Diversity In Terms Of Culture Research Articles

Culture‐sensitive dementia diagnostics and care: a best practice for a diverse patient population

AbstractBackgroundThe elderly population in Europe is becoming more diverse. In order to provide effective dementia diagnostics and care, healthcare professionals need to cater more to diversity in terms of culture, language, educational attainment or (health) literacy. Therefore, the implementation of culture‐sensitive diagnostic instruments and a shift in approach to adapt to this group is necessary within memory clinics. We preformed semi‐structured interviews to gather the knowledge and experience of healthcare professionals on the topic of culture‐sensitive dementia diagnostics and care. The findings are summarized in a best practice.MethodFor the best practice we used qualitative methods and preformed 14 semi‐structured interviews. We interviewed healthcare professionals that work with a diverse patient population within different memory clinics in the Netherlands. We investigated their definition of culture‐sensitive care, the specific adjustments made in the diagnostic trajectory and discussed organizational aspects related to culture‐sensitive care. These interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Atlas.ti.ResultSeveral requirements for effective dementia diagnostics have been mentioned, such as working with experienced translators, the use of culture‐sensitive diagnostic instruments, and language specific information material. Other adjustments consider communication between healthcare professionals and patients. First, healthcare professionals put extra effort into estimating the level of (abstract) reasoning of patients. In this way the language used by the healthcare professional is adapted in order to optimize the communication. Second, there is more attention for nonverbal communication if patients have a different cultural background. Lastly, healthcare professionals take more time to provide care for a multicultural patient group.ConclusionLearnings and experiences from healthcare professionals working at memory clinics across the Netherlands give valuable insights. A best practice for culture‐sensitive dementia diagnostics and care may help with accurate dementia diagnosis and provide tools for healthcare professionals to cater to a diverse patient population.

Unraveling the COVID-19 hospitalization dynamics in Spain using Bayesian inference

BackgroundOne of the main challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic is to make sense of available, but often heterogeneous and noisy data. This contribution presents a data-driven methodology that allows exploring the hospitalization dynamics of COVID-19, exemplified with a study of 17 autonomous regions in Spain from summer 2020 to summer 2021.MethodsWe use data on new daily cases and hospitalizations reported by the Spanish Ministry of Health to implement a Bayesian inference method that allows making short-term predictions of bed occupancy of COVID-19 patients in each of the autonomous regions of the country.ResultsWe show how to use the temporal series for the number of daily admissions and discharges from hospital to reproduce the hospitalization dynamics of COVID-19 patients. For the case-study of the region of Aragon, we estimate that the probability of being admitted to hospital care upon infection is 0.090 [0.086-0.094], (95% C.I.), with the distribution governing hospital admission yielding a median interval of 3.5 days and an IQR of 7 days. Likewise, the distribution on the length of stay produces estimates of 12 days for the median and 10 days for the IQR. A comparison between model parameters for the regions analyzed allows to detect differences and changes in policies of the health authorities.ConclusionsWe observe important regional differences, signaling that to properly compare very different populations, it is paramount to acknowledge all the diversity in terms of culture, socio-economic status, and resource availability. To better understand the impact of this pandemic, much more data, disaggregated and properly annotated, should be made available.

A Report on Cases with Communication Disorders at a Tertiary care Hospital in Mysore District of Karnataka, India: A Retrospective Study Across Five Years.

Communication disorders affect an individual's social, emotional and behavioural well-being. Estimating the number of clients with various causes of communication disorders can assist in the prevention, early identification, intervention, rehabilitation and counsellingprocess. India is the second-largest populated country with diversity in terms of culture and geography. Therefore, estimating the data on number of clients presenting with communication disorders is warranted across different parts of the country. In a retrospective study, the clinical records of cases reporting to the JSS Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, for the last five years were reviewed. A total of 9511 cases diagnosed with communication disorders were includedin the study. The percentage of male cases was higher than the females amongst all the types of communication disorders. The percentage of paediatric cases with speech and language disorders was the highest, followed by adult cases. Across the hearing disorders, the highest number of cases were from the adult age group, and the lowest number of hearing-disordered cases were noted in the paediatric age group throughout all five years. Among all the risk factors, perinatal history was the highest seen risk factor, and consanguinity was the lowest seen risk factor associated with communication disorders. Theresults of the present study revealed that among cases with communication disorders at the tertiary care hospital in Mysore, hearing impairment was one of the most commonly seen conditions, followed by child language disorders. The history of perinatal factors as a risk for communication disorders was noted in a maximum number of cases.

