Diverse Stakeholder Engagement Research Articles

Transformative circular futures in the textile and apparel value chain: Guiding policy and business recommendations in the Netherlands, Spain, and India.

Circular economy practices are gaining importance in the global textile and apparel value chain to promote sustainability. However, the lack of attention paid to the circular economy's social dimension is concerning, given its expected global implementation for 2050. Neglecting this social impact undermines both environmental and social sustainability, perpetuating industry inequalities. To address this problem, this study develops Transformative Circular Futures (TCFs) to inform policy and business decision-making in the textile and apparel value chains of India, the Netherlands and Spain. TCFs are co-created circular economy scenarios that are diverse, systemic, and embedded with social impact considerations. This research employs participatory methods to blend system-change, Circular Economy, social impacts (through a gender lens), and positive desirable futures approaches, resulting in 16 scenarios. The results emphasise the pivotal role of diverse stakeholder engagement in reshaping the textile and apparel value chain towards equitable and transformative circular economy futures. The TCFs-derived recommendations to reduce inequalities and improve workers' well-being are critical steps towards a more inclusive and equitable transition to circular practices in the textile and apparel sector. Common recommendations include normalising living wages for direct, indirect, and informal workers, implementing regulations challenging patriarchy, eliminating gender pay and establishing permanent global committees of social actors. This ensures that social considerations are integrated throughout national and international negotiations within the circular textile and apparel value chain.

Learning environments for multi-stakeholder participation in water management: Visual Problem Appraisal Citarum River

Sustainable management of the Citarum River is a complex problem due to climate challenges such as increase of extreme weather events, as well as by increased anthropogenic activities leading to water pollution, waterborne diseases and floods. To act on this, active engagement of diverse stakeholders in decision-making for integrated water management is needed to share knowledges and understand diverse perspectives. This research reflects on the potential of the Visual Problem Appraisal (VPA) methodology to facilitate stakeholders’ participation in the complexity of sustainable water management in Indonesia. A VPA consists of a series of filmed interviews allowing stakeholders to express their concerns and issues. The interviews are used in thematic workshops to enhance dialogue and stimulating social learning in complex multi-stakeholder settings, in order to enhance environmental governance. Using the VPA solves two well-known problems: shortage of time and means for stakeholders to participate (stakeholder fatigue) and the fact that often the same people participate in diverse arenas (the usual suspects). The VPA could be used at ITB for bachelor’s and master’s degrees regarding Environmental Engineering, at Dutch universities and as a method to facilitate mediated participation within the Living Lab Upper Citarum.

Stakeholder engagement in agro-climate service planning

The impacts of weather, climate variability and climate change on agricultural production underline the increasing importance of actionable agro-climatic services. Transitioning from supply-driven provision of climate and agricultural information to demand-driven agro-climate services (ACS) at scale cannot be accomplished in a top-down manner but requires the engagement of diverse stakeholders in all phases of ACS development and implementation. This requires methods and tools to handle the diversity and dynamics of interactions between relevant stakeholders, including during the pre-financing stage of the ACS. We propose a transparent method to identify and engage stakeholders in the ACS planning phase and demonstrate this method as part of the socio-economic development planning process in Dien Bien, Vietnam. We find that considering stakeholder attributes such as availability, experience, gender, expertise, benefits and costs for each stakeholder, interest, influence, relevance, and attitude, combined with insights about the socio-economic development planning processes, is crucial for the engagement of stakeholders. We also find that facilitating collaborative interaction between ACS stakeholders is pivotal in supporting the planning of demand-driven ACS. Our methodology for engaging stakeholders is transferrable to designing and planning other interventions in complex systems.

An Impact of Digital Technology in Sustainable Business Development

Objectives: In this paper, our primary objectives are to examine and understand the multifaceted impact of digital technology on sustainable business development. We aim to identify key areas where digital technology plays a crucial role, including resource efficiency, innovation, supply chain management, and stakeholder engagement. By delineating these objectives, we seek to provide a comprehensive analysis of how businesses can leverage digital technology for sustainable growth in the rapidly evolving business landscape.
 
