Diversity Of Gastropods Research Articles

The molecular phylogeny of Caenogastropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda) based on mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes

Comprising about 60 % of gastropod diversity, caenogastropods display almost all kinds of shell forms and include many commercially important marine groups. Although the monophyly of Caenogastropoda has been widely accepted, thier internal phylogenetic relationships remain unclear. In the present study, a total of 27 caenogastropods belonging to eight superfamilies were sequenced and used for phylogenetic reconstruction. All newly sequenced mitogenomes adhered to the consensus gene order of caenogastropods, except for those of Vanikoroidea, Vermetoidea and Cerithioidea, which involved protein-coding genes. The reconstructed mitogenomic phylogeny suggested the monophylies of Architaenioglossa, Sorbeoconcha, Hypsogastropoda and the siphonate clade. The present study also identified a close affinity among Cypraeoidea, Ficoidea, Tonnoidea, and Neogastropoda, supported by the presence of a pleurembolic proboscis. The monophyly of Neogastropoda was not supported, as Cancellariidae was found to be sister to the limpet-shaped group Calyptraeoidea, and (Tonooidea + Ficoidea) were sister to the remaining neogastropods. This study provides important information for better understanding the evolution of caenogastropods, as well as for the protection and utilization of these diverse and economically significant marine resources.

Diversity of Gastropods in The Mangrove Forest Area of Ujung Kulon National Park

Various kinds of reseources in coastal areas are very important for us to maintain sustainability. We can find coastal area with varios kinds of ecosystems in Ujung Kulon National Park. This study aims to determine the diversity of gastropods in the mangrove forest area of Ujung Kulon National Park. Sampling used the line transect method and the purposive sampling method with low tide conditions. Sampling was carried out at three stations which are divided into three transects at each station. The transect line was drawn along 50 m with each transect made 5 plots with a size 1 x 1 m2 with a distance between plots of 10 m. This research was held in May-June 2021. The data analysis includes the index values of diversity, dominance, evenness, and abundance. The results of the gastropod obtained consist of 20 species from 7 different families so that diversity index value were included in the medium category with the highest diversity index value owned by station 1 with a diversity index value of 2,03 and the lowest diversity index value owned by station 3 with a value of 1,56. The gastropod abundance index value has an average value of 273 ind/m2.

Impact of Mining of Marine Gastropods Habitat: Basis for Information Education Communication(IEC) for Environmental Sustainability

An alarming socio-economic and environmental impact of mining in the Municipality of Carrascal, Surigao del Sur led to this study. It is important to assess the impact of mining on marine habitats and the diversity of gastropods in the area. The collection of gastropods is done in the selected four sampling areas, which include Brgy. Adlay, Brgy. Caglayag, Brgy. Dahican, and Brgy. Gango. Based on the sampling, 228 marine gastropod species were collected, consisting of 53 genera belonging to 10 families. The findings highlight the low diversity of the marine gastropods in the study area as the diversity index is less than 1.99. In addition, the physico-chemical parameter assessment of the study area reveals conditions ranging from slightly alkaline water with low oxygen content to very warm temperatures. These conditions suggest a delicate balance in the aquatic ecosystems, which could be sensitive to changes and affect marine gastropod populations and distributions. With regards to the average concentration of nickel (mg/kg) sediments as a result of the mining activities in the study area, the atomic absorption spectrophotometry result shows that Brgy. Gango is heavily polluted in comparison to other sampling areas. Additionally, the multiple regression analysis reveals that there is a positive and significant association between the nickel concentration and the diversity of gastropods in Brgy. Gango. This could indicate that some gastropod species, specifically those that are found in areas with high nickel concentrations, have acquired tolerance to nickel pollution. However, the regression analysis reveals that in the other sampling sites, such as Brgy. Adlay and Brgy. Caglayag, the presence of nickel sediments as a result of mining activities has a negative and significant impact on the marine habitat and diversity of gastropods. The findings suggest the importance of developing an information education and communication program addressing the negative impacts of mining and promoting environmental sustainability in the research locale.

