Diversification Of Enterprises Research Articles

Roles of Manager and Firm Attributes in the International-Client Diversification of Small Enterprises in Peru

Las pequeñas empresas que exportan desde Perú presentan una diversificación limitada de clientes internacionales y esto podría reflejar una mentalidad global subdesarrollada de sus gerentes. También preguntamos si estaban involucrados la generación del gerente, el estatus en la empresa y el tamaño y propiedad de la empresa. En el estudio participaron sesenta y siete empresas con experiencia internacional, seleccionadas aleatoriamente entre afiliadas a la Cámara de Comercio de Lima. La mentalidad global de los gerentes surgió significativamente relacionada con el nivel de diversificación de clientes internacionales de sus empresas, que aumentó desde los baby boomers hasta la generación X y los millennials. Los gerentes contratados superaron a los gerentes propietarios en el mercado global, las empresas más grandes superaron a las más pequeñas y las empresas con propiedad heterogénea superaron a las empresas con propiedad concentrada. La limitada diversificación de clientes internacionales de las pequeñas empresas que exportan desde Perú es atribuible a un desarrollo incompleto de la mentalidad global de sus gerentes, la presencia de baby boomers, problemas en el doble rol de propietario y gerente, tamaños de empresas pequeñas y propiedad concentrada.

Diversification of agricultural enterprises as a basis for industry development

Diversification of agricultural enterprises as a basis for industry development

Assessment of Resilience Due to Adoption of Technologies in Frequently Drought-Prone Regions of India

Climate change and variability are increasingly affecting agriculture and livelihoods in developing countries, with India being particularly vulnerable. Drought is one of the major climatic constraints impacting large parts of the world. We examined the effects of drought on crop productivity, evaluated the effectiveness of technologies in mitigating these impacts and quantified the resilience gained due to technology adoption. Resilience score and resilience gain are the two indicators used to quantify resilience. The study utilized data gathered from two villages situated in Karnataka, southern India, which have implemented the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) program, along with data from one control village. Drought has significantly impacted the yields, and the extent of reduction ranged from 23 to 62% compared to the normal year. Adoption of climate-resilient technologies, including improved varieties, water management and livestock practices proved beneficial in increasing yield and income during drought years. The resilience score of various technologies ranged from 71 to 122%, indicating that the technologies had realized an increase in yields in the drought year in comparison to the normal year. The extent of resilience gain ranged from 7 to 68%, indicating that the adoption of technologies contributed to the yield advantage over the farmers’ practice during drought. Water harvesting and critical irrigation have the highest resilience scores and gains, and in situ moisture conservation practices such as trench cum bunding (TCB) have comparable resilience scores and gains. The diversification of enterprises at the farm has a higher resilience score and gain. There is a need to identify climate-resilient technologies that can achieve higher resilience, as the solutions are context-specific. Further, promising technologies need to be scaled by adopting multiple approaches and by creating an enabling environment so as to increase resilience in agricultural systems.

Designing a productive, profitable integrated farming system model with low water footprints for small and marginal farmers of Telangana

In the years 2021–2022 and 2022–2023, an experiment was carried out at the IFS Unit, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar in order to determine the best one-acre integrated farming system model for Telangana's small and marginal farmers. Seven farm models among which six models were developed by combining the various components i.e., cropping systems, fruit cropfodder crops and livestock components, in different proportions, and compared with rice-groundnut system which is a major farming approach in Telangana using randomized block design. The seven models were as follows: M1: Rice–Groundnut; M2: Rice–Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3)—Bajra, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2)—Maize; M3: Rice–Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3)—Bajra, Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3)—Sunhemp; Napier grass, Sheep (5 + 1); M4: Rice–Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3)—Bajra, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2)—Maize, Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3)—Sunhemp, Poultry unit; M5: Guava, Hedge Lucerne, Napier grass, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2)—Maize, Sheep (5 + 1); M6: Guava, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2)—Maize, Rice–Groundnut, Poultry; M7: Rice–Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3)—Bajra, Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3)—Sunhemp; Napier grass, Hedge lucerne, Poultry (100), Sheep (5 + 1). Based on a 2-year average, the Model M7 system produced 9980 Rice Grain Equivalent Yield(RGEY)kg of output per acre, with gross and net returns of ₹210,439 and ₹124,953 respectively, and recovered a B:C ratio of 2.46. It has recorded highest sustainable yield index (SYI) of 0.673 and value index of 0.772 with the lowest water footprint of 259.0 L/kg. This study reveals that adopting an integrated farming system is the optimal approach for effectively combining productive, financially rewarding, and diversified enterprises within a single acre of land.d. This system should be recommended for maximum benefits to smallto small and marginal farmers in Telangana's southern hills and plateau.