 Methods: To achieve our objectives, we employ a methodological approach that involves an extensive review of existing literature, case studies, and real-world examples. We delve into various aspects of digital technology adoption in businesses, examining the strategies employed and the outcomes achieved. Additionally, we analyze the implications of digital technology on resource efficiency, innovation processes, supply chain dynamics, and the engagement of diverse stakeholders. Our methods aim to synthesize a holistic understanding of the ways in which businesses integrate digital technology to foster sustainability.
 
 Results: The results section presents our findings on the impact of digital technology in the realm of sustainable business development. We showcase specific examples and case studies that illustrate successful applications of digital tools in enhancing resource efficiency, driving innovation, optimizing supply chain processes, and fostering meaningful stakeholder engagement. Through a systematic presentation of results, we aim to provide a clear picture of the tangible benefits and transformative effects that businesses can realize by embracing digital technology in the pursuit of sustainability.
 
 Conclusion: In conclusion, our study underscores the pivotal role of digital technology as a driving force behind sustainable business development. The integration of digital tools not only streamlines operations but also contributes significantly to resource efficiency, innovation, supply chain optimization, and stakeholder engagement. As businesses navigate the rapidly evolving business landscape, understanding and harnessing the power of digital technology is essential for achieving long-term sustainability goals. This paper concludes by summarizing key insights and emphasizing the importance of continued exploration and adoption of digital technology for sustainable business practices.

Exploring the impact of design thinking on social enterprise mission-aligned innovation

ABSTRACT Despite the growing academic and policy interest in social enterprises, existing debates fail to answer how these organizations innovate without compromising their social mission. In particular, the mechanisms that assist social enterprises to innovate in line with their mission have been overlooked in the social enterprise literature. Through an empirical study of four social enterprises in Scotland, UK, we focus on Design Thinking and show that, through stimulating the engagement of diverse stakeholders, generating organizational knowledge and challenging traditional power dynamics, Design Thinking assists social enterprises in inducing mission-aligned innovation. Through the lens of Intellectual Capital theory, our article shows the applicability of Design Thinking in the field of social entrepreneurship, and draws implications for policy and practice.

Lessons learned: Development of an organ transplant caregiver educational resource.

Organ transplant lay caregivers perform an essential and complex role, but there is a paucity of comprehensive, accessible education regarding transplant caregiving. We sought to create a broad, multifaceted educational toolkit for transplant caregivers. Given the complexities of this population, we report on lessons learned by organising diverse stakeholder engagement to develop an educational resource covering the breadth and depth of organ transplantation. Following a call from organ transplant patients and caregivers, the American Society of Transplantation (AST) formed an Organ Transplant Caregiver Initiative with the aim to develop a comprehensive educational toolkit for transplant caregivers. The AST Organ Transplant Caregiver Toolkit was created through a shared, multi-step process involving transplant professionals and caregivers, who formed an education subcommittee to develop and refine content domains. The caregiver toolkit was reviewed with relevant external stakeholders and through an internal organisational review process. Lessons learned included seeking guidance from others with experience creating similar resources, flexibility in project development, creativity in engaging stakeholders and routine communication between all entities involved. Insights gained contributed to the caregiver toolkit completion despite project challenges. The AST Organ Transplant Caregiver Toolkit can be utilised by health care professionals to educate and counsel transplant patients and caregivers. Lessons learned from the development of the caregiver toolkit can provide guidance to health care professionals and clinical teachers for the development of future education resources.