Memaknai Ulang Film Ajari Aku Islam Perspektif Roland Barthes

This research is motivated by the rapid development of information and communication technology. One of them is the development of film. In the course of its history this film has become a very large and profitable industry. Film is a form of mass media that can spread messages with its technical advantages. This study aims to describe the representation of the moral message in the film Ajari Aku Islam in terms of denotation, connotation and myth. and knowing the religious values​​contained in the film Teach Me Islam by jaymes Rianto. This study uses interpretive qualitative research. This approach allows the author to make in-depth observations and analyzes of the object to be studied. In the process the researcher will direct interactive qualitative research to explain moral values ​​seen through the meanings of denotations, connotations, and myths and representations contained in the film Ajari Aku Islam with the Roland Barthes model. This research seeks to describe facts that are interpreted correctly. As a result, the writer finds that the scene contains several meanings and messages, namely: the moral message of the importance of tolerance in religion; Then the religious messages contained in certain parts of the dialogue. Namely the values ​​of the aqidah which discuss faith in Allah SWT, the moral values​​include the morals towards oneself, parents, family and society, the values ​​of worship include prayer. Recommendation, For Muslims, tolerance and mutual respect for differences can help us to build friendship in a society that has diversity in terms of culture, ethnicity, and ethnicity.

GoTriple, a central access point for the social sciences and humanities

The TRIPLE project (Targeting Researchers through Innovative Practices and Linked Exploration) is developing a discovery platform dedicated to the social sciences and humanities (SSH). It gathers 21 partners from 15 European countries and is funded under the European Commission programme INFRA EOSC-02-2019 “Prototyping new innovative services’’.The multicultural and multilingual GoTriple platform is harvesting three kinds of data available in nine languages (Croatian, English, French, German, Italian, Greek, Polish, Portuguese, and Spanish). The beta version, available from October 2021, gives access to more than 1.6 million publications and data sets from big aggregators and smaller repositories to cover all SSH disciplines. GoTriple also responds to requests from SSH researchers to foster interdisciplinarity and enhance collaboration. For this reason, GoTriple will make available researcher profiles and research projects. Five innovative services complement this approach by making available the so called Trust Building System, Recommender System, Visualization Tool, Open Annotation Tool, and Crowdfunding Platform.The TRIPLE project seeks to improve fairness of open science and ensure that research material is more accessible to SSH researchers and to society by (1) making SSH scientific publications available to as many people as possible without popularizing or simplifying the content and by (2) encouraging better connections between SSH and various sections of society (e.g. SMEs, Journalists, Policy Makers).The TRIPLE project has made use of a co-design approach from the very start (late 2019), which includes relevant stakeholders through interviews and workshops to ensure that their needs are understood and that the platform will meet their needs.The TRIPLE project has also developed an innovative approach to evaluate the success of the platform based on compass indicators of equality, diversity, and community building. These indicators will help to advance open science. Moreover, the project is currently engaging users to build a thriving community.The OPERAS research infrastructure, supporting open scholarly communication in the social sciences and humanities in the European Research Area will take an active part in the governance and sustainability of the platform.At the conference we will present:▸ some aspects of the research underpinning the creation of GoTriple, including the Co-design work,▸ the key functionalities of GoTriple and how they can benefit research in the humanities,▸ how the platform will ensure discoverability and accessibility of SSH resources and highlight European diversity in terms of culture, language, and practices, and▸ the complexities of building new technologies serving the humanities.

Analisis Historis Makam Kuno: Studi Kasus Makam-Makam Kuno Islam di Kelurahan Martubung, Kecamatan Medan Labuhan

This article aims to make an inventory of ancient tombs in the city of Medan, especially those scattered around Neighborhoods III and V, Martubung Village, Medan Labuhan District. The strategic position of Medan City causes this region to have diversity in terms of culture and others. No exception, the typology of ancient tombs in this region is also influenced by various countries that have come into contact with this region, one of which is Aceh. This research is included in the type of field research using historical research methods. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the number of ancient tombs identified in Martubung Village are five tombs, namely: the tombs of Datuk Tongah, Datuk Payung, Datuk Hasan, Datuk Hitam and Datuk Dadih. However, only two tombs still leave historical traces in the form of tombstones, namely the tomb of Datuk Tongah and the tomb of Datuk Payung; 2) The condition of the ancient tombs in Martubung Village is currently very worrying because there are only two tombs left with cracked headstones on the body and head of the headstone; and 3) efforts to maintain ancient tombs in Martubung Village are only carried out by the surrounding community in a makeshift way without government intervention.

