Diversity Of Dragonflies Research Articles

Diversity of Odonata in Hokersar Wetland- A Ramsar Site of Kashmir Himalaya, India

The present study was carried out from 2021 to 2023 to assess the diversity and seasonal distribution of odonates in the Hokersar wetland. A total of 18 species under 11 genera and four families were observed of which a high diversity of dragonflies were seen compared to damselflies. Libellulidae was found to be the most species-rich family followed by Aeshnidae. The most abundant species were Pantala flavescens (F) (11.98%), Crocothemis servilia (Drury) (11.35%) and Ischnura inarmata Calvert (11.09%). A change in diversity and abundance across seasons was observed with the highest being in summer followed by autumn, while absence during spring and autumn was seen, except for Sympecma paedisca (Brauer) found throughout the year.

Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Dragonflies in The Region Bagek Kembar Ecotourism, Sekotong

Dragonflies have an important role as environmental bioindicators, especially as indicators of the success of mangrove ecosystem restoration projects and their distinctive color has becomes an ecotourism attraction, so this research is important to do. This research aims to determine the diversity and distribution patterns of dragonflies in the Bagek Kembar Sekotong Mangrove Ecotourism area. This is an explorative descriptive study and was carried out between December 2023-January 2024. The research method used was catching dragonflies with insect nets following three transect paths along the river flow in the Bagek Kembar Sekotong Mangrove Ecotourism area. Analysis of species diversity data using the Shannon Wiener diversity index and calculation of the dragonfly distribution pattern index using the variance test. Based on the research results, 9 species of dragonflies were obtained, including 8 species of dragonflies (Anisoptera) and 1 species of dragonflies (Zygoptera). The diversity index (H') of dragonflies at the observation location is 1,866. The conclusion is that diversity of dragonflies at the research location is in the medium category. The distribution pattern of dragonflies at the research location shows that one Potamarcha congener species has a regular distribution pattern and the other 8 species that had groups distribution pattern.

Composition and Diversity of Dragonflies (Odonata) in Several Habitat Types in Lumajang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia

Composition and Diversity of Dragonflies (Odonata) in Several Habitat Types in Lumajang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia

Capung (Ordo: Odonata) di Kawasan Reklamasi Bekas Tambang Timah, Belinyu, Bangka

Dragonflies are bioindicator insects that are known to be sensitive to the environment and their existence is influenced by habitat conditions. The potential of dragonflies as a bioindicator for the success of reclamation efforts for former tin mining on Bangka Island needs to be studied. This research aims to record the diversity of dragonflies and damselflies in reclaimed land covering an area of ±15.25 ha and aged ±16 years as one component to enrich the criteria for assessing the success of revegetation of ex-tin mining land. This research was conducted in the rainy season, January-March 2023. For three weeks, Schnabel's visual encounter survey (VES) and capture-mark-release-recapture (CMRR) methods were chosen to observe five transect lines, respectively non-revegetation areas, horticultural and fruit revegetation areas, oil palm revegetation areas, kolong with tilapia fish, and kolong with human activities. This research recorded 19 species of dragonflies and 6 species of damselflies, or around 6.5% of the dragonflies and 2.0% of the damselfly species on the island of Sumatra. The most dominant species are Neurothemis fluctuans and Ceriagrion cerinorubellum. The number of species and number of individual dragonflies is thought to be related to the age of reclamation, and has the potential to be an indicator of the success of ex-tin mining reclamation land. Keywords:“Area Type”; “Bangka”; “Bioindicator”; “Dragonfly”; “Ex-Mined Land Reclamation”

Dynamics of Odonata in an Agroecosystem: Effects of Paddy Cultivation Phases on the Diversity of Dragonflies and Damselflies

