Diversity Of Freshwater Fish Species Research Articles

Fishes of Cocibolca, the great Central American lake

The diversity of freshwater fish species from Lake Cocibolca (Nicaragua) is presented, describing the history of biological explorations in the lake from the first record in 1519, to the 52 species that are listed today. Information on current and future threats is also included.

Cryopreservation-Induced Morphological Changes in Freshwater Fish Sperm: A Systematic Review.

A systematic review was performed to summarize the scientific evidence and critically evaluate the effects of cryopreservation on sperm morphology in freshwater fish, and to assess the methodologies for sperm morphology classification. The search strategy was applied to four electronic databases (CAB Direct, Pub Med, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science). The main inclusion criteria involved studies on semen from freshwater fish subjected to the cryopreservation process and evaluation of sperm quality through morphology. The risk of bias was assessed with respect to randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, and selective reporting. A total of 6 publications reporting sperm cryopreservation from 4 species with a total 74 fish individuals were included in this review. A high methodological variability among the results of the studies was observed due to the species-specific protocols and diversity of freshwater fish species studied. All included studies reported negative effects of cryopreservation on sperm quality, especially morphology, highlighting the increase in incidence of sperm abnormalities. However, only five studies statistically compared abnormalities between groups (fresh and cryopreserved sperm). Our results suggest the need to elaborate on a new morphological classification of fish spermatozoa, by considering the structure and physiology of fish sperm. This classification should be developed based on the sperm characterization and observing damage caused by different cryopreservation protocols.

The Composition and Diversity of Fresh Water Fish in The Upstream of the Bedadung River, Jember District

The river is an irrational body of water from upstream to downstream. The upstream part of the river generally has a narrow width of the river flow, heavy air currents, the right and left banks of the river have vegetation trees, sandy rocky substrate types, and are located in the highlands or mountains. This character is also found in the Upper Bedadung River in the Argopuro Mountains. Characteristics in the upper reaches of the river are thought to affect the existence of creatures that live in it, such as fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition, dominance, and types of freshwater fish in the upper reaches of the Bedadung River, Jember Regency. The research method used is roaming method. The exploration was carried out at four research stations. The results showed that in the Upper S. Bedadung five species of fish were found including Channa gachua, Poecilia reticulata, Barbodes binotatus, Glyptothorax platypogon, and Nemacheilus fasciatus. The diversity of freshwater fish species in the upper reaches of the Bedadung River is moderate.

Identification of Diversity and Potential of Freshwater Fish Species in the Peatlands of Sembakung, North Kalimantan

Sembakung River is one of the important river ecosystems in North Kalimantan. Based on the parent material, the soils along the Sembakung river basin consist of peat soil and mineral soil. With its unique characteristics, this river has quite high potential resources in public waters, especially fish and other aquatic biota. The purpose of this study was to identify and identify the diversity of freshwater fish species that exist in peatland areas. Found 11 types of fish along the Sembakung River. These fish species come from Familia Siluridae, Cyprinidae, Cannidae, Eleotridae, Pangasiidae, Bagridae and Helostomatidae. The highest relative abundance (Kr) was the Salap beruntus (Barbonymus gornionotus). The most common type of fish found (Fi) was white Lais fish, 58.3% Fi and the least common were Toman (Channa micropelte), black Betutu (Oxyeleotris selheimi) and Red Betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata).

Peces de la región de la Amazonía Colombiana: composición de especies de los sistemas fluviales del bioma de selva húmeda