The ethics of ChatGPT – Exploring the ethical issues of an emerging technology

This article explores ethical issues raised by generative conversational AI systems like ChatGPT. It applies established approaches for analysing ethics of emerging technologies to undertake a systematic review of possible benefits and concerns. The methodology combines ethical issues identified by Anticipatory Technology Ethics, Ethical Impact Assessment, and Ethical Issues of Emerging ICT Applications with AI-specific issues from the literature. These are applied to analyse ChatGPT's capabilities to produce humanlike text and interact seamlessly. The analysis finds ChatGPT could provide high-level societal and ethical benefits. However, it also raises significant ethical concerns across social justice, individual autonomy, cultural identity, and environmental issues. Key high-impact concerns include responsibility, inclusion, social cohesion, autonomy, safety, bias, accountability, and environmental impacts. While the current discourse focuses narrowly on specific issues such as authorship, this analysis systematically uncovers a broader, more balanced range of ethical issues worthy of attention. Findings are consistent with emerging research and industry priorities on ethics of generative AI. Implications include the need for diverse stakeholder engagement, considering benefits and risks holistically when developing applications, and multi-level policy interventions to promote positive outcomes. Overall, the analysis demonstrates that applying established ethics of technology methodologies can produce a rigorous, comprehensive foundation to guide discourse and action around impactful emerging technologies like ChatGPT. The paper advocates sustaining this broad, balanced ethics perspective as use cases unfold to realize benefits while addressing ethical downsides.

Strengthening the Role of Higher Education in Reducing Stunting Prevention in North Sumatra

Indonesia has established specific objectives aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Program for the year 2030 in the domain of public health. These objectives primarily focus on enhancing nutritional standards and overall health quality as a means of addressing the prevailing issue of stunting. The attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) necessitates proactive preparation and effective coordination across various sectors. In the past two decades, progress in addressing the issue of stunting has been notably sluggish. On a global scale, there has been a mere 0.6% annual reduction in the prevalence of stunted growth among children since 1999. According to projections, if the current trend persists, it is anticipated that in 15 years, approximately 450 million children will be affected by growth retardation or stunting. It is hypothesized that the lack of cross-sectoral roles in preventing stunting is the causative factor. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance the role through convergence actions in order to expedite the reduction of stunting. The role of higher education involves implementing a mentoring strategy for both educators and engaging students in the Program to Accelerate the Reduction of Stunting at 10 locations in the Labuhan Batu district. This program adopts a five-pillar approach, which includes: (1) enhancing the commitment and leadership of the Village/Kelurahan Government, (2) strengthening and developing systems, data, information, research, and innovation, (3) promoting behavior change and community empowerment in terms of nutrition, healthy behavior, cooperation, and self-reliance, (4) implementing specific and sensitive interventions through a stunting caring family approach, and (5) ensuring food security at the individual, family, and community levels by optimizing the utilization of local food ingredients. The factors that promote the implementation of convergence initiatives to expedite the reduction of stunting encompass the government's dedication, alongside the engagement of diverse stakeholders from both the healthcare and non-healthcare domains.

156 Approaches to disseminating a community engagement tool through capacity building

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Despite the importance of stakeholder engagement in research, there remains a critical need for methods that facilitate the engagement of diverse stakeholders throughout the research process. We describe dissemination and capacity building for the SEED Method, which was created to involve stakeholders in the research development process. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In order to raise greater awareness of the SEED Method and to build capacity among research teams, we received funding from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) for a 2-year project to implement a plan of outreach, training, interactive learning, and technical assistance, as well as an innovative partnership with the Extension Foundation. Tools created for this project include an internet site providing tools and materials, live and on-demand webinars, training videos, SEED materials, a blog, and an interactive course/toolkit. In addition, we created a monthly learning collaborative and provided direct technical assistance to teams using the SEED Method in their research engagement projects. We evaluated user satisfaction with the tools and support provided through online surveys. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We highlight the routes to reaching potential users and diverse approaches to capacity building, including multi-media training materials, interactive learning sessions, and customized technical assistance. As a result of outreach and capacity building, there are currently 13 research teams using the SEED Method to engage stakeholders in research development across various topics. We link this result to the dissemination and capacity building strategies utilized and the paths through which teams learned about the SEED Method. We also look at how the teams are using the method in terms of project goals and approaches to adapting the SEED Toolkit. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The use of PHR continues to increase, and with it the emergence of new approaches to involve patients, stakeholders, and communities. Innovations in engagement need to reach potential users and build capacity among researchers and communities.