Wetlands represent a major part of biodiversity and provide habitat to many species which cannot succeed in other ecosystems. Man-made wetlands like Paddy fields represent a greater percentage of wetland ecosystems in Sri Lanka. However, there are only a few studies that observed the Odonata diversity in man-made wetland ecosystems in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study was conducted to observe the effect of cultivation phases of a paddy-field ecosystem on the diversity of Odonata. The paddy culture period chosen for the study was started in June 2022 and ended in September 2022 and the study covered the Seeding, Tillering, Booting, Flowering, and Harvesting phases. Fixed-radius point count method was used for the data collection purpose and ten circular plots of 5m radius were laid maintaining a 50 m distance between two plots in the study area which had a total area of 785m2. At all five successive stages of the cultivation cycle, the number of Odonata species and their abundance were recorded once a week in each plot. Data was recorded each day from 8.00 am to 10.00 am and from 3.00 pm to 5.00 pm. Odonata diversity was calculated separately at each of the stages of the paddy cultivation cycle using Simpson‘s index (D) and Shannon- wiener index (H‘). According to results, 592 individuals were recorded belonging to 14 species of Odonata in 02 families. Among the total recorded species, 64% of species belonged to the family Libellulidae. Sri Lankan Orange-faced Sprite (Pseudagrion rubriceps ceylonicum) was the only endemic Odonata species that were recorded during the study. The overall H‘ and D diversity indexes were 1.71 and 0.75, respectively. Values of H‘ and D diversity indexes for these five stages (Seeding, Tillering, Booting, Flowering, and Harvesting) were 1.36 & 0.65, 1.59 & 0.72, 1.72 & 0.76, 1.81 & 0.79 and 1.59 & 0.78, respectively. The study revealed that among the index values of each cultivation phase, the flowering stage had the highest diversity, while the seeding phase showed the lowest diversity. Therefore, it is evident that the transformation of land use/habitat in different stages plays a major role in the diversity of Odonata. and this study can be used to depict the impacts on biodiversity due to the degradation of wetlands. 
 Keywords: Odonata, Paddy cultivation phases, Biodiversity, Man-made wetland

Diversity and abundance of dragonflies (Anisoptera: Odonata) on rice in Bhandara district (M.S.), India

Diversity and abundance of dragonflies (Anisoptera: Odonata) on rice in Bhandara district (M.S.), India

Population Dynamics of Dragonflies at The Paddy Field Ecosystem, Sidorejo, Central Bengkulu

The rice fields of Sidorejo Village have the potential for dragonfly diversity. This study aims to analyze fluctuations in the diversity and abundance of dragonflies in three ecosystem conditions of rice fields in Sidorejo Village, Bengkulu Tengah. Sampling using purposive sampling with the cruising method. Data analysis was carried out descriptively through the identification of characteristics to obtain the name of the species. After the species name was obtained, the relative abundance, Shannon Wienner diversity index, and species evenness index were calculated. The results of the study found that the harvest ecosystem had the highest diversity and abundance of dragonflies (13 species and 45 individuals). The species that were consistently found in three types of ecosystems were Orthetrum sabina, O. testaceum, and Pantala flavescens. The species with the highest relative abundance was O. sabina with 32%. The diversity index ranged from 1.32 (post-harvest) to 2.25 (harvest). The highest evenness index was in the post-harvest ecosystem at 0.95, and the lowest was in the harvest ecosystem at 0.87. The results of this study are expected to show that the diversity and abundance of dragonflies fluctuate depending on seasonal ecosystem conditions in the rice fields.

Impacts of climate change on dragonflies and damselflies in West and Central Asia

AbstractAimTo project the impact of climate change on dragonfly and damselfly diversity in West and Central Asia.LocationWest and Central Asia.Time period1900–2020 data used to predict distributions in 2070 and 2100.Taxon studiedOdonata.MethodsBased on 149,001 records, distribution models were created for 159 species using MaxEnt. Environmental variables consisted of climate variables taken from BIOCLIM, river data and soil data. The future climate data were obtained from CHELSA from CMIP6 climate models. The same variables were collected for three scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5) of shared socioeconomic pathways for the years 2050–2070 and 2080–2100. For each scenario and period, diversity maps were prepared for six species groups: all species, Lentic, Lotic, Oriental, Afrotropical and Palaearctic species.ResultsStrong declines in diversity are expected in western Turkey, the Levant and Azerbaijan, and to a lesser extent in parts of Iran and southern Central Asia. An increase is expected in eastern Turkey and at higher elevations in Central Asia with a limited increase throughout the Arabian Peninsula. In contrast to expectations, a decrease in areas with <15 species was found. Faunal composition is predicted to show strong shifts, with Palaearctic species declining and Oriental and Afrotropical species increasing. No clear difference between the trend of lentic and lotic species is found, although there are clear spatial differences in trend between these groups.Main ConclusionsClimate change will result in strong changes in diversity and distribution of dragonflies and damselflies in West and Central Asia with regional declines and increases. None of the species are predicted to go extinct based on the impact of climate change only, however, the combined impact of climate change and anthropogenic forces is likely to push some of the species to near extinction by 2100.