Abstract The Colombian Amazon region is part of the Neotropical rainforest (humid forest biome) covering an area of 483,163 km2 and includes tributaries of both the Amazon and Orinoco River basins. The aquatic ecosystems found there include: rivers and alluvial plains originating in Andean headwaters, on eroded soils of tropical forests in the lowlands, and Guiana Shield formations, comprising a dense fluvial drainage network in the lowlands, with Paleogene/Neogene geological formations (terra firme streams in higher places that don’t usually flood) and Paleozoic (shield streams); and Andean and Guiana Shield streams above 200–250 m a.s.l. We present here an exhaustive compilation of published information, supported by fish collections, consisting of a list of 1104 species distributed in 375 genera, 53 families, and 16 orders. We include occurrence data of these species in each sub-basin. The presence/absence species matrix was analyzed using a dendrogram and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis to identify patterns of similarity between basins and sub-basins. We evaluated species composition between basins and among the different geological origins using PERMANOVA. The dendrogram shows co-occurrences of 404 species in the two basins. It also shows two clear groupings of the sub-basins of the Amazon (except Guainía-Negro drainages) and those of the Orinoco. Within the Amazon Basin, there are two nodes according to the geological origin: systems of Andean origin and those of the lowlands. The dendrogram results are consistent with the NMDS analysis, which shows a clear grouping according to the connectivity of the basins; the Guainía-Negro is included in the Amazon basin. Species distribution patterns were supported by the PERMANOVA, and differed significantly between basins (F = 4.3, R = 0.26, P = 0.003) and geological origin (F = 3.6, R = 0.23, P = 0.003). The number of species in this study represents almost a fifth of the ichthyofauna of the Neotropics and about a third of that of the Amazon River basin; clearly supporting Colombia’s status among the countries with the greatest diversity of freshwater fish species of the planet. We include here a significant number of new records (75 spp), provide a first approximation of the distribution patterns, and a framework for future biogeographical studies.

Preserve the Diversity of Freshwater Fish Species at Son La Hydroelectric Dam after Nearly a Decade of Operation

Aims and Scope | Author Guidelines | Current Issue | Archive | Indexing | Editorial Board | Contact Us Volume 4 | Issue 5 | 2021 Title: Preserve the Diversity of Freshwater Fish Species at Son La Hydroelectric Dam after Nearly a Decade of Operation Author(S): Thuy Yen Dang and Le Thi Thu Hoa* Corresponding Author … Continue reading "International Journal of Education and Knowledge Management (IJEKM)"

Ecological separation by ecomorphology and swimming performance between two congeneric fish species

The high diversity of freshwater fish species reflects a great morphological plasticity. Understanding the relationship between swimming capacity, morphology and habitat use may be important to predict the chances of finding a species at an anthropized environment. The swimming capacity and morphological aspects of two sympatric species of Characidium, and for which spatial segregation in different hydraulic habitats is known, were compared in this study. Twenty-one individuals of Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt, 1867 and 23 individuals of Characidium cf. zebra Eigenmann, 1909 were captured and used for the evaluation of the swimming capacity and ecomorphological attributes. The swimming capacity of each species was obtained by measuring critical and relative velocities. A total of 12 ecomorphological attributes correlated with habitat use and swimming characteristics were also compared. The Mann-Whitney mean test showed that the swimming capacity of C. fasciatum was greater than that of C. cf. zebra, and the standard length of the individuals explained 12.42% of the variation in their capacity to withstand water flow. Both species were morphologically distinct in the relative length of the caudal peduncle, ventral flattening index and the relative area of the pectoral fin. The relative area of the pectoral fin alone accounted for 16.71% of the differences in the ability to resist the water flow and which were not explained by body length. Our results showed that two species differed in the ecomorphological space and in their swimming capacity, supporting the hypothesis that the greater the hydrodynamism, the better a fish is able to withstand the water flow, and that this capacity is correlated with the morphological characteristics linked to the swimming activity of the fish.

Freshwater fish diversity in three tributary streams in Serayu Basin, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Suryaningsih S, Bhagawati D, Sukmaningrum S, Sugiharto, Puspitasari IGAAR. 2020. Freshwater fish diversity in three tributary streams in Serayu Basin, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5811-5817. Determining the diversity of freshwater fish species in Central Java, Indonesia has been confounded by temporal and spatial limitations in past studies. The Serayu Basin is a large watershed in Central Java that is believed to have high freshwater fish diversity. We aimed to determine the diversity and community structure of freshwater fish species in three tributaries of the Serayu, elucidate the factors influencing this diversity, and determine the extent to which these tributaries contribute to the total freshwater fish species richness for southwest Central Java. We conducted gill net sampling from May to August 2018 on the Tulis, Mrawu, and Kali Sapi Rivers located at Banjanegara district Sampling followed a random group technique in upstream, midstream, and downstream river sections of each tributary. In total, we observed 21 freshwater fish species. Broadly, fish species diversity was relatively low in the study area, and water temperature and dissolved oxygen were important in maintaining fish diversity. These three tributaries house 27–46% of the freshwater fish species reported for southern Central Java.