Diverse portfolios: Investing in tributaries for restoration of large river fishes in the Anthropocene

Rehabilitation of large Anthropocene rivers requires engagement of diverse stakeholders across a broad range of sociopolitical boundaries. Competing objectives often constrain options for ecological restoration of large rivers whereas fewer competing objectives may exist in a subset of tributaries. Further, tributaries contribute toward building a “portfolio” of river ecosystem assets through physical and biological processes that may present opportunities to enhance the resilience of large river fishes. Our goal is to review roles of tributaries in enhancing mainstem large river fish populations. We present case histories from two greatly altered and distinct large-river tributary systems that highlight how tributaries contribute four portfolio assets to support large-river fish populations: 1) habitat diversity, 2) connectivity, 3) ecological asynchrony, and 4) density-dependent processes. Finally, we identify future research directions to advance our understanding of tributary roles and inform conservation actions. In the Missouri River United States, we focus on conservation efforts for the state endangered lake sturgeon, which inhabits large rivers and tributaries in the Midwest and Eastern United States. In the Colorado River, Grand Canyon United States, we focus on conservation efforts for recovery of the federally threatened humpback chub. In the Missouri River, habitat diversity focused on physical habitats such as substrate for reproduction, and deep-water habitats for refuge, whereas augmenting habitat diversity for Colorado River fishes focused on managing populations in tributaries with minimally impaired thermal and flow regimes. Connectivity enhancements in the Missouri River focused on increasing habitat accessibility that may require removal of physical structures like low-head dams; whereas in the Colorado River, the lack of connectivity may benefit native fishes as the disconnection provides refuge from non-native fish predation. Hydrologic variability among tributaries was present in both systems, likely underscoring ecological asynchrony. These case studies also described density dependent processes that could influence success of restoration actions. Although actions to restore populations varied by river system, these examples show that these four portfolio assets can help guide restoration activities across a diverse range of mainstem rivers and their tributaries. Using these assets as a guide, we suggest these can be transferable to other large river-tributary systems.

Designing and evaluating a smartphone app to increase underserved communities’ data representation in transportation policy and planning

The current global focus on transportation equity, as well as a move towards smart mobility, highlights the need for more representative transportation data to inform transportation planning. In this case study, an interdisciplinary research team describes the process of refining and evaluating the utility of a transportation daily diary mobile-phone-based app. The process is framed through transportation equity and diverse key stakeholder engagement. The team custom-designed the app, MyAmble, to capture successful transportation behaviors, as well as latent demand, defined as travel not taken but desired, among underserved populations. Stakeholder focus groups with subject matter expert (n = 30) and end users (n = 19) were conducted prior to pilot testing the app, and post-pilot test focus groups (n = 18) and usability surveys (n = 76) were conducted to evaluate the app’s usability. Pre-pilot focus groups indicated that transportation planners desired more questions about safety and other transit modes. End users identified missing destinations, such as temporary housing locations. Post-pilot focus group members reported that using MyAmble required minimal training or technological assistance and that they had sustained confidence throughout usage. Further refinements include reducing length of daily use and resolving Broadband or data plan obstacles for end users. Designing transportation apps to collect data about transportation behaviors among underserved population members is critical to equitable transportation planning. Moreover, key stakeholder involvement in the design may produce more successful apps and those which include more relevant information for planners, as well as more inclusive travel behaviors.