Diversity and Community Structure of Dragonflies (Odonata) in Various Types of Habitat at Lakarsantri District, Surabaya, Indonesia

Dragonflies are insects that are very dependent on the existence of freshwater ecosystems, However, the population of dragonflies in urban freshwater ecosystems is at risk due to a number of issues. Consequently, it is essential to carry out research and efforts to preserve dragonflies in urban areas. This study aims to provide information about the diversity and structure of dragonfly communities in various habitat types in the Lakarsantri, Surabaya. Data collection in this study was carried out in the habitat types of ponds, reservoir, river, and rice field in July to September 2021. The study results show there are 22 species from 4 families with a total of 827 individuals. Analysis of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed that the highest value of dragonfly diversity was found in a pond, with a value of H' = 2.40, and the location with the lowest value was a river, with a value of H' = 1.77. At four research locations that have different aquatic ecosystems, the community structure of dragonfly is also different. The composition of the dragonfly community structure at the reservoir location has similarities to a pond, and at a river location, it has similarities to a paddy field. Differences in abiotic factors consisting of light intensity, humidity, and temperature at each study location have a correlation with differences in dragonfly community structure. In addition, the composition of the vegetation at each location is also one of the factors causing differences in the structure of the dragonfly community.

Dragonfly Diversity in A Residential Environment

Dragonflies (Ordo Odonata) are attractive and colorful insects in aquatic and wetland ecosystems. Dragonflies have large, transparent and long wings which make them one of the most agile flying insects. Dragonflies are also one of the insects that are often used as water quality indicators. This study was to determine the diversity of dragonflies in three types of habitats and their correlation with environmental factors. The research was conducted in a residential area in Palembang City in November 2022 using the scan sampling method. The total number of dragonflies found was 18 species and 538 individuals divided into 2 suborders and 4 families. Orthetrum sabina dragonfly is the dominant dragonfly species found (136 sp). Meanwhile, Ischnura verticalis, Pseudagrion microcephalum, Agriocnemis rubescens and Nosoticta sp. is the rarest species of dragonfly to be found. The diversity value of the Shannon-Wiener index indicates that dragonflies prefer open habitats. Habitat shape and plant vegetation affect the number of dragonflies found, but does not affect the abundance of these dragonflies. The results of the analysis show that wind speed and temperature affect the presence of dragonflies during the observation.

A collecting trip to San José del Guaviare, Colombia, with the description of a new species of Perissolestes (Zygoptera: Perilestidae)

This study aims to preliminary assess the taxonomic diversity of dragonflies and damselflies from San José del Guaviare, Guaviare Department, Colombia. A total of 47 species were collected at five localities in different freshwater ecosystems during a field trip. We highlight three new species records for the country: Erythrodiplax tenuis Borror, 1942, Micrathyria spinifera Calvert, 1909, and Perithemis rubita Dunkle, 1982. Finally, a new species of Perissoletes is described from Guaviare and Casanare, Colombia.

Diversity of Dragonflies (Odonata) at Pancur Resort Alas Purwo National Park, Indonesia

Alas Purwo National Park is one of the conservation areas located in the east of the island of Java. Dragonflies are crucial to the ecosystem's equilibrium as predator, bioindicator, and vector for disease control. The sensitivity and presence of dragonflies affect the diversity of dragonflies in a habitat. This inventory can assist the Alas Purwo National Park with additional data and be a basis for making conservation policies. The study aimed to determine the type and diversity index of the dragonflies in this park. The sample location was determined using purposive sampling, and the sample conducted utilised road sampling. This research observed seven species: Orthetrum glaucum, Orthetrum chrysalis, Lathrecista asiatica, Potamarcha congener, Copera marginipes, Prodasineura autumnalis, and Nososticta insignis. The Libellulidae family had the most species; on the other hand, the Protoneuridae family had the fewest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H' = 1.6). Based on the criteria, the diversity index demonstrated moderate results. Pancur Resort Alas Purwo National Park provided a good environment and supported the survival of dragonflies.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS CAPUNG PADA BERBAGAI TIPE HABITAT DI DESA CIPEUTEUY KECAMATAN KABANDUNGAN KABUPATEN SUKABUMI

Dragonflies are insects that mostly live as nymphs and are related to aquatic habitats and act as bioindicators of environmental quality. The purpose of the study was to identify the diversity of dragonflies in various habitat types in Cipeuteuy Village. This study uses the line transect method measuring 100 meters with a width of 20 meters right and left and the duration of observation is 15 minutes per each observation line. The study was conducted in nite habitat types from 52 locations. The total dragonfly found were 13 species from four families. The highest dragonfly richness was found in the rice field habitat as many as 12 species and the lowest species was found in the citrus garden habitat as many as three species. The dominant species of dragonfly found in all habitat types is Rhodothemis rufa. The overall dragonfly diversity index was 2.56 and ranged from 1.10 to 2.48, and the evenness index ranged from 0.57 to 0.90.