The study on freshwater fish biodiversity of ukkadam (periyakulam) and valankulam lake from coimbatore district, tamil nadu, india

Wetlands of India preserve a rich variety of fish species. Globally wetlands as well as fauna and flora diversity are affected due to increase in anthropogenic activities. The present investigation deals with the fish bio-diversity of selected major wetlands Periyakulam famously called Ukkadam Lake, Singanallur Lake andSulur Lake of Coimbatore district fed by Noyyal River. Due to improper management of these lentic wetlands water bodies around Coimbatore district by using certain manures, insecticides in agricultural practices in and around these selected areas has polluted the land and these fresh waters creating hazards for majorvertebrate fishes which are rich source of food and nutrition, an important and delicious food of man. The results of the present investigation reveals the occurrence of 19 fish species belonging to 5 order, 8 families 18 species recorded from the Ukkadam wetland followed by Singanallur wetland with 5 different orders 7 different families and 14 species. Ichthyofaunal diversity of Sulur wetland compressed of 6 families with 14 species. The order Cypriniformes was found dominant followed by Perciformes, Ophicephalidae, Siluriformes and Cyprinodontiformes species in Ukkadam and Singanallur wetland lakes while in Sulur it was recorded as Cyprinidae > Cichlida > Ophiocephalidae > Anabantidae > Bagridae > Heteropneustidae. This study on the freshwater fish species diversity of these wetlands would help in explore the fish fauna status and estimate the factors that may need rectification for fish conservation and management.

The Diversity of Freshwater Fish Species in Way Sindalapai River, Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung

The diversity of freshwater fish in Way Sindalapai River is quite abundant but there has not been much study on the diversity of fish in Way Sindalapai River. This study aims to determine the diversity of freshwater fish species in Way Sindalapai River, Liwa Botanical Garden. The study began with a preliminary survey with a purposive sampling method and sampling was carried out at 3 sampling locations. The tools used in this study include fishing nets (gill nets), fishing rods, scoop, traditional fishing gear (raas), Global Positioning System (GPS), rulers, and cameras. The sampling points include upstream, middle, and downstream areas. The method used in sample identification is by measuring the morphometry of the samples directly at the sampling location which includes total length, standard length, head length, and height, and collection of fish samples photos. Research parameters and data analysis include environmental factors, the diversity index, the evenness index, and the dominance index. The results showed that 170 fishes were found, 8 species, 2 families, and 4 genera. The fish diversity index in the Way Sindalapai river is included in the medium category from the Shanon-Wiener index calculation results, starting from the upstream, middle, downstream, respectively 1.37; 1,34 and 1,22. Evenness index at all locations are included in the low category from the Shannon-Evenness index calculation results, respectively 0.16; 0.14; and 0.12. The dominance index at all locations is included in the low category based on Simpson's dominance index, which has a value of 0.35; 0.32; and 0.28. Based on the conservation status of the IUCN Red List, ichthyofauna in the Way Sindalapai river is 5 species of low risk (least concern) namely Barbodes microps (wader goa), Rasbora bunguranensis (seluang), Barbodes binotatus (wader cakul), Thynnichtys thynnoides (lumoh), Channa striata (bogo). One species that is critically endangered is Rasbora tawarensis (depik), and two species are lacking information (data deficient) namely Rasbora sumatrana (seluang), and Rasbora semilineata (seluang)

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS IKAN AIR TAWAR DI SUNGAI KEPARI DAN SUNGAI EMPERAS DESA KEPARI KECAMATAN SUNGAI LAUR KABUPATEN KETAPANG