Diversity of bivalve and gastropod species in mangrove restoration areas

Bivalvia and gastropods are two types of mollusks found in mangrove habitats. This group of mollusks performs a vital function in their environment, including serving as a biofilter and decomposing organic waste. The abundance of bivalves and gastropods in their natural environment is presumed to have been impacted by deforestation and restoration processes in mangrove ecosystems. Therefore, this study was conducted to collect information about the composition and variety of bivalves and gastropods in the mangrove restoration area of Bagan Serdang village in North Sumatra. This research was conducted using the plot method with a plot size of 2m x 2m. Observation plots are created along specified paths with alternate placements. According to the findings, up to 19 types of mollusks were discovered at the study site. This investigation discovered 14 snail species and 10 gastropod families. The other five species are Bivalvia from four different families. M. strigata has the greatest density of 0.26 and the highest relative density of 3.90%. At the study site, the bivalve and gastropod diversity index was moderate (2.127), the evenness index was high (0.722), and the dominance index was low (0.211). It is highly recommended to continue to promote vegetation species at the study location in order to improve bivalves and gastropod species and numbers.

LAND SNAILS AND SLUGS (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) IN THE INTERNATIONAL LOADING AND UNLOADING AREAS OF PANAMA

This study aims to identify the species of land snails and slugs that may invade Panama through the loading and unloading sites of national and international merchandise in Panama City and Colon, along with their probable places of origin. The investigation also considers the ecological, economic, and health impacts of these potential invasive species. Between September 2008 and September 2009, sampling was conducted at the main seaports and airports of Panama City and Colon, including their containers, warehouses, and surrounding natural habitats. The study utilized GPS for accurate location marking, and sampling occurred twice a week. Specimens were collected, with live material fixed in 70% alcohol, and slugs dissected for identification through sexual organs. Taxonomic identification involved conchological characteristics and expert consultation, with the data analyzed for species abundance correlation with precipitation and humidity. A total of 2379 individuals were collected, identifying seven species across nine genera and four taxonomic families, with the Subulinidae family being the most abundant. Notably, Praticolella griseola, an agricultural pest, and Hapiella w. f. decolorata were new records for Panama. The study found species richness and abundance correlated with rainfall but not relative humidity. The research highlighted the quarantine importance of several species due to their roles as pests and vectors of diseases like Angiostrongylus cantonensis and A. costarricensis. Panama hosts a moderate ecological diversity of gastropods, with certain species posing significant risks to agriculture, public health, and native ecosystems. The study underscores the necessity for ongoing surveillance and management of non-native mollusk introductions, particularly in a global trade hub like Panama. Identifying and understanding the distribution of invasive gastropods are crucial for developing effective control measures and mitigating their impact on the environment and human health.

GASTROPOD DIVERSITY AS A BIO-INDICATOR OF AQUATIC POLLUTION IN SIRONJONG GADANG ISLAND PESISIR SELATAN DISTRICT

This study aims to determine the diversity of gastropods and water conditions on Sironjong Gadang Island, Pesisir Selatan Regency. This research was conducted in August 2022 in the waters of Sironjong Gadang Island and the Marine Biology Laboratory and Marine Chemistry Laboratory of the Department of Marine Science, Universitas Riau. The method used in this research is the survey method, which is direct observation of the research area and sampling and measurement of water quality parameters in the field. The results of the study found gastropod species consisting of 4 (four) families, 4 (four) genera, and 8 (eight) species. The diversity value (H') was at a moderate level of diversity. The highest gastropod density was found at Station I, with a density value of 16.33 ind/m², and the lowest density was found at Station III, with a density value of 13.89 ind/m². The highest relative density was Monodonta labia species, with a relative density value of 27.6%, while the lowest relative density was Haustrum-scoring species, with a relative density value of 3.3%. Temperature 28-29˚C; salinity 25-27 ppt; pH 7.91-7.95; brightness 1.55-2.65 m. The sediment type at Station I was dominated by muddy gravel, Station II was dominated by sandy gravel, and Station III was defeated by sandy gravel with a total sediment organic matter content of 6.10-10.05%.