The Use of Strategic Planning Tools for Diversification of Highly-Technological Enterprises in Russian Industry

In times of globalization, national economy reforming and intensification of integration processes the level of competitiveness of industrial enterprises is estimated by many factors, the key of them is innovation activity. Due to innovation the business entity has got an opportunity to strengthen its market positions, improve figures of economic efficiency and create big added value. At the same time results of innovation activity shall target at production and economic work of industrial enterprises and foster supply of new highly-technological goods and services to market, which can be provided by strategic planning. The efficiency of its implementation promotes successful introduction of innovation on market and obtaining sustainable competitive advantages. The author analyzed and studied challenges of strategic planning of innovation development and put forward methods of elaborating the system of strategic planning for diversification of highly-technological enterprises of Russian economy.

Диверсифікація як метод забезпечення стабільного розвитку підприємства

Diversification is considered as an effective method of stable development of enterprise in the long term, which makes it possible to timely and promptly respond to changes in the needs and market conditions by functioning in different markets, which is relevant in the current conditions of market instability, rapid decline or disappearance of demand for individual goods and services. In order to achieve the purpose of the article, i. e., clarification of the essence of the concept of «diversified enterprise», the literature sources are analyzed and the authors’ own experience of studying the activities of such enterprises is applied; the diversity and lack of a clear understanding of the very concept of diversification of production are established, which does not allow to make generalizations about the activities of the enterprise. The research in the article is carried out using the methods of generalization, abstraction, analysis, synthesis. With regard to the definition of the essence of diversification of production, and, consequently, of enterprise, the expediency of allocating the factors that characterize the causes, results, breadth of coverage of directions and spheres of activity, structural structure has been determined. This made it possible to form a definition and interpret diversified enterprises as business structures that expand existing areas of activity or create new ones, organizationally (with allcation or without separation of business units) and/or legislatively (contractual, legally formalized) independent or dependent in a pure or mixed form, ensuring the achievement of relevant goals due to current and/or strategic reasons. The presented conclusion summarizes the substantiation of a unified approach to understanding the essence of diversification of enterprise as an effective method of its stable activity in the long term, focuses on the factors characteristic of diversified enterprises, the combination of which ensures their competitive advantages. The given interpretation of the concept of «diversified enterprise» will contribute to a simpler, clearer, more effective allocation of specific universal types (kinds) of these structures.

Digital technology application on corporate internationalization: Co-moderating effect of centralizing decision power and internationalization experience.

Digital technologies are a significant additional powerhouse for corporate internationalization and competitiveness. The existing research has not effectively distinguished the breadth and depth of internationalization, and there are also inadequate context considerations of how much digital technology applications influence enterprise internationalization. To bridge this gap, this paper has selected 203 valid questionnaires from manufacturing enterprises in Zhejiang Province, China, then elaborates and constructs a theoretical model based on existing studies, and using multiple linear regression analysis, finally to empirically assess and further explain the mechanisms of digital technologies' influence on corporate internationalization. The results reveal that utilizing digital technologies has positive influence on both internationalization breadth and depth. Moreover, centralizing decision power negatively moderates the relationship between enterprises' digital applications and their internationalization breadth (or depth), while internationalization experience has opposite influence, with these two factors jointly moderating such relationship. Finally, this research can contribute to better understanding of leveraging digital technologies to upgrade corporate internationalization and provides reasonable theoretical insights for enhancing deeper and more diversified enterprise internationalization.

