaptation.

Entrepreneurial social capital and cognitive model of innovation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the social origin of an entrepreneurial cognitive model of the innovation process.Design/methodology/approachThe specific research question is how an entrepreneur's social capital diversity influences the characteristics of his/her cognitive model of innovation – complexity and centrality. Data were collected in a survey conducted in two waves on a sample of 1,000 new ventures in the USA. Social capital is measured by the position generator method. Cognitive models are measured by the causal mapping method. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results of the regression analysis support both hypotheses. The analysis shows that social capital diversity at the startup stage increases the complexity and centrality of an entrepreneurial cognitive model of innovation.Research limitations/implicationsPossible limitations are: the low survey response rate; the spread of industries involved; and respondents being the sole data source. Future research could use multiple data sources, focus on a single industry or a set of related industries, and explore other determinants of the cognitive model of innovation.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurs should proactively build a diverse social network at the startup stage because it will positively affect their internal cognitive model of innovation. In the domain of public policy, initiatives such as encouragement of professional, regional, and international networks targeted to early‐stage entrepreneurs may help them build a diverse social network and ultimately shape their strategic actions in new venture innovation.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the research on mental models and entrepreneurship by studying the role of social relations in the formation of an entrepreneurial cognitive model of innovation. It reveals the positive impact of social capital diversity at the startup stage on the entrepreneur's cognitive framework of an information domain – the innovation process. In addition, empirical measures of latent constructs (complexity and centrality of cognitive models) were developed.

The Diversity of Social Capital in English Communities, 1300–1640 (with a Glance at Modern Nigeria)

The Diversity of Social Capital in English Communities, 1300-1640 (with a Glance at Modem Nigeria) Social capital was produced by many types of human interaction in the villages and market centers of later medieval and early modem England. Each of these communities contained at least a few formal organizations that performed legal, economic, religious, and/or charitable functions. Their activities were shaped by locally influential people, mainly men, who possessed no great wealth or status when viewed from the national level but were economically self-sufficient-working from 20 to Ioo acres of land or operating as craftspeople-and respected by their neighbors. The social capital generated by these organizations was of benefit not only to their own members but also externally. It was transportable and convertible, able to be carried from one group or setting to another, and it contributed to the growth of the lateral and vertical ties (both institutional and ideological) that were necessary to the emergence of a national state. Although most of these bodies were not voluntary organizations, they, and the social capital that they created, were similar to the associations studied in most of the other essays in this volume, including their implicit emphasis on men. This resemblance emphasizes that the history of community institutions that produced beneficial social capital must be traced far beyond the emergence of civil society in the eighteenth century and beyond even the Renaissance Italian city-states.1