Studi Keragaman dan Habitat Gastropoda di Daerah Litoral Muara Sungai Ketahun Bengkulu Utara

This research aims to identify the abundance, diversity, dominance and evenness of gastropods at the mouth of the Ketahun River, North Bengkulu. The method used is the "purposive" method. The sampling location was divided into 4 (four) stations, namely in the tidal area and on the right and left in the downstream part of the estuary. The sampling technique uses transects, at each station measuring 20m. Gastropod data analysis uses the Shannon Wiener index, Simpson index, and Pielou index. The research results showed that at the mouth of the Ketahun river, 18 species of gastropods were obtained consisting of 7 genera and 3 families. The diversity index shows, a) station I has an index value of 1.81 (medium category); b) station II has an index value of 0.49 (low category); c) station III has an index value of 1.89 (medium category); d) station IV has an index value of 0.82 (low category). The dominance index shows, a) station I has an index value of 0.23 (low category); b) station II has an index value of 0.70 (medium category); c) station III has an index value of 0.19 (low category); d) station IV has an index value of 0.63 (medium category). The evenness index shows, a) station I has an index value of 0.62 (high category); b) station II has an index value of 0.17 (small category); c) station III has an index value of 0.65 (high category); d) station IV has an index value of 0.28 (small category). The most common gastropod found is the genus Clithon with a total of 1369 individuals. Abundance, diversity, dominance and evenness are determined by abiotic parameters and environmental conditions such as substrate and water quality. Keywords: Bengkulu, Gastropods, Ketahun River

Měkkýši přírodních památek V Krátkých a Lom Rasová v CHKO Bílé Karpaty [Molluscs of the V Krátkých and Lom Rasová Nature Monuments in the White Carpathians PLA

The V Krátkých Nature Monument (NM) comprises of landscape mosaic of meadows, groves, spring fen and wetland while the Lom Rasová NM is a former sandstone quarry with open and forested areas. Both are situated near Vápenice village in the White Carpathians. In total, 44 species (40 terrestrial gastropods, 3 aquatic snails and 1 bivalve) were found in V Krátkých NM. Three species are listed in the Red List of Threatened Species: Daudebardia brevipes (VU), Lehmannia carpatica (NT) and Bythinella austriaca (NT). Most diversity consists of forest species, followed by eurytopic and hygrophilous species. The spring fen is the most species-rich habitat, as hygrophilous, eurytopic and forest species are present. To retain the favourable conservation status, extensive kettle grazing or mowing of the fen and meadows is suggested while the groves should remain in a non-intervention regime with possible subtle intrusion of broadleaved trees. In the Lom Rasová NM, 18 terrestrial gastropod species were recorded (aquatic malacofauna was not surveyed). All species are common and widespread, and their composition is a mixture of predominantly forest, euryvalent and open-country taxa. To support gastropod diversity, the broadleaved groves should remain in a non-intervention regime, while deciduous trees should be replaced with broadleaved species and overall habitat diversity should be supported.

Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Gastropods on Kupang Beach, Seruway District

Seruway is one of the sub-districts in Aceh Tamiang, which is located in the coastal area. This coastal area is dominated by mangrove species, where the mangrove area is used as a habitat for aquatic biota animals, one of which is gastropods. Gastropods are soft-bodied animals that have threaded shells. This research aims to determine the value of the species diversity index and distribution patterns of gastropods in Kupang Beach, Seruway District. This research is a type of quantitative descriptive research with sampling using a survey method. Sampling was taken using transects. Sampling was divided into 3 stations, namely the first station in the mangrove area, the second station in the beach area and the third station in the pond area. Each station consists of 4 transects measuring 50 meters, each transect has 4 plots measuring 10x10m. Samples that are obtained will be identified using an identification book. The research results showed that the number of gastropod species found was 17 species from 9 families with a total diversity index value at the research location, namely H'= 2.405, which is classified as medium. The distribution pattern of gastropods on Kupang Beach falls into two categories, namely the uniform category 59% and the undefined category 41%.