The impact of organizational ambidexterity on performance of diversified industrial enterprises

Goal: to identify an optimal set of tools that allow multibusiness diversified enterprises to achieve organizational ambidexterity to assess two aspects of improvement activities — search and operational. The second goal is to establish the influence of organizational ambidexterity on the efficiency of doing business by multibusiness diversified enterprises. Metodology: the search for the optimal set of tools was carried out by the construction of regression models and using mathematical optimization methods. The impact of operational ambidexterity on a company performance was assessed by means of statistical tests. The empirical basis of the study became 327 completed projects in 16 multibusiness diversified enterprises in the manufacturing industry. Findings: a model has been developed that allows to select the optimal set of tools in order to improve production and form the basis for the development of new types of activities, i.e. to achieve organizational ambidexterity. The study showed that the effectiveness of search activities influences mostly labor productivity and the number of new competencies, while the improvement of operational activities affects the share of products certified according to the international standards in the enterprise's total production volume and the quantity of new competencies of the organization’s employees aimed to achieve organizational ambidexterity. Originality and contribution of the authors: the study identifies the conditions for achieving organizational ambidexterity by multibusiness enterprises. A new model has been proposed to determine the optimal set of tools for improving production and developing new types of activities that ensure the achievement of organizational ambidexterity and the increase of efficiency in multibusiness diversified enterprises.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫХ СЕТЕВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ИНФОРМАТИЗАЦИИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

Having accepted information management and enterprise innovations as the main object of analysis, the basis is the integration of computer network technologies to create a diversified enterprise information management system and integrate it into day-to-day business management, financial control, internal control and management of electronic files of the enterprise. At the same time, this article analyzes computer viruses, hacker intrusions, security and other problems that exist when using computer network technologies, emphasizing that in the process of implementing the construction of informatization, enterprises should step up efforts to control the security of information technologies and conduct reasonable software updates and innovations in the staff team in order to provide a good guarantee of information development enterprises.

EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MEASURES TO DIVERSIFY PRODUCTION AT AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The economic growth of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the agricultural sector is determined by the degree of competitiveness of enterprises engaged in agriculture in the domestic and foreign markets. In the conditions of modern competition, a significant factor in increasing the competitive advantages of agricultural organizations is the factor of diversification of development.The implementation of diversification processes in the agricultural sector involves a more balanced system of state support measures in combination with private initiatives of agricultural specialists than in other sectors of the economy, since Land is the main tool in agriculture, and production depends on natural and climatic conditions. All these issues are relevant for the agricultural sector of the economy of Kazakhstan.The article on this topic is aimed at studying and identifying potential opportunities for activating the concept of diversification in application to agro-industrial complexes in modern Kazakhstani conditions. The article examines the issues of studying the causal relationships of factors determining the processes of effective diversification of production, identifying problematic aspects of the development of the concept of diversification of agro-industrial enterprises based on the analysis of the state of development of the agricultural sector of the economy of Kazakhstan. The article also presents methods for researching the potential of improving the competitiveness of agro-industrial enterprises based on expanding and deepening the processes of diversification of agricultural production.The results of the study, in our opinion, make it possible to intensify the formation of the agricultural industry in the country, and the identified strategic priorities for the formation of diversification processes in the agricultural sector allow us to focus on the points that need to be developed in this context.

Relationship between Portfolio Diversification and Financial Performance of Large Enterprises in Kisumu County, Kenya

This study intended to explore the relationship between portfolio diversification and the financial performance of large businesses in Kisumu County, Kenya. The research questions of the study were; what is the relationship between stock and bond and the financial performance of large enterprises in Kisumu County, Kenya? The study was anchored on Modern Portfolio. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The statistical procedures of Yamane (1973) were subsequently employed to acquire a sample size of 225 out of a population of 1283 large enterprises; a random sampling procedure was adopted to facilitate the process. The research instrument was a document analysis guide. The study adopted both descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. Descriptive statistics involves the use of frequency, mean and standard deviation. The relationship between portfolio diversification and the financial performance of major enterprises in Kisumu County was explored using Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis. Data were presented using tables and figures. The researcher utilised regression analysis to specifically evaluate the null hypothesis. The results indicated that stock investment was positively related to financial performance. (β= 0.172, p- value=0.025< 0.05) of large enterprises in Kisumu County. Moreover, the findings corroborated the existence of a causal link between bond investment and financial performance (β= 3.2, p-value=0.001 < 0.05 of large enterprises in Kisumu County. Financial performance was found to benefit greatly from portfolio diversification (β= 4.875, p-value=0.023 < 0.05) of large enterprises. Furthermore, portfolio diversity accounts for 72.1% of the variance in financial performance across major businesses. The study recommends that business owners and managers diversify their investment portfolios across asset classes to mitigate risks and capitalise on opportunities in a variety of market conditions. This study recommends further investigation of the obstacles large enterprises face when diversifying their portfolios.

