District Of Montreal Research Articles

Living in Old Montreal: Residents’ perceptions of the effects of urban development and tourism development on local amenities

AbstractUrban development and tourism development have transformed urban environments within older neighbourhoods. While urban policies highlight the necessity of developing housing and mixed land use in tourism districts, previous studies have shown local effects of tourism and gentrification. In this paper, we focus on residents’ perceptions of the effects of urban and tourism development on local amenities such as shops, local social infrastructure, and public services. Our case study is the Old Montreal district, the population of which has more than tripled since the 1980s. We conducted a survey with 331 residents, and 20 semi‐structured interviews, analyzing their perception of Old Montreal as a place to live and their use of local amenities. Our findings revealed that, although urban and tourism development tend to limit the local amenities intended for residents, these are not necessarily perceived as incompatible with a residential living environment. In addition, residents adopt several strategies to satisfy their daily needs, but this behaviour contributes neither to the quality of the living environment, nor to a sense of place in the district. We propose to approach urban and tourism development in historic districts differently, by emphasizing the tensions and complementarities of uses rather than the incompatibility of functions.

Productive gentrification in the Mile-Ex neighbourhood of Montreal, Canada: exploring the role of the state in remaking urban industrial clusters

The Mile-Ex district of Montreal, Canada – an inner-city manufacturing cluster – is experiencing an influx of new knowledge-based firms, which in addition to residential developments threatens to displace current manufacturing firms. This study examines the competition over industrial space and how state strategies, particularly at the scale of the City, are enabling this trend. Drawing on interviews with local stakeholders and planners, a review of policy documents and field observations, we seek to expand on a nascent literature exploring the gentrification of manufacturing spaces and shed light on the different mechanisms by which the state mediates neighbourhood change.

Class Action Value

Abstract This Article attempts to clarify a proposition of certain Canadian authors that while class actions represent a significant part of our court activities, they may not truly be compensating our citizens. I argue that leading up to the present study, we did not know for certain whether a class action was an effective mechanism to compensate class members. Through empirical data collected up by the Class Actions Lab from the past twelve years from cases filed in the province of Quebec, District of Montreal, analyzed through the lens of a collective approach to compensation, I demonstrate that Quebec citizens are in fact being compensated by class actions.

Acts of the ‘Most Sanguinary Rage’: Spousal Murder in Montreal, 1825–1850

This study examines the 11 cases of wife murder (uxoricide) and 3 cases of husband murder (mariticide) identified in the judicial district of Montreal between 1825-1850, a period of considerable social flux. Through examination of judicial archives and primary sources, supplemented by comprehensive review of period newspapers, these cases allow us to examine the dynamics and causes that motivated spousal murders and offer insight into the motivations, means, and mechanics of investigation and prosecution of these crimes as well as the role of mercy and executive clemency. In so doing, it contributes to our understanding of family violence and the administration of criminal justice for an under-examined period in Canadian history. These gendered crimes reflect “traditional” male attempts to exert and maintain power dynamics and privilege through the use of ongoing violence, rather than the influence of romantic ideals and sexual jealousy reflected in other jurisdictions of the period, and rarely involved premeditated murder. Wives, in contrast, had motives that were altogether murkier, but their actions suggested they acted opportunistically to achieve their desired ends. Whatever the reasons that motivated them, these cases were set against a deeply-gendered backdrop of juridical processes and media coverage that reinforced traditional notions of gender and social mores, and in which the identity of female offenders and victims receded almost to the point of invisibility.

Acts of the “Most Sanguinary Rage”: Spousal Murder in Montreal, 1825-1850

This study examines the 11 cases of wife murder (uxoricide) and 3 cases of husband murder (mariticide) identified in the judicial district of Montreal between 1825-1850, a period of considerable social flux. Through examination of judicial archives and primary sources, supplemented by comprehensive review of period newspapers, these cases allow us to examine the dynamics and causes that motivated spousal murders and offer insight into the motivations, means, and mechanics of investigation and prosecution of these crimes as well as the role of mercy and executive clemency. In so doing, it contributes to our understanding of family violence and the administration of criminal justice for an under-examined period in Canadian history. These gendered crimes reflect “traditional” male attempts to exert and maintain power dynamics and privilege through the use of ongoing violence, rather than the influence of romantic ideals and sexual jealousy reflected in other jurisdictions of the period, and rarely involved premeditated murder. Wives, in contrast, had motives that were altogether murkier, but their actions suggested they acted opportunistically to achieve their desired ends. Whatever the reasons that motivated them, these cases were set against a deeply-gendered backdrop of juridical processes and media coverage that reinforced traditional notions of gender and social mores, and in which the identity of female offenders and victims receded almost to the point of invisibility.