“We’ve Been Forgotten”: First-Hand Perspectives on Teacher Leaders and Teacher Leadership in Urban Schools

The use of teacher leadership in PK-12 education has experienced a resurgence since the late 1990s as school leadership models have evolved to include the engagement of diverse stakeholders in school and district leadership processes aimed at improvement efforts. Despite this resurgence, there remain several barriers to understanding the nature of the work in which teacher leaders engage and the contributions that they make. This grounded theory study examined teacher perceptions of teacher leadership, the types of work in which teacher leaders do and should engage, the boundaries of that work, and barriers to teacher leadership. Leveraging interviews with teachers in a large urban school district, we found that teachers function in many domains of work and are eager for pathways to leverage their expertise, but some faced a lack of access to their school’s leadership and management space. We conclude by discussing the implications from our findings for school- and district-level leaders, local and state policymakers, and educational leadership preparation programs.

Development and evaluation of an educational curriculum for healthcare providers on overweight/obesity management in individuals with spinal cord injury based on diverse stakeholder engagement

BackgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) healthcare providers are aware of the harmful consequences of overweight/obesity in persons with SCI, but many are unaware of available information and lack training to guide weight management care in the SCI population. ObjectiveDescribe the development and content of an educational curriculum for healthcare providers to help individuals with SCI prevent or manage overweight/obesity. MethodsThe biopsychoecological framework guided curriculum planning, data collection, and product development. Thematic analysis of interviews conducted with individuals with SCI, informal caregivers, and SCI healthcare providers pinpointed central educational curriculum topics. SCI healthcare providers evaluated the curriculum. ResultsSeven comprehensive topics were developed: 1. Scope and consequences of overweight/obesity in SCI; 2. Classifying and measuring overweight/obesity in SCI; 3. Guidelines related to weight management in SCI; 4. Identifying challenges (and solutions) to weight management in SCI; 5. Strategies for providers to facilitate weight management; 6. Understanding goals, motivators, and desired feedback for weight management; and 7. Knowing how informal caregivers are affected by weight and weight management of care recipients with SCI. High ratings (>80% strong agreement) were achieved on content, word choice, organization, relevance, and actionability. Modification needs were identified and subsequently made to layout, visual aids, and provision of tangible resources. Providers described the curriculum as a scientifically rigorous resource that addresses a knowledge gap, provides population-specific content, and is useful across interdisciplinary teams. ConclusionWe developed a self-directed learning educational curriculum addressing topics most salient to stakeholders involved in overweight/obesity management of persons with SCI.

Essential Elements to Implementing a Paramedic Palliative Model of Care: An Application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Background: Comfort care without transport to hospital was not traditionally a paramedic practice. The novel Paramedics Providing Palliative Care at Home Program includes a new clinical practice guideline, medications, a database to manage and share goals of care, and palliative care training. This study determined essential elements for implementation, scale, and spread of this Program. Methods: Deliberative dialogs, a qualitative method, were held with diverse stakeholders/experts in one province with the Program (Nova Scotia, March 2018) and one without (British Columbia, July 2018). The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) informed the discussion guide and was used in a framework analysis. Four team members analyzed the data independently; themes were derived by consensus with the broader research team. Results: CFIR constructs framed several key elements. Inter-sectoral communication is critical but challenged by privacy concerns and the siloed structure of the health system. Locally adapted training is an essential characteristic of the intervention; cost is a factor. A shift in mindset away from traditional paramedic roles is required; this can be facilitated by paramedic champions and a positive implementation climate. Early engagement of diverse stakeholders and planning for sustainability is key. Conclusion: This framework analysis using CFIR constructs can guide successful scale and spread of the program. The constructs of Outer setting: Cosmopolitanism; Characteristics of the intervention: Adaptability; Inner Setting: Implementation climate; and Processes: Engagement, and Planning, emerged as essential.

Virtual Community Engagement Studio (V-CES): Engaging Mothers With Mental Health and Substance Use Conditions in Research.