Stages of choosing a project for the diversification of production and business

Subject. The article considers the process of selecting a project for diversification of production and business at machine-building enterprises. Objectives. The purpose is to develop elements of a logical model of the diversification process, i.e. determination of the type of production, assessment of enterprise's readiness for diversification, assessment of resources of the diversified enterprise and expectations from the diversification project, formation of indicators to evaluate the diversified business. Methods. I employ a consistent comparative analysis of diversification projects at machine-building enterprises, which are the necessary basis for the study. The tools of the analysis rest on in-depth review of various theories of diversification and enable to visualize the results of the data obtained. Results. I compared different theories and classifications, determined the main metrics and sequence of their application when making a decision on diversification, defined objectives of diversification and ways to achieve cost-effectiveness of the project. The paper offers an approach to ensure the consistency of evaluation process and to analyze prospects for production diversification. It also formulates the necessary parameters of products selected by the enterprise for diversification, identifies and evaluates indicators for rapid assessment of diversification project, specifies the order of stages of selecting the diversification project. Conclusions. Enterprises with more than a quarter of the range of civilian products, qualified personnel, elaborated system of resource supply relying on flexible production, a high level of automation, and a technological platform have high chances to successfully implement a diversification project.

Farm Diversification in Haryana, India: Case Studies

In the late 1960s, the Green Revolution enabled India to overcome a severe food shortage and achieve food grain self-sufficiency, particularly in the case of wheat and paddy. Continuous mono cropping system threatens the sustainability of future agricultural production in terms of soil, water, climate and market parameters which warrants a diversified farming system enabling farmers to use their resources efficiently with its ecological benefits. Recent trends in crop farming witnessed a multifold shift towards paddy and wheat specialization in Haryana. So farm diversification is an important strategy to maintain the sustainability of state agriculture. The present study was undertaken to explore the potential of farm diversification in Haryana. Case studies were conducted among selected farmers from the three districts representing three agro ecological zones of Haryana (Kaithal from AEZ1, Hisar from AEZ2 and Bhiwani from AEZ3). The case study included parameters like area and number of enterprises and cost details and net returns from each diversified enterprise. The study concludes that, various methods utilized by the successful farmers specialized in a particular venture serve as the model for fellow farmers who are similarly interested in the same experience. Subsidies, incentives and training programmes of government agencies promoted the farmers to get involved in the allied enterprises. This study highlights the need for incentives and training programmes for further promoting farm diversification in the state.

Will emission trading promote enterprise diversification? Evidence from China.

This study examines the impact of the Chinese regional emission trading system(ETS) pilots on enterprise transformation from the perspective of diversification. We use data on Chinese A-share listed companies from 2004 to 2021, and adopt the staggered difference-in-differences (DID) and difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD) models. The empirical results show that first, the ETS significantly increases the product quantity and revenue diversification of regulated firms. Second, the ETS promotes enterprise diversification through three channels: emission cost, emission risk, and market efficiency. Third, the ETS has a greater impact on the diversification of state-owned enterprises, firms with high business concentration, and firms with low innovation investment. Fourth, the ETS-driven diversification has not been successful as it has increased firms' costs and reduced their profitability. We recommend introducing industrial policies to guide the transformation of enterprises, encourage them to improve their innovation capabilities, and choose appropriate transformation strategies.

Research on the Impact of Industrial Intermediate Inputs on Export Diversification of Chinese Enterprises

China has put forward the policy direction of domestic market integration in response to the volatile domestic and international political and economic environment. Meanwhile, enterprise export diversification is becoming the research frontier of the new trade theory (NTT). In order to make research on the factors affecting or determining export diversification in the contemporary context, this paper links the trend of domestic market integration with export diversification, and constructs a fixed-effects regression model using the Chinese industrial-enterprise customs matching database from 2000 to 2007 to study the relationship between industrial intermediate inputs and export diversification and the enterprise heterogeneity effects. According to the empirical results, it shows that the increase of intermediate inputs can promote the export diversification. The results of the heterogeneity analysis show that such kind of effect also varies depending on the differences in firm ownership, firm location, firm trade patterns, and capital intensity. In such a case, in order to complete the industrial upgrading of the domestic value chain and upgrade the export industrial structure under the trend of domestic market integration, it is necessary to pay attention to the liberalization of intermediate goods trade and the improvement of relevant policy conditions.