KEANEKARAGAMAN GASTROPODA DI PADANG LAMUN PERAIRAN PANTAI DESA RUTONG

Background: Gastropods are included in the mollusk phylum which is one of the non-fish biological resources that has quite high biodiversity. The gastropod community is an important component in the food chain in seagrass beds, where gastropods are detritus feeders. Methods: This research was conducted in seagrass beds in the waters of Rutong Village Beach in June-July 2022, using the quadrant linear transect method. The distance between transects is 25 meters with a total of 5 transect lines, each transect line has 10 plots and the distance between plots is 10 meters. Diversity of gastropods using index index formula, Evenness and Richness. Results: The results of measurements of environmental factors, namely temperature 29; pH 7.8; Salinity 34‰; DO 7.9 μg/l; Gastropod research results obtained 987 individuals consisting of 10 orders, 18 families, 22 general and 34 species. The index value of Diversity (H') is 1,394, the evenness index (E) is 0,395, and the wealth index is 4,786. Conclusion: Environmental factors in the seagrass bed of the coastal waters of Rutong Village are good for sustaining the life of gastropods; The types of gastropods found were 34 species; The Diversity Index (H') is moderate, the Evenness Index (E is low, and the Wealth Index (DMg) is moderate

Terrestrial pest gastropod diversity and spatiotemporal variations in highland agricultural lands of Sri Lanka

Terrestrial pest gastropod diversity and spatiotemporal variations in highland agricultural lands of Sri Lanka

Mangrove gastropod distribution based on dominant vegetation classes and their relationship with physicochemical characteristics on fringe mangroves of Lembongan Island, Bali, Indonesia

Abstract. Ernawati NM, Dewi APWK, Sugiana IP, Dharmawan IWE, Ma’ruf MS, Galgani GA. 2024. Mangrove gastropod distribution based on dominant vegetation classes and their relationship with physicochemical characteristics on fringe mangroves of Lembongan Island, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 156-166. Mangrove ecosystems are important in supporting diverse marine life, offering refuge, reproductive grounds, and sustenance to various species. However, mangroves possess distinct zoning patterns determined by dominant species due to environmental variations that significantly impact the biodiversity of biota, particularly gastropods. A study on the Indonesian island of Nusa Lembongan revealed distinct communities of coexisting gastropod species in each mangrove vegetation zone. We discovered 29 distinct species of mangrove gastropods, with the Sonneratia mangrove zone having the most and the Lumnitzera zone having the least. Certain species, including Amphidromus perversus, Cerithium adustum, and Echinolittorina sundaica, were detected in only one of the mangrove zones. In each mangrove zone, the composition of gastropod species changed depending on the substrate type, e.g., soil, mangrove trunks, or mangrove leaves. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index values range from low to high diversity, and the community structure index values in mangrove zones vary. The evenness index varied by region, with Avicennia, Bruguiera, and Sonneratia having the highest index value. The findings indicate that mangrove vegetation zones are essential for maintaining diverse gastropod populations, with distinct composition and abundance patterns influenced by the distance of each mangrove zone from the ocean. This data may influence conservation efforts to preserve mangrove habitats and the diverse array of organisms that depend on them.

Assessment of terrestrial snails’ diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient

This study aims to investigate the diversity of terrestrial gastropods in west-central Morocco. It also examines how elevation and other abiotic factors affect the distribution and composition patterns of said malacofauna. The sampling covered six different forest sites with thirty stations spanning on an altitudinal gradient that ranges from 24 to 2434m. The influence of abiotic factors on species richness and abundance was evaluated via the Pearson correlation. The Shannon index evaluated the malacofaunal diversity within each station. Whittaker’s index assessed heterogeneity of each forest site. The similarity between the forest sites was determined by multivariate analyses; namely the Jaccard index and the Nonmetric Multi-Dimentional Scaling analysis (NMDS). A total of 31312 specimens representing 30 species were recorded. Low altitude stations display the highest values of diversity and uniformity, while the highest altitude stations present the opposite trend. The NMDS analysis revealed that the elevation and vegetation type represent the principal factors affecting the distribution of land snails in the six forest sites.