Active engagement of community stakeholders is increasingly encouraged in behavioral health research, often described as a co-production approach. Community stakeholders (e.g., patients, providers, policy makers, advocates) play a leading role together with research investigators in conducting the various phases of research, including conceptualization, design, implementation, and the interpretation and dissemination of findings. The concept of co-production has promising benefits for both the target population and the research outcomes, such as producing person-centered interventions with greater acceptability and usability potential. However, it is often the case that neither researchers nor community members are trained or skilled in co-production methods. The field of behavioral health research lacks tools and methods to guide and promote the engagement of diverse stakeholders in the research process. The purpose of this methods paper is to describe the Virtual Community Engagement Studio (V-CES) as a new method for engaging vulnerable populations like mothers with mental health and substance use conditions in research. We piloted the method in collaboration with the Maternal Mental Health Research Collaborative (MMHRC), focusing on one of the most vulnerable, under-researched populations, mothers coping with mental health and/or substance abuse disorders. Our pilot included mothers and providers who work with them as Community Experts to inform all phases of research design and implementation, and the interpretation and application of findings. The aim of this article is to describe the V-CES as a powerful tool that supports the engagement of mothers with mental health and/or substance use disorders and other community stakeholders in research, to provide examples of its use, and to make recommendations for future use, based on lessons learned. The V-CES toolkit is available for use with this target population as well as others.

Responding to the Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 Among Latinx Patients in Baltimore: The JHM Latinx Anchor Strategy.

Latinx immigrants have been profoundly impacted by COVID-19. As the Johns Hopkins Health System faced a surge in admissions of limited English proficiency patients with COVID-19, it became evident that an institutional strategy to address the needs of this patient population was needed. The Johns Hopkins Medicine (JHM) Latinx Anchor Strategy was established in April 2020 with diverse stakeholder engagement to identify the most urgent community needs and develop timely solutions. The JHM Latinx Anchor Strategy provided a platform for information sharing to promote equitable access to resources for Latinxs with limited English proficiency who were impacted by COVID-19. Leveraging institutional, community, and government resources and expertise, the JHM Latinx Anchor Strategy helped establish interventions to improve access to COVID-19 testing and care for low-income immigrants without a primary care doctor and helped mitigate economic vulnerability through the distribution of food for 2,677 individuals and cash to 446 families and 95 individuals (May to August 2020). Expanded linguistic and culturally competent communication through webinars and livestream events reached more than 10,000 community members and partners. Over 7,500 limited English proficiency patients received linguistically congruent direct patient services through the Esperanza Center bilingual hotline, community testing resulting efforts, and inpatient consultations. The first stage of the JHM Latinx Anchor Strategy relied heavily on volunteer efforts. Funding for a sustainable response will be required to address ongoing COVID-19 needs, including expansion of the bilingual/bicultural healthcare workforce, expanded access to primary care, and investments in population health strategies addressing social determinants of health.

Adapting a conceptual framework to engage diverse stakeholders in genomic/precision medicine research.

IntroductionGenomic/precision medicine offers a remarkable opportunity to improve health and address health disparities. Genomic medicine is the study of genes and their interaction with health. Precision medicine is an approach to disease prevention and treatment that considers individual variability in genes, environment and lifestyle. Conclusions from studies lacking diversity may hinder generalizability as genomic variation occurs within and between populations. Historical factors, such as medical mistrust, ethical issues related to decision making, and data sharing pose complex challenges that may further widen inequities in genomic/precision medicine if not appropriately addressed. Although few biomedical studies integrate priorities of community partners into their conceptual framework, effective implementation of genomic/precision medicine research calls for the involvement of diverse stakeholders to expand traditional unidirectional models of engagement in clinical research towards authentic bidirectional collaboration.MethodsA multipronged approach was used integrating an evidence‐based literature review and best practices in developing and evaluating the engagement of diverse stakeholders in genomic and precision medicine research. This was combined with expert consensus building to adapt a conceptual model from a community engagement framework to addressing genomics to be scalable to engagement science, which is challenging to genomic/precision medicine research.ResultsThe final enhanced conceptual framework is composed of four overarching dimensions now inclusive of domains in trust, exploitation, discrimination, privacy risk, stigmatization, prior harms/injustices, failure to recognize coexisting governments, intersectionality and research transformation. This conceptual framework proposes effective participant research engagement strategies for upstream relationship building, distinct from downstream recruitment strategies in which the goal is enrolment.ConclusionTo further shape the evolution of genomic/precision medicine research, it is important to leverage existing partnerships, engage participants beyond recruitment and embrace diverse perspectives.Patient or Public ContributionIn preparation of this manuscript, the perspectives of the community partners on the impact of engaging in genomic/precision medicine research beyond research participation were integrated into this conceptual framework from various guided listening sessions held in diverse communities.