Diversity of Palaearctic Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)

More than 1.2 million distribution records were used to create species distribution models for 402 Palaearctic species of dragonflies and damselflies. On the basis of these diversity maps of total, lentic and lotic diversity for the whole of the Palaearctic (excluding China and the Himalayan region) are presented. These maps show a clear pattern of decreasing diversity longitudinally, with species numbers dropping in the eastern half of Europe and remaining low throughout a large part of Russia, then increasing again towards Russia’s Far East and Korea. There are clear differences in diversity patterns of lentic and lotic species, with lentic species being dominant in colder and more arid areas. Areas with a high diversity of species assessed as threatened on the IUCN red list are largely restricted to the Mediterranean, Southwest Asia, and Japan, with clear hotspots found in the Levant and the southern half of Japan. The diversity at species, generic, and family level is higher in the south of Japan than in areas at a similar latitude in the western Mediterranean. This is likely to be the result of the more humid climate of Japan resulting in a higher diversity of freshwater habitats and the stronger impact of the glacial periods in the Western Palaearctic in combination with the Sahara, preventing tropical African lineages dispersing northwards.

Dragonflies (Odonata) in Cocoa Growing Areas in the Atlantic Forest: Taxonomic Diversity and Relationships with Environmental and Spatial Variables

In the south of Bahia state, a large part of the native Atlantic Forest areas has been modified for the cultivation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao). These crops are cultivated under the shade of the canopy of native trees, a system locally known as the “cabruca” agroforestry system. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of Odonata assemblages (adults and larvae) in cocoa farming areas and to identify the relationships of these species with local and spatial environmental variables of the monitored sites. Altogether, adult and larvae were sampled at 22 sites. Physical and physicochemical water variables were recorded for each site. A total of 1336 dragonflies were collected, of which 20 were Zygoptera species and 30 were adult Anisoptera representatives. The different life stages were related to environmental variables such as conductivity, watercourse channel width, and dissolved oxygen. The space predictors were also associated with the assemblages, mainly for adults. The present study identified that cabruca areas maintain a great diversity of dragonflies, including species that are considered to be forest specialists and more sensitive to landscape changes. The characteristics of this cropping system are considered to be favorable for the conservation of the biodiversity of the Atlantic Forest.

Diversity and abundance of Dragonflies in Harsul and Salim Ali Lake Region, in Aurangabad, Maharashtra (India)

The current study aimed to investigate the variety and number of dragonflies (Phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta) in the Harsul and Salim Ali Lake regions. The region around the Harsul and Salim Ali Lakes was examined for diversity and abundance. Three families and a total of nine different species of dragonflies were identified. Libellulidae was the family with the greatest abundance in our study, followed by Gomphidae, while Coenagrionidae had the lowest abundance. Gomphidae and coenogrionidae each have one species, while the Libellulidae family contains seven different species. We found that the dragonfly diversity is greatest in Area 1.

DRAGONFLIES DIVERSITY AND LAND COVER CHANGES IN THE BATUBOLONG RIVER, WEST LOMBOK DISTRICT

West Lombok District is the second largest district in Lombok Islands. The diversity of dragonflies (Order Odonata) as a bioindicator of environmental quality has not been widely studied in the West Lombok region. This study aimed to determine the species diversity of dragonflies (Order Odonata) found in Batubolong River, West Lombok District and its relation to the occurring land cover changes. This study was carried out by using a descriptive explorative method, where the sampling technique was done by means of line transects. Maps of study and sampling locations as well as land cover changes were made using ArcGIS 10.4.1 software based on primary and secondary data. The results showed that there were 11 species of dragonflies with a Shannon-Wiener diversity index value (H') of 2.212 (medium diversity), a population density index (C) of 0.126 (low dominance), and a species evenness index (E) of 0.923 (high uniformity). Our study also found two rare species of dragonfly in Lombok Island i.e., 3 individuals of Nososticta emphyla (Lieftinck, 1936) with 9% relative abundance and 1 individual of Drepanosticta berlandi (Lieftinck, 1939) with 3% relative abundance. The discovery of D. berlandi in Lombok is the third time after the findings in 1896 and the 19th century. Analysis of satellite data around the sampling area within the period 2013-2020 showed that there has been an increase in land cover of 6,149.29 m2. The increase in land cover changes may have caused the disappearance of several Odonata species in the sampling location.