Over & Underground Spaces & Networks Integrations a Case Study: The International District of Montreal

Downtown Montreal underwent a major urban renewal in 2000–2004. The Quartier international de Montréal (QIM) is held by many as one of the finest examples of urban design in Canada. The main purpose of the project was to restore the continuity of Montreal's downtown, broken by the gaping trench of the Ville-Marie Expressway since the 1960s, and thus to bridge the historic Old Montreal district the existing downtown business district centred around Place Ville-Marie. Other goals included the beautification of the built environment, creation of elegant city squares, showcase of Quebec design and public art, and stimulation of world-class real estate development at the heart of Montreal. The two major north-south underground pedestrian pathways were connected by the missing link put in place beneath the CDP Capital Centre and Place Jean-Paul Riopelle. Nearly 1.3 kilometers of underground corridors, animated by public art, were created and tripled access to the subway. The goal of the presentation is to present an approach to developing Air Rights above an underground (trench) expressway in a downtown area in consideration with urban design aspects, building design constraints, technical, legal and economic aspects. This session will examine the results of this significant original project, the ongoing vision for this major part of the city, and what future development activity is likely to take place.

Community development and social actor theories: a case study in Montréal (Canada)

Research focusing on community development processes is increasingly making use of the notion of actor. Actors are engaged in a system of actions. A range of sociological theories has given rise to the various stances adopted by social actors, including the theatrical actor, the strategic actor, the actor-network, or the reflexive actor. We review these theories in an attempt to define an analytical framework by employing what we call a bricolage methodology. The aim is to gain insight on the interactions that bind together the various stakeholders by function (acting and the actors' roles) in the fields of action (the scenes of interaction and real interventions) and on effects (the results of these actions). We then propose to apply our analytical framework to a case study on the process of developing an action plan in the Villeray district of Montreal (Quebec, Canada).

‘So Foul A Deed’: Infanticide in Montreal, 1825–1850

The preceding narrative is, in many ways, illustrative of the complex and contradictory phenomenon of infanticide in the district of Montreal during the first half of the nineteenth century. Although notices regarding the finding of infant bodies were frequent, discovery of twin infant bodies was not. This account was also unconventional in its tone: lacking the usual sterile narration typical of newspaper coverage of that topic, it cried out for the apprehension of the “perpetrator of so foul a deed.” Although the call for justice might have appeared strong, infanticide prosecutions were fairly rare and convictions rarer still. The prevalent view might have been to characterize the responsible party as an “unfeeling mother,” but the reality surrounding infanticide was altogether more complicated, yet fully as tragic.

Report and abstracts of the Joint Annual Congress of the AMBQ-CAMB 2010

The third joint congress of l’Association des Médicins Biochimistes du Québec (AMBQ) and the Canadian Association of Medical Biochemists (CAMB) was held this year from October 19 to 22 in Montreal. The setting was like last year the picturesque Hôtel Place d’Armes, which is situated in the historic Old Montreal district. There were over 60 attendees comprising both Specialists and Medical residents-in-training and representing the breadth of Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The scientific committee composed of Drs. Shaun Eintracht (SMBD-Jewish General Hospital (JGH)), Brian M. Gilfix (McGill University Health Centre (MUHC)), David Blank (MUHC), Elizabeth MacNamara (JGH), and Julie St-Cyr (St. Mary’s Hospital (SMH)) arranged a series of informative and interesting scientific sessions.