Generation-making narratives and responses to diversity in Poland

In this article, the authors move away from approaching generations as static categories and explore how ordinary people, as opposed to scholars, distinguish generations and justify their different responses to cultural diversity in terms of ethnicity, race and religion/belief. The analysis draws on 90 in-depth interviews with 30 residents in the Polish capital, Warsaw (2012–2013). Through approaching generation as an analytical category, the authors identify various differentiating narratives which the study participants employed to draw boundaries between generations, reinforcing the common belief that the youngest Poles are most accepting of diversity. Although generations are seen as the axis of difference, conditioning generation-specific responses to diversity, the accounts emerging from the interviews reveal their relational nature, as well as similarities and points of connection between their experiences.

Breast cancer in global health: beyond diversity and inequality

Over the past 50 years, we have seen several innovations and breakthroughs in breast cancer screening, molecular diagnosis, prevention, and adjuvant treatment, which have led to a substantial reduction in mortality. However, upon looking at its prevalence on a global scale, this achievement seems to be limited to western and some developed countries. The mortality of breast cancer is stable or even increasing in most other countries, and is a major threat to women’s global health. According to the worldwide epidemiological data and recent advances in genetics, we have begun to understand that there may be geographic, racial, ethnic, and possibly cultural diversity in terms of genetic predisposition, age-standardized incidence, and mortality of breast cancer. A deeper understanding of this potential diversity is essential to establish screening and prevention schemes as well as systematic treatments that are optimized for the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of each region. Considering most of the key evidence regarding breast cancer has been generated mainly in western countries, multidisciplinary global communication will facilitate understanding of breast cancer diversity, promote the equality and individualization of breast management, and improve breast cancer survival worldwide.

Diversity in orthopaedics and traumatology: a global perspective.

Europe represents true diversity, with cultural, linguistic and geopolitical variation spanning a large geographical area. Politics for many of its 750 million inhabitants revolves around the European Union (EU) and its 27 member states. The overarching goal of the EU is to promote peace and the values of the union (inclusion, tolerance, justice, solidarity and non-discrimination).1,2EFORT was created to connect orthopaedic associations across Europe, fostering relationships between member countries that celebrated diversity and facilitated the exchange of knowledge. Whilst the global landscape changes and politics attempts to interfere in how we live our lives, it is important to remember that a strong organization is a diverse one that evolves over time.Various initiatives exist across the global landscape to support diversity in terms of culture; gender; black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) groups; disability groups; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (or questioning) and others (LGBTQ+); and the ‘ageing’ surgeon. This article explores the creation of some of these initiatives and how they have been supported by different orthopaedic organizations.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:743-752. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200022

An Exploratory Study of Challenges Faced by Working Mothers in India and Their Expectations from Organizations

Working mothers worldwide find it hard to deal with expectations about their maternal responsibilities and work. The challenges faced by women across nations are perceived to be similar in nature. However, the known diversity in terms of culture, political scenario, educational framework, economic situation, legal policies and employment guidelines are unavoidable factors which may directly impact the challenges faced by women in their respective workplace. This research, therefore, attempts to identify the challenges faced by working mothers in India in their careers including different industrial sectors in the present scenario. A mix of qualitative and quantitative techniques is used for data collection. On the basis of in-depth interviews, grounded theory approach and exploratory factor analysis, three broad categories of challenges faced by working Indian mothers are identified. Post the empirical identification of perceived career barriers for working mothers, organizational interventions to address their concerns are discussed.

A digital museum’s contribution to diversity – a user study

ABSTRACTResponding to the Norwegian cultural policy concern of diversity, this article presents the results from three data sets that capture user background, behaviour, values and opinions regarding the digital portal for museum objects, images and stories, DigitaltMuseum. Specifically, the exploratory research draws data from a ‘population’ survey of digital consumption in Norway, a DigitaltMuseum user survey, and device and usage data captured by Google Analytics. Designed, where possible, to capture a user’s perspective, the three data sources describe who uses the digital platform, their content preferences, motivation for using the platform, and what they ultimately do with material found. Although there is evidence that the findings are representative of a super-user group, the results nevertheless indicate that DigitaltMuseum is contributing to cultural diversity in terms of content, purpose for usage, and dissemination. For policymakers and administrators of online museum platforms, the study demonstrates the platform’s contribution to expanded diversity.

Meanings of troubled conscience and how to deal with it: expressions of Persian-speaking enrolled nurses in Sweden.