Kepari village has two main rivers, namely Kepari River which is still surrounded by natural forests and Emperas River in which there is a former site of unauthorized gold mining. This research aims to collect data of the diversity of freshwater fish species in Kepari River and Emperas River, Kepari Village, Sungai Laur Sub-District, Ketapang Regency. Sampling point was carried out by making a sampling station that was placed by purposive sampling for the starting point and placed in the next station systematically. This researh was conducted at 2 (two) different locations and regions, namely Kepari River and Emperas River. Both locations were made 3 (three) stations or observation points, each with observation station length of 50 meters and interval per distance between stations of 200 meters. Each station was repeated 3 (three) times. Research results indicate that 60 species of fish caught in Kepari River and Emperas River are classified in 17 families. The highest number of species is 25 species of Cyprinidae family. Kepari River has 46 species of freshwater fish while Emperas River has 23 species of freshwater fish. The species that dominate Kepari River are Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Buing) and Osteochilus vittatus (Parau) while in Emperas River, the species are Trichogaster trichopterus (Empotar), Belontia hasselti (Kekopar) and Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Buing).Keywords: Diversity, Emperas River, Fish, Kepari River

Genetic Identification of Freshwater Fish Species Through DNA Barcoding from Lake Lebo Taliwang, West Nusa Tenggara

Lake Lebo Taliwang is one of the lakes in the West Nusa Tenggara with high freshwater fish species diversity. However, the species identification of freshwater fish species from Lake Lebo Taliwang using DNA barcoding is very limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify seven samples of freshwater fish species collected from Lake Lebo Taliwang based on COI mitochondrial gene as a DNA barcoding marker and establish library COI sequences of Indonesian freshwater fish. We are using a standard DNA analysis and data obtained from this study was then examined using Nucleotide BLAST and the phylogenetic tree was analyzed using the Neighbour-Joining (NJ) method with Kimura 2 Parameter (K2P) model. The results revealed that among the seven samples of freshwater fishes collected from the Lake Lebo Taliwang, three samples were identified as Anabas testudineus, the other three samples were Barbodes binotatus and one sample was Trichopodus trichopterus. The level of similarity of these freshwater fish samples referred to the database from the GenBank and BOLD was between 98-100%. The NJ tree supports the clade of each species identified in this study. This occurrence indicated that DNA barcoding by using the COI mitochondrial gene was proven to be able to identify the freshwater fish samples accurately.

STUDI IDENTIFIKASI KUALITAS AIR DAN JENIS IKAN AIR TAWAR DI SUMBER AIR PANAS DESA NYELANDING KABUPATEN BANGKA SELATAN SEBAGAI DASAR PENGELOLAAN POTENSI KAWASAN AIR PANAS UNTUK KEGIATAN PERIKANAN DAN WISATA

Hot springs in Nyelanding Village, South Bangka Regency, have the potential of geothermal resources that can be used as a potential energy source, moreover found several types of freshwater fish that utilize these hot springs as their natural habitat. The objectives of this study are to identify the water quality and diversity of freshwater fish species in the hot spring area of Nyelanding Village, South Bangka Regency; analyze the feasibility of water quality for fisheries and tourism activities; and analyzing fish growth patterns found at these locations. The results showed that there were two types of fish found in the hot springs of Nyelanding Village, which were Gabus Fish (Channa striata) and Sepat Fish (Trichogaster trichopterus). There are 6 hot water quality parameters Village Nyelanding included in standard class II PP 82 of 2001 include pH, COD, TSS, TDS, Nitrate and Total fospat, two parameters are not required (depth and ammonia), one parameter (temperature ) not in normal natural waters. The growth pattern of Gabus Fish in the hot water of Nyelanding Village is negative allometric with a growth coefficient of 2.076. In general, based on the analysis of water quality parameters, the Nyelanding Village hot water is suitable for biota life as well as aquaculture activities and tourist areas. For aquaculture, the recommended type of fish is eurythermal. However, their habit of draining the hot water pool Village Nyelanding made towards development of the area is less recommended for fishing activity, but preferably as a tourist area.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS IKAN AIR TAWAR DI SUNGAI DONG SANDAR DAN SUNGAI REMPANGI DI KECAMATAN SUNGAI LAUR KABUPATEN KETAPANG