Report and Abstracts of the Joint Annual Congress of the AMBQ-CAMB 2009

The second joint congress of l’Association des Médicins Biochimistes du Québec (AMBQ) and the Canadian Association of Medical Biochemists (CAMB) was held this year from October 7 to 9 in Montreal. The setting was the picturesque Hôtel Place d’Armes, which is situated in the historic Old Montreal district. There were over 60 attendees comprising both Specialists and Medical residents-in-training and representing the breadth of Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The scientific committee composed of Dr. Jean. Dubé (Centre Hospitalier U. de Sherbrooke), Dr. Bernard Fruteau-de-Laclos (Centre Hospitalier AUQ), Dr. Élaine Letendre (Centre Hospitalier U. de Montreal), Dr. Bassam A. Nassar (Capital Health) and Dr. Claude Petitclerc (CHUM) arranged a series of informative and interesting scientific sessions. Day 1 saw a training session for the medical residents conducted by Dr. Yves Giguère (Centre Hospitalier de l’U. Laval) on Prenatal Screening. A meeting of the specialty committee of the Royal College for Medical Biochemistry followed this. A major topic of this meeting was the re-alignment of the training requirements. Day 2 began with the business meeting of the AMBQ. The scientific sessions began later that day with a session on “Pharmacotoxicology and the Role of the Laboratory” chaired by Drs. Andre Mattman (B.C. Children & Women’s Health Centre) and Bassam A. Nassar. The first speaker, Dr. Margaret Thompson (Hospital for Sick Children), in her talk “Clinical Toxicology – for the Laboratory” reviewed the role of the Ontario Poison Centre, which may serve as a model for the rest of the country. This was followed by Dr. Zulfikarali Verjee (HSC), who is clearly a master of the subject, with his talk, “Challenges in Urine Drug Screens: Ongoing Issues”. The morning session ended with Dr. Andre Mattman’s presentation “Heavy Metal Toxins – How and Why to Test in the Clinical Laboratory”. Day 3 moderated by Dr. Élaine Letendre (CHUM) focused on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The first speaker in the morning was Dr. Jacques Genest Jr. (McGill University Health Centre) who reviewed the new Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemias. He described in detail the thinking behind the new guidelines. This was followed by a presentation by Dr. Allan Jaffe (Mayo Clinic) who gave the audience a most authoritative description of the soon to be introduced fourth generation high sensitivity assays for troponins. These assays will have a marked impact on the assessment of cardiac damage perhaps even more so than the original introduction of the troponins. The afternoon featured three speakers discussing the pro and cons of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for the assessment of cardiovascular disease. Dr. Jean Grégoire (Institut de cardiologie de Montréal) presented the pro side of the debate reviewing in particular the recent Jupiter trial. Dr. James Brophy (MUHC) presented the con side of the debate in a most entertaining manner. He even had the audience performing stretching exercises! It was left to Dr. Jean Bergeron (CHUL) to provide a balanced view of the two preceding speakers. The last day, Day 4, was primarily dedicated to oral and poster presentations by the residents. A jury consisting of Drs. Jean Dubé (CHUS), Yves Guigère (CHUL), and Joël Girouard (CHUL) had the “difficult” task of awarding prizes to the best oral and to the best poster presentations. The winners this year were Dr. Alexis Blaass (U. de Montréal) for the oral presentation entitled “Characterization of a new LCAT mutation causing familial LCAT deficiency (FLD) and the role of APOE as a modifier gene of the FLD phenotype” and Dr. Adell Elsharif (McMaster U.) for the poster presentation entitled “Method Validation Study to Evaluate the Analytical Performance of the STAT–SITE Meter for the Measurement of Serum Beta-Hydroxybutyrate”. The scientific portion of the conference ended with a most comprehensive presentation on smoking cessation, both clinical approaches and therapeutics by Dr. Joanne Provencher (Hôpital Laval). Dr. Provencher reminded us that smoking cessation by an individual could be achieved with the correct support. The day and the congress ended with a business meeting of the CAMB chaired by the out going president, Dr. Bassam A. Nassar. A new executive was elected: Dr. Elizabeth MacNamara (SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, president), Dr. Yves Guigère (CHUL, vice-president), Dr. Andrew Don-Wauchope (McMaster U. Health Sciences Centre, secretary-treasurer), Dr. Andre Mattman (BCCWHC, councilor), Dr. Brian M. Gilfix (MUHC, councilor), Dr. John Heathcote (Vancouver, councilor), and Dr. Datlily Ooi (Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, councilor), We all look forward to next year’s combined meeting which is again slated to take place in Montreal in October.

Main basse sur les ressources alternatives

The idea of alternative resources is a fashion able one; however, those resources are still fighting for their financial survival and what is more, they are handicapped by power games. The alternative resources'state of affairs is described with the help of examples taken from the Montreal district and from a report on the <<Regroupement des ressources alternatives en santé mentale au Québec>> presented to an Inquiry Commission on mental health and social services.

“A Most Detestable Crime”: Gender Identities and Sexual Violence in the District of Montreal, 1803-1843

This paper explores the ambivalent attitudes of the criminal justice system, and indeed of society as a whole, towards crimes of sexual violence in Montreal from 1803-43. Nineteenth-century society acknowledged that rape was a heinous crime deserving of harsh punishment, yet the courts were confronted with a much murkier reality in which drastically different and gendered accounts of the alleged crime were presented by the accuser, the accused, and the witnesses. Female complainants defined rape in terms of personal violation; the accused conceived of it in the context of negotiation of their sexual access to women; judges and juries conceptualized rape in terms of dominant ideas about appropriate gender relations; and medical doctors understood rape in terms of bodily marks and physical signs. The criminal court for the District of Montreal becomes a microcosm in which societal ideas about relationships between men and women were articulated, constructed, resisted, and imposed.