Diversity of Nearctic Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)

Rarely have studies assessed Odonata diversity for the entire Nearctic realm by including Canada, the United States, and Mexico. For the first time, we explored Odonata diversity in this region according to a definition of natural community assemblages and generated species distribution models (SDMs). Species occurrence data were assembled by reviewing databases of specimens held by significant Odonata repositories and through an extensive search of literature references. Species were categorized as forest-dependent or non-forest-dependent, as lentic or lotic-dependent, and according to conservation status. Predicted distributions were stacked for all species across their entire ranges, including areas outside of the Nearctic. Species richness and corrected weighted endemism (CWE) were then calculated for each grid cell. We found a pattern of greater species richness in the eastern portion of the Nearctic, which can be explained by the higher aquatic habitat diversity at micro and macroscales east of the Rocky Mountains, promoting niche partitioning and specialization. In the Nearctic region, the southeastern US has the highest number of endemic species of dragonflies and damselflies; this degree of endemism is likely due to glacial refuges providing a foundation for the evolution of a rich and unique biota.

Structural and Physical Factors As Predictors of the Species Distribution And Diversity of Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata) in an Upland Storage Reservoir

The negative impact of storage reservoirs on the environment has been well documented, but it appears that under certain circumstances these reservoirs can also help to protect biodiversity. The distribution of adult dragonflies and damselflies was studied in relation to eight environmental variables, in an upland storage reservoir and its feeder rivers located in South-East Poland (East-Central Europe). A total of 25 species were recorded, including 22 in the reservoir. Submerged and floating plants, width of the shallow littoral zone and the water movement/current were found to be the key drivers of the species distribution (pCCA, NMDS). Five species (Ischnura elegans, Sympetrum sanguineum, Platycnemis pennipes, Calopteryx splendens and Erythromma viridulum) were responsible for over 70% of the dissimilarities between the riverine and reservoir sites (SIMPER). In addition, Ischnura elegans, Orthetrum albistylum and Calopteryx virgo were distinguished as the indicator species (IndVal analysis) for the upland river-reservoir hydrological system. Our results highlight some design features of reservoirs that may help to maintain the diversity of odonates, as well as many other groups of aquatic organisms, as the former are well-known indicators of general biodiversity.

Diversity of Dragonflies (Odonata) in the Joben Resort Area, East Lombok

Dragonfly is a family of insects that are closely related to water. During their life cycle, especially when laying eggs and at the stage of dragonfly nymphs, they spend their lives in healthy water areas because dragonfly nymphs are very sensitive to polluted water quality. Therefore, dragonflies have an important role for the sustainability of the ecosystem, namely acting as predators and indicators of environmental pollution. The high diversity of dragonflies in an area indicates that the area is still not polluted because the environment supports the life of dragonflies. This study aims to determine the diversity of dragonflies (odonata) in the Joben Resort area of ​​East Lombok. This research is an exploratory descriptive study conducted from November to December 2021. Data collection was carried out 4 times and was repeated within 1 month in the morning and evening (08.00-17.00 WITA). The method used is a survey method with a sweeping net technique following a 500 m research path on 3 research paths, namely lane 1 (the river that borders Joben Ecopark), lane 2 (the path leading to the Resort Office and Joben Ecopark) and lane 3 (the river that flows through Joben Ecopark). Bordered by rice fields and Kokok Joben Brain Baths). The calculation of the diversity index of dragonflies uses the Shannon-Wienner formula (H'). The results showed that the types of dragonflies (odonata) found in the Joben Resort Area consisted of 20 species with a total number of individuals found from 3 lanes as many as 864 individuals. The diversity index of dragonflies in the Joben Resort area of ​​East Lombok is 2,309. The conclusion is that the diversity of dragonflies in the Joben Resort area of ​​East Lombok is in the medium category.