Deforestation will affect changes in the condition of the waters of the protected and secondary forest watersheds that can affect in it biota . Fish have limited ability to choose areas that are safe for their lives, especially the environment that is very supportive for the availability of food sources. The fish population in the Dong Sandar River and Rempangi as well as the diversity of fish species in both rivers is unknown. The problem of this research is how the diversity of fish species in the Dong Sandar River and Rempangi River, Sungai Laur District, Ketapang. Research on the diversity of freshwater fish species in the Dong River between the protection of protected forests and the Rempangi River in the secondary forest of Sungai Laur Subdistrict, Ketapang District, West Kalimantan consisting of 20 stations each of which there are 10 observation stations conducted on May 1 - 21, 2018. The selection of observation stations is selected (purposive sampling) which is based on consideration of the conditions and conditions of the aquatic environment. The results of the research were 884 individuals from 50 species of 18 families with the use of scattered, pukat, seluak, bubu, temilar, sauk , and ambe exploration tools. The most types of fish obtained on the Dong Sandar River and Rempangi River consist of the Cyprinidae family (20 species), Bagridae family (7 species), Siluridae family (4 species). The diversity of fish species in the Dong Sandar River and Rempangi River in Ketapang Regency is relatively moderate (H '<3) with a diversity index (H') of 2.94, if H '<1 means low diversity, if 1 <H' <3 means moderate diversity and if H '> 3 means high species diversity. The dominant index (C) on the Dong Sandar River is 0.09 while in the Rempangi River 0.11, the range of dominant index values is 0 - 1 if the value C = 0 means that there are no types of fish dominating and if C = 1 means there are other types of fish dominating. The highest evenness index (E) is found in the Rempangi River of 0.77 and in the Dong Sandar River 0.76, it can be seen the range of evenness of species index 0-1 if the value E = 0 means low type evenness, and if the value E = 1 means evenness is relatively evenly. The species richness index (R) of the Dong Sandar River has abundant types of fish with a value of 7.26 while in the Rempangi River only 4.40. Evenness on both rivers is 57.53%.Keyword : Diversity, Dong Sandar River, Fish, Rempangi River

Identifikasi Keanekaragaman dan Potensi Jenis-Jenis Ikan Air Tawar Pulau Bangka

Characteristics of Bangka Island which is an archipelago region with high economic potential of marine and fishery resources, it is deemed necessary to conduct research on the diversity of freshwater fish to support the increase of economic, ecological and conservation value of freshwater fish resources. Because of considering the research especially freshwater biodiversity of fish is seldom doing in Bangka Island, this research need to done. The aim of this research is to compile and identify the diversity of freshwater fish species in Bangka Island and to identify the potential utilization of freshwater fish species in Bangka Island based on the characteristics of dichromaticism and dimorphism. There are 63 species of 24 families of freshwater fish in the waters of Bangka Island. 2 unidentified fish species. Family Cyprinidae is the most caught type of 18 individuals. Fish potential analysis shows that there are 26 species of fish with potential for consumption, 33 species of fish have ornamental potential, 5 types of fish have ornamental potential and consumption, and 1 species of unidentified fish potential. Analysis of water quality in three observation streams indicates that water quality is still good for fish life

Cryptic biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of the Kimberley endemism hotspot, northwestern Australia

The prevalence of unrecognised cryptic species impairs biodiversity estimates, clouds biological research and hinders conservation planning. As the rate of cryptic species detection increases globally, research is needed to determine how frequent cryptic species are, whether they are more common in given management regions, and whether these patterns are consistent across taxonomic groups. The Kimberley region in remote northwestern Australia harbours some of the most speciose, and morphologically and functionally diverse, endemic animal and plant communities on the continent. The rugged and changeable landscape also appears to contain a large proportion of cryptic terrestrial species, raising the question of whether similar patterns are also found among aquatic taxa, which have yet to be studied using integrative systematic approaches. If true, then the actual levels of aquatic biodiversity are yet to be fully realised. Here we conducted a molecular assessment of where species boundaries may exist in the Kimberley regions’ most speciose freshwater fish family, the Terapontidae (grunters), with a combined morphological assessment of the regions’ most speciose terapontid genus, Syncomistes. Assessment of nuclear markers (54 allozyme loci), sequence data (mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb); nuclear recombination activation gene one (RAG1)) and 31 meristic and 36 morphometric characters provides evidence for 13 new candidate species across three different genera. Many of these candidate species are narrow range endemics. Our findings raise several questions about the evolutionary origin of the Kimberley’s endemic fish fauna and highlight the likelihood that freshwater fish species diversity in the Kimberley is severely under-represented by current systematic frameworks, with significant implications for ecological research, conservation and management.