A feature of the healthcare system in Sweden, particularly in the care of older people, is its cultural diversity in terms of having considerable numbers of both caregivers and care recipients with an immigrant background. Considering the influence of culture in ethical decision-making processes, the idea of conscience and the adverse effects of a troubled conscience, it is important to study the concepts of conscience and troubled conscience in culturally diverse populations. There is no published study regarding troubled conscience among immigrant populations that includes enrolled nurses. To illuminate the meanings of troubled conscience and how to deal with it among enrolled nurses with Iranian backgrounds working in Swedish residential care for Persian-speaking people with dementia who have emigrated from Iran. The study was conducted with a phenomenological hermeneutic design. Ten enrolled nurses with an Iranian background, with at least one year's experience of taking care of older people with dementia, were interviewed. The study was reviewed by the Regional Ethical Review Board for ethical vetting of research involving humans. Appropriate measures were taken to ensure confidentiality and voluntary participation. The meanings of having a troubled conscience for the participants comprise not being a good person, including being an uncaring person, not acting according to one's values and living in a state of unease. Dealing with a troubled conscience involves trying to compensate for the harm one has caused and trying to prevent similar situations by being a responsible caregiver. The enrolled nurses understood themselves as caring people and not only caregivers. They knew that they should hear their conscience and respond to it by trying to be a caring person and acting according to their values. The findings should be interpreted in the given specific context.

Mapping cultural diversity through children's voices: From confusion to clear understandings

This research examines children's conceptualisations of cultural diversity. In particular, this project examines the following two research questions: how do children define and understand the concept of cultural diversity; and what do they perceive as the implications of cultural diversity on their daily lives? To this end, interviews were carried out with 40 (immigrant and native) students, aged 11 to 12, at five primary schools in Cyprus, which presented high concentrations of immigrants. On the basis of our analysis of the data, the participant children appeared to perceive cultural diversity in terms of two contrasting perspectives. On the one hand, they viewed cultural diversity in terms of the cultural‐deficiency perspective. Such perceptions stemmed from the model of monoculturalism implying the need to assimilate the culturally ‘different’ in order to counteract the negative consequences of cultural diversity. On the other hand, the same children also perceived cultural diversity in terms of cultural celebration. To this end, some children drew upon the model of multiculturalism to define cultural diversity as a culture‐enriching and culture‐celebrating process, pointing to folkloristic activities including traditional music, dance and food. Nonetheless, few of the participant children—both Cypriot and immigrant—defined cultural diversity in terms of the model of interculturalism, pointing to the intercultural exchange that stems from ‘real’ friendship development between natives and immigrants, equality of rights and inclusion. As the participant children appeared to confuse the meanings and languages of cultural diversity, this paper concludes with suggestions on teacher practices to ‘crystallise’ children's views.

The Validity and Clinical Utility of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire for Upper Limb Injuries in Developing Country Contexts

Objective: South Africa is a developing country with inequality and diversity in terms of culture, language and occupations. The high incidence of violence and trauma contributes to upper limb injuries. Patient rated outcome measures, such as the Disability of the Arm Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH), should be routinely implemented in order to evaluate the end result of intervention. Specific outcomes of interest are aspects of activity and participation according to the nine domains outlined in the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF). This paper will review the evidence available on the validity and clinical utility of the DASH as a measure of activity and participation in patients with upper limb injuries in developing country contexts where inequality exists. Methods: A comprehensive search of key electronic databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), EBSCOHost, CINAHL, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science, will be conducted. Grey literature will also be considered as far as possible. Articles meeting the following inclusion criteria will be included in the review: 1) reporting on the use of the DASH as an outcome measure for upper limb injured patients; 2) from countries with a Gini coefficient of 0.50 and above and; 3) that provide evidence on the validity and clinical utility of the instrument. The methodological quality of selected studies will be independently assessed by two researchers using the critical appraisal tool developed by the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) group. Results: Results will be reported by means of a study flow diagram showing the search strategy. Study characteristics will be summarized including psychometric properties assessed and results. Risk of bias will be assessed and reported using the COSMIN criteria. Conclusion: This review will provide a critical analysis of the psychometric properties of validity and clinical utility of the DASH in traumatic hand injuries assessed in developing countries. Recommendations for practice and future research will be made.

What Indians Think About Various Indian States? A Study to Understand Images and Stereotypes

National images and stereotypes are very important area of research for social scientists all over the world. While the rationale behind a lot of national images and stereotypes are often illogical or debatable, these are very powerful tools to understand the mindsets of a population in general towards the other. Studying these, one can get an overview of undercurrents of emotions existing in a population. In this study, I have extended this concept to understand the images and stereotypes Indians have in their mind about the various Indian states. It is often said that “India is a small edition of the world”. The statement is quite true. With 29 states and 7 Union territories, India is bigger in size than most of the countries and has high geographical diversity as well as cultural diversity in terms of language, food habits, cultural traditions, life styles, religious beliefs and so on. It is highly unlikely that every Indian will have same kind of exposure (primary or secondary) to every state.