High work satisfaction despite high workload among European organic mixed livestock farmers: a mixed-method approach

Organic mixed livestock farming offers a range of potential benefits for the environment. Due to the diversification of enterprises, this farming system can be associated with a high workload, which means that it could be socially unsustainable. The aim of this study was to understand and explain work satisfaction of farmers running an organic mixed livestock farm. Using a mixed-method approach, quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 102 farmers in seven European countries during face-to-face interviews. We showed for the first time that across Europe and different animal species and category combinations, organic mixed livestock farms can provide a high work satisfaction, despite a high workload. By using a mixed-method approach and a clear framework, we aimed at better understanding work satisfaction. Underlying reasons for work satisfaction included the diversity of tasks, opportunities to learn, autonomy in the work schedule, perceived acknowledgement by consumers, and the contribution to sustainable food production. Factors contributing to work satisfaction identified in the analysis of quantitative data included workload, number of livestock units, mental complexity, proportion of work peaks per year, and the match between wanted free time and time taken off work. The combination of qualitative and quantitative data allowed a deeper understanding of farmers’ work satisfaction and revealed consistent findings. Future research should investigate the relationship between farmers’ work satisfaction and capacity for innovation, flexibility, and adaptation potential.

Diversification in the enterprises' activities for sustainable development in the agricultural sector

The topic of the article is current. Enterprises of the agricultural sector need to expand the range of products and reorient sales markets, develop new types of production in order to increase efficiency. The purpose of the study is to explore the practical possibilities of developing the diversification of the activities of agricul-tural enterprises, to assess the real prospects for stimulating their activities and in-creasing the overall level of well-being and organizing the functioning of modern agricultural enterprises. The methodological approach is based on a combination of methods of system analysis of the foundations for the implementation of the diversification of agricultural enterprises with an analytical study of the prospects for the development of agricultural production in modern economic conditions to achieve the sustainability of the industry. The results of the study indicate a plural-ity of factors influencing the development of the diversification of agricultural en-terprises, depending on the nature of their activities and the type of marketable products they produce, which is determined by the specifics of the market and its activity at a given time. intervals. Further research in this area will help increase the overall economic potential of the country through the sustainable development of the agricultural sector.

Index based Assessment of Factors Affecting Farm Diversification in Haryana

The study aimed to assess the factors affecting farm diversification was conducted in Kaithal, Hisar, and Bhiwani districts of Haryana in 2021 by selecting 180 farmers and 60 experts. The factors influencing farm diversification were assessed through the index method, Garret ranking, and RBQ method. The proximity of the National Capital Region (NCR), increased road density, and improved access to market information were found to favour the diversification of farm enterprises whereas, market uncertainties and climate induced factors were perceived to hinder it. Farmers did not show interest in kharif crops such as maize, sorghum, pearl millet, and cotton in the study area, mainly because of non availability of labour at an affordable rate for manual harvesting. The findings act as supporting evidence of the factors that are beneficial for achieving sustainability in the future farming sector of Haryana.

Business Development Analysis Of Online Travel Enterprises Under The New Trend - Using Ctrip As An Example

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a systemic negative impact on China's economy and social development. Tourism industry has been hit hard. The capital chain of many small and medium-sized enterprises has been broken, and some have even gone bankrupt. Of course, some companies have successfully transformed themselves in the process. But on the other hand, this public health emergency has provided new opportunities for major online travel companies to solve the problems of stagnation in the tourism industry and open up new areas under the new trend of the epidemic. Therefore, taking Ctrip as an example, this paper first analyzes Ctrip's online tourism business, and then analyzes Ctrip's competitive advantages and existing problems in the market. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the existing problems of the company, hoping that Ctrip can establish a more diversified enterprise system in the future and become more competitive in the same type of enterprises.

AWANGARDOWE FORMY W KONSERWACJI ARCHITEKTURY, A TEORIA PRZEMIAN STEWARTA BRANDA

The subject of the research focused on contemporary architectural forms applied in the conservation of monuments. Based on Theory of Changes and Layered Construction of an Architectural Object by Stewart Brand, diversified enterprises were examined proving that they follow the concept of differentiating life spans of the individual buildings’ layers. The research methods include analysis of the 20th c. conservation development, analysis of Brand's concept in the light of conservation assumptions, case studies and summary.