A cross-sectional study on water quality in relation to fish diversity of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India through geoinformatics approaches

Water parameters in different Community Development Blocks of Paschim Medinipur District have been studied with monthly interval from June-2013 to May-2016. Water samples collected from the different freshwater bodies of the study area are being analyzed. There has been a significant difference in water parameters among the 29 number of Blocks. The temperature varies from 29.1 °C to 35.9 °C, pH ranges from 6.2 to 8.5, DO ranges from 2.16 ppm to 4.9 ppm, and turbidity ranges from 9.86 NTU to 38.4 NTU. Through these present observations, total 76 freshwater fish species have been identified belonging to 8 orders, 23 families and 48 genera. The taxonomic status and conservation status have been scientifically classified and tabulated. Using GPS devices the areas of investigation have been geocoded and mapped through GIS technique which clearly shows that 5 Blocks have the highest, 12 Blocks have moderate and remaining 12 Blocks have lowest freshwater fish species diversity. Present study concluded that the fish culture in this district have high potential due to the existence of extensive aquatic bodies. Proper management, awareness and scientific culture practices may have better impact on ray-finned fish diversity in the Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal, India.

The imperiled fish fauna in the Nicaragua Canal zone.

Large‐scale infrastructure projects commonly have large effects on the environment. The planned construction of the Nicaragua Canal will irreversibly alter the aquatic environment of Nicaragua in many ways. Two distinct drainage basins (San Juan and Punta Gorda) will be connected and numerous ecosystems will be altered. Considering the project's far‐reaching environmental effects, too few studies on biodiversity have been performed to date. This limits provision of robust environmental impact assessments. We explored the geographic distribution of taxonomic and genetic diversity of freshwater fish species (Poecilia spp., Amatitlania siquia, Hypsophrys nematopus, Brycon guatemalensis, and Roeboides bouchellei) across the Nicaragua Canal zone. We collected population samples in affected areas (San Juan, Punta Gorda, and Escondido drainage basins), investigated species composition of 2 drainage basins and performed genetic analyses (genetic diversity, analysis of molecular variance) based on mitochondrial cytb. Freshwater fish faunas differed substantially between drainage basins (Jaccard similarity = 0.33). Most populations from distinct drainage basins were genetically differentiated. Removing the geographic barrier between these basins will promote biotic homogenization and the loss of unique genetic diversity. We found species in areas where they were not known to exist, including an undescribed, highly distinct clade of live bearing fish (Poecilia). Our results indicate that the Nicaragua Canal likely will have strong impacts on Nicaragua's freshwater biodiversity. However, knowledge about the extent of these impacts is lacking, which highlights the need for more thorough investigations before the environment is altered irreversibly.

Freshwater Fish of New River, Belize

Belize is home to an abundant diversity of freshwater fish species and is often considered a fishing paradise. The New River area is a popular freshwater fishing destination in the Orange Walk district of northern Belize. Here locals and visitors alike take to the lagoons and waterways for dinner or for good sportfishing. This 3-page guide highlights the most popular species in the area and will help people identify and understand these species. Written by Venetia Briggs-Gonzalez, Kyle Allen, and Frank J. Mazzotti, and published by the Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, November 2015.

Assessment of Freshwater Fish Assemblages and Their Habitats in the National Park Service System of the Southeastern United States

ABSTRACTThe southeast region of the United States contains the highest diversity of freshwater fish species in the country: approximately 662 species. Existing protected areas like units of the National Park Service (NPS) should reflect this biodiversity, but there has been no broad‐scale assessment. We compiled several data sets identifying native freshwater fish species distributions in and surrounding NPS units and threats to those resources. Focusing on the 26 NPS units containing only freshwater fish species, we documented 288 species within NPS boundaries. The largest NPS units tended to have the most fish species and aquatic habitat but also the greatest amount of alteration. Increasing rates of urbanization, declines in percentage agriculture land cover, and increased density of road–stream crossings in surrounding watersheds were good predictors of nonindigenous species presence within NPS unit boundaries. These results help document the role of NPS units in conserving freshwater fish diversity and, in this region, suggest that measures aimed at controlling urbanization in the adjacent watersheds could affect the diversity of freshwater fish communities in these units.