Ecosystem services research trends in Indonesia: a bibliometric analysis

Abstract. Firdaus N, Supriatna, Supriatna J. 2022. Ecosystem services research trends in Indonesia: a bibliometric analysis. Biodiversitas 23: 1105-1117. Among the world's mega-biodiversity countries in the tropics, Indonesia has experienced the most severe deforestation in recent decades. It is alarming that the rate is potentially disrupting the future provision of ecosystem services. On the other hand, there is a paucity of research on ecosystem services in Indonesia, and its current state is unknown. This study provided an overview of ecosystem services research trends in Indonesia from 1998 to 2020 using bibliometric and science mapping analysis of 298 published works from the Scopus database. Since 2013, publications on the topic have increased and grown exponentially, with environmental science dominating the subjects, followed by agriculture and biology, and the social sciences. Biodiversitas and Ecosystem Services are the most prolific journals for publishing results, while Science and Ecological Economics have the most citations. Being the most productive in publications, Indonesia and the United States are also engaged the most in research collaborations. Ecosystem services research in Indonesia is closely linked to biodiversity, deforestation, and oil palm. Furthermore, oil palm, sustainability, and land-use change are promising topics to address in the coming years. This study suggests that the dynamics of ecosystem services research in Indonesia call for further developments in improving the quality of impactful research through interdisciplinary approaches, international collaboration, and the engagement of diverse stakeholders and policy-makers related to the field, to increase the benefits of sustainable ecosystem services in the future.

Diverse stakeholder engagement at the heart of co-designing cardiac arrest care.

In this article, Greg (a 48-year-old celebrated children’s entertainer in the group “The Wiggles” and sudden cardiac arrest [SCA] survivor) and Jess (an engineer and new mother who lost her 31-year-old husband Bryan to SCA of unascertained cause) share their differing experiences of SCA and how they have targeted existing gaps in the medical landscape to contribute to a national program of research and advocacy to improve future outcomes (Figure 1).

A Review of Global Policy Mechanisms Designed for Tropical Forests Conservation and Climate Risks Management

Deforestation and forest degradation of tropical forests are major global concerns due to their ecological, social, and economic roles. In the wake of climate change and its diverse global effects, fragmentation and degradation of tropical forests have jeopardized their ability to support livelihoods and regenerate climate regulating services. Concerted efforts by local, national, and international players, which are primarily scientific, technological, or economic, have borne minimal results in safeguarding these forests from destruction, necessitating a more integrated and inclusive approach. The Rio Earth Summit (1992) brought together world leaders to set targets and priorities on the global sustainability agenda and laid a strong foundation for international policy cooperation in the future. This study employed a systematic review of articles published between 1992 and 2020 to establish how various policy mechanisms have been developed and evolved to bridge forests and climate change discourse in tropical forests while highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. The initial search of peer-reviewed publications and gray literature yielded 2622 records, which were subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria based on The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analyses guidelines, resulting in a final list of 65 records for in-depth qualitative analysis. The study establishes that the mechanisms in place have contributed mainly to more coordination and incentives to manage climate risks, primarily through tropical forests conservation. However, hurdles such as inadequate participation and involvement of the local and indigenous people, insufficient national and local policy frameworks and bureaucracies around emissions monitoring, measuring, reporting, and verification processes continue to slow tropical forest conservation. Thus, there is a need for more integrated, multilevel, and diverse stakeholder engagement to achieve the set global targets effectively.