La Cour provinciale et l'art. 96 de l'A.A.N.B.

La Cour provinciale et l'art. 96 de l'A.A.N.B.

Cluster of erythromycin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni from 1999 to 2001 in men who have sex with men, Québec, Canada.

From December 1999 to November 2001, a cluster of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni enterocolitis was suspected within the male population of Montreal. Nine men, aged 26-40 years, presented with an erythromycin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant, tetracycline-susceptible C. jejuni enterocolitis. In March 1998 and February 2000, 2 additional men, aged 23 and 27 years, were infected with an erythromycin-resistant, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline-susceptible C. jejuni. All isolates were identical according to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and flagellin typing. Epidemiological data suggested a sexually transmitted enteric infection; all patients infected with the locally acquired epidemic strain were men, the 8 patients for whom sexual orientation data were available identified themselves as men who have sex with men (MSM), and 3 of the patients had had a sexually transmitted Shigella sonnei infection during a proven outbreak among MSM. Eight patients, 6 of whom were identified as MSM, resided in a predominantly homosexual district of Montreal or its surrounding neighborhoods. The emergence of multidrug-resistant C. jejuni justifies routine susceptibility-testing of these bacteria. MSM should be educated about the prevention of sexually transmitted enteric pathogens.

The Limits of Rural Capitalism: Family, Culture, and Markets in Montcalm, Manitoba, 1870-1940

.The Limits of Rural Capitalism. is an important study of the social and economic development of the Municipality of Montcalm, a largely French-Canadian community in southern Manitoba. It challenges the view in prairie historiography that agriculture had commercialized before the west was opened to settlement, and that ethnic communities alone resisted the market's potential. Using a novel combination of demographic, financial, and legal evidence, Sylvester shows that both Ontario and Quebec migrants came west within family networks, and that neither economic individualism nor ethnic clustering overshadowed the importance of family strategies. In an environment where landed proprietorship was the norm, the demands of parents on the unpaid labour of their children constrained the growth of labour markets, and concerns for farm succession limited the accumulation of wealth. In the shadow of an industrializing and urbanizing world, these people, who came mainly from the District of Montreal and eastern Ontario, sometimes via New England, raised large families, drew largely on the unpaid labour of kin, owned their own farms, limited financial entanglements with outsiders, and established multiple heirs. While household autonomy diminished over time, the limits of rural capitalism persisted.

French Criminal Justice and Indians in Montreal, 1670-1760

Indians settled in several missions in the Montreal district exerted, during the colonial period, a powerful influence on the authorities of New France. Owing to their numbers, their proximity to French settlements, and the precarious political situation of the colony, the « domicilies » achieved a surprising degree of independence. On the basis of court records, Indians were largely excluded from French jurisdiction. They were never sentenced in a regular procedure, and they never considered the French system of justice a way to solve their internal problems. Furthermore, some traditional Indian ways of conflict resolution were accepted by the French magistrates and adopted into colonial judicial proceedings

Rape by 2 assaillants and gang rape in Montreal

A survey was conducted in 230 cases of rape and rape attempts heard in the Judicial District of Montreal between January 1975 and May 1978. Data were compiled from the 30 assaults including two or more assaillants. Results show that in cases of rape committed by two men the aggressors are older than gang rapists, meet the victim mainly in her flat or in a bar, and rape her in her own home, in a car or a hotel. In these cases, voyeurism seems to be an important factor since, most of the time, rape is committed by only one of the two aggressors. On the other hand, gang rapists are younger, meet the victim in public places, on the street or when she is hitch-hiking and attack her in one of the aggressors' house, in public places or on the street. Exhibitionism seems more present in this group of rapists. For both groups the victims are mainly single, younger than the aggressors and have diverse occupations. Finally, regarding the legal outcome half of the subjects were liberated or acquitted in both groups. Rape committed by two men had never been studied or compared with gang rape up until now. Results of this survey show dynamic and demographic differences between these two groups of sexual delinquents.

Roots of the Canadian Army: Montreal District, 1846-1870.

Roots of the Canadian Army: Montreal District, 1846-1870.

United States: Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit Decision in Re: Letter Rogatory From the Justice Court, District of Montreal, Canada

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STUDIES ON TRICHINOSIS: IV. HUMAN INCIDENCE IN MONTREAL

On the basis of 539 unselected samples examined, the incidence of human trichinosis in the Montreal district was found to be 1.5%.