Gastropod Species Diversity in The Mangrove Bale Area of Poton Bako East Lombok

Gastropoda is a class with the biggest number of species, since a class of Mollusca phylum is generally effectively adjusted to different sorts of marine and freshwater territories to earthbound conditions. So a study was conducted on the diversity of Gastropoda species in the Bale Mangrove Poton Bako East Lombok area with the aim of knowing the types of gastropods that exist in the area. The method used in this study is the quadrat transect method. The results of research on the diversity of gastropod species in the Bale Mangrove Poton Bako East Lombok area found 6 species of Gastropoda including Cerithidea sp, Telebralia sulcata, Nerita undata, Telescopium telescopium, Chicoreus capucinus, Indothais gradate. The average diversity index value of the three stations is H′ = 1.41262991 which means that the diversity of Gastropods in the Bale Mangrove Poton Bako Area of East Lombok is moderate diversity.

Correlation of some water quality parameters and Pb in sediment to gastropod diversity in Ambon Island Waters

The coastal waters of Ambon Island have quite diverse ecosystems that allow for the presence of various organisms, one of which is gastropods. This study aims to analyze the correlation of some water parameters and Pb in sediment to the diversity of gastropods. The research method was carried out by observing the density, water quality parameters, and Pb metal in sediments. Water parameters were measured in situ and analyzed in the laboratory. The distribution of gastropods was analyzed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). At the same time, the correlation analysis was carried out using the Pearson correlation approach using SPSS v.16. The results showed that the types of gastropods with the highest density in the waters of Ambon Island were Terebralia sulcata, Hebra corticata, and Nerita patula. While the species with the lowest density value were Nassarius olivaceus, Polinices didyma, Lunella cinerea, Conus eburneus, Cypraea isabella, Vexillum plicarium, and Columbella scripta. The Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index ranges from 1.253–2.622, and the diversity index ranges from 0.083-0.207. It was included in the low category caused by the disturbance of water pollution and Pb metal in sediments. Meanwhile, the dominance index ranged from 0.098 to 0.511 indicating species dominance at several observation stations. The waters' physical-chemical parameters strongly correlating with gastropod diversity are DO and Pb, with respective correlation values ​​of r = 0.656 and r = -0.785.

Diversity and density of marine intertidal gastropods in tropical seagrass beds at Oransbari Bay, South Manokwari - West Papua

Gastropod communities are one of the important components of the food chain in seagrass meadows. This study aims to investigate the diversity of gastropods in the distribution of the seagrass beds at Oransbari Bay. This study was carried out in November 2022, using the line transect method. Data collection is carried out at three stations, where each station is divided into three transects. A total of 36 species consisting of 16 families and 5 orders, were recorded in this study. The total density of gastropods found in the waters of Oransbari Bay ranged from 5.77-9.43 ind/m2, with an average of 6.99 ± 2.10 ind/m2. Conus sp. has the highest density value of any gastropod. Meanwhile, for seagrasses, five species from four clans and two families were obtained. The percent cover of seagrass ranges from 17.05 ± 3.30% – 58.90 ± 22.90% with an average of 40.18 ± 21.3%. Halophila minor and Thallasia hempricii showed a positive correlation with gastropod density. The value of the gastropod diversity index is in the medium category, the gastropod evenness index is in the stable category, and the gastropod dominance index is in the low category. The results of this study provide a base for a proper gastropod checklist at Oransbari Bay. Future research is recommended that involves a more detailed studies on the feeding ecology and habitat preference of the gastropods.Keywords:DiversityDistributionGastropodsSeagrass bedsOransbari bay

Freshwater Gastropod Diversity in The Selected Lotic Environment, Betong, Sarawak, Borneo

Freshwater Gastropoda can be considered as the biological indicator in ecosystems such as rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds. The objectives of this study are to identify freshwater gastropod species, diversity, and distribution along Sungai Penebak, Sungai Nanga Tiga, and Sungai Kabo in the Betong division. The study was conducted on 10 November 2020. A 50 m transect was laid on the riverbank of all three stations. The existing specimens were counted and collected from each sampling point and stored were taken to the laboratory for species identification. The diversity index and morphological study of freshwater gastropods were performed. Five species of freshwater gastropods belonging to four families were discovered. The five species of freshwater gastropods consisted of Sulcospira pageli, which shows great abundance, followed by Clea nigricans, Brotia costula, Pila ampullacea, and Vittina pennata. The diversity indices of collected Gastropoda species from the different stations, for instance, Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H’), Pielou’s evenness index (J’), and Margalef’s richness index were assessed; where station 3 showed higher diversity of Gastropoda compared to other two stations. The information presented in this paper might be helpful for ecological wealth studies and considered as the baseline data for the stream ecosystem in Sarawak, Malaysia.