Implicaciones de la diversidad humana y familiar en la evaluación de custodia compartida

La aprobación del Proyecto del Senado 63 a finales del año 2011 en Puerto Rico (Ley Protectora de los Derechos de los Menores en el Proceso deAdjudicación de Custodia) ha presentado toda una serie de retos para profesionales responsables en el proceso de evaluación, recomendación y adjudicación de custodia compartida. Reconociendo que la implantación de un proyecto de ley como el de custodia compartida representa, de manera muy particular, un reto para el/la profesional del Trabajo Social, resulta imperativa y necesaria una mirada reflexiva y de análisis crítico sobre el asunto. Es por tal razón que, en el siguiente trabajo se expone el análisis de la diversidad humana en términos de cultura, género, clase social, orientación sexual, religión, entre otras áreas, y sus implicaciones para el proceso de evaluación de custodia compartida. De igual forma, se abordan las múltiples complejidades que representan las diferencias de organización y estructura familiar en la evaluación de custodia compartida como una alternativa para el establecimiento de relaciones entre padres, madres y prole. Como profesionales de Trabajo Social, tenemos el compromiso de que nuestro desempeño y toma de decisiones refleje la ética y base valorativa de nuestra profesión. Más allá de una responsabilidad, es un deber y una obligación que nos impone la autoridad profesional que nos ha sido conferida social y legalmenteen el proceso de emitir recomendaciones para la toma de decisiones que afectarán las vidas de otras personas.

English

We report the findings of a qualitative study embedded in an interpretive paradigm to determine the perceptions of South African primary school teachers and principals regarding the inclusion of learners considered gifted. Eight principals and 16 classroom teachers in the Foundation Phase (Grades 1–3) in public primary schools situated in communities that were representative of the different socio-economic and language groups in the Western Cape province participated in the study. Qualitative data collection methods included in-depth individual semi-structured interviews with the eight principals and two semi-structured focus group interviews with the 16 classroom teachers. Qualitative content analysis revealed the following themes: inclusive education and the learner who is gifted; curriculum differentiation; obstacles to curriculum differentiation; and possible solutions for more effectively including the gifted learner. Despite their diversity in terms of culture, language and positioning by the previous apartheid regime, the participants acknowledged the marginalisation by default of gifted learners. Gifted learners were most often those who were not receiving appropriate education and support and data suggested that a particular drive for the inclusion of gifted learners was absent in the agenda of education authorities.

SMALL STATES, BIG ISSUES? HUMAN GEOGRAPHY IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS

ABSTRACTThe Pacific Islands present a different context for the study of human geography in the Third World. Though marked by much diversity in terms of culture, environment and history, there are key features which distinguish the region. Compared to elsewhere and with the notable exception of Papua New Guinea, they are small in terms of population, land area and resource base, yet many have attained independent nationhood. Island states are frequently fragmented so that small islands with small populations may be spread over vast expanses of ocean, creating particular problems of communication and integration. Moreover, the region is isolated. Although major trade routes cut across the Pacific, in practice, local economies are not well linked and outlying islands face high transport costs and infrequent services. Such features, largely peculiar to the Pacific, together with more universal themes of economic, cultural, political and social transformation have occupied the attention of human geographers in the past 40 years. Most early work was done by researchers from Australia, New Zealand and France but in the past two decades, the growth of regional tertiary institutions has led to a major growth of more locally‐based work, much by Pacific Islanders themselves. Such a change has mirrored some major paradigmatic shifts, particularly from modernization theory through neo‐Marxism to present interests in development from below and sustainability. Thus, despite the relative smallness of Pacific Island states, they have attracted much attention, both contributing to wider debates and adding new issues and perspectives on the processes of transformation of the geography of the Third World.

The teacher as translator of culture

groups living within close proximity to each other. At one time it was fashionable to speak of our cultural diversity in terms of a melting pot, with each ethnic group absorbed into some type of national American community. More current thought, however, indicates that the United States is better described as a country composed of a mosaic of various ethnic communities contributing to the national culture while maintaining their distinct cultural identities.' School curricula have increasingly sought to reflect the great ethnic diversity in our country. Social studies, literature, history, music, and other areas have presented a global view and called attention to contributions made by a number of world cultures, particularly those heavily represented within the population of our nation.