Diversity of marine macro molluscan bivalves and gastropods in the intertidal areas of Barangay Paniman, Caramoan, Camarines Sur, Philippines

There have been very few studies on mollusk diversity in remote areas of the Philippines. The coastal areas of Caramoan, Camarines Sur, are ideal for studying marine molluscs because they have been discovered to be abundant, diverse, and essential to the locals’ livelihood. However, due to the remoteness of the mentioned area, this lack of information remains scientifically lacking. Thus, this study aimed to determine the diversity of marine macro-molluscan bivalves and gastropods in the intertidal areas of Barangay Paniman, Caramoan, Camarines Sur, Philippines. Purposive sampling and transect methods assessed the species composition, abundance, and occurrence of marine macro bivalves and gastropods. The Shannon-Wiener index was used to determine the area’s diversity. A total of 557 individual molluscs were sampled and classified, obtaining 43 species of bivalves from 32 genera and 18 families and 47 species of gastropods from 34 genera and 20 families. The family Veneridae had the highest among the bivalves, and the family Strombidae had the highest species richness among the gastropods. This study provided baseline information on the status of marine macro molluscan bivalves and gastropods in the intertidal area of Barangay Paniman, Caramoan, Camarines Sur, Philippines. As a result, this will provide solid empirical evidence for conservation and sustainability plans.

Species composition of terrestrial gastropods in an urban conservation area: Cibinong Botanical Garden

A study conducted in the Cibinong Botanical Garden (CBG) aimed to reveal the diversity of terrestrial gastropods. The CBG is an ex-situ conservation area for plants and has become the green space in urban ecosystems. The area is located near the city centre and only a few kilometers away from the cement industry. Research of land snails in CBG was carried out in January 2020 and March 2023. Five plots of 100 m2 were observed using the time search method. In addition, 3L of soil and leaf litter per plot were sorted and sieved to collect micro snails. In a total of 131 specimens from four families were collected. We found a land snail species endemic to Java, Landouria sp. and invasive alien species, Allopeas gracile, Allopeas clavulinum, and Lissachatina fulica. Based on iNEXT analysis, the number of species found in CBG had reached the maximum limit (SC=1). Shannon index value was 1.76 which implies low diversity. Further research is needed to understand environmental factors impacting land snail diversity in CBG. Regardless of the presence of invasive alien species, the CBG is a suitable habitat for land snails and plays an important role as a conservation oasis in urban ecosystems.

Keanekaragaman dan Distribusi Gastropoda Air Tawar di Sungai Ciapus, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Despite being part of food web and bioindicator in freshwater ecosystems, gastropods are globally jeopardized. Therefore, the occurence of freshwater gastropods need to be assessed. This research aimed to examine diversity and distribution of freshwater gastropods along the Ciapus River in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted from February to May 2020. Sampling was carried out within limited 15 minutes time period using five 1 × 1 m plots established at each of four survey stations. Gastropods were collected from the bottom of river, rock surface and riverbanks within 15-100 cm of water depth. Environmental parameters were recorded. Data was analyzed using biodiversity index parameters and diversity t-test. The survey collected a total 587 individuals from 7 species of freshwater gastropods. The abundance, species richness and diversity of gastropods in the Ciapus river were different between upstream and downstream, location with high altitude tend to have low number of species. Glyptophysa stagnalis became the only species recorded from upstream area. Meanwhile, there were 4 species, which were collected in other three stations and 2 species that recorded from two stations. In three stations, Tarebia granifera was the most dominant species.