District Of Lisbon Research Articles

Malocclusion in deciduous dentition: a cross-sectional study in a Portuguese preschool population

PurposeTo determine the prevalence of malocclusion in Portuguese preschool children, to characterise occlusion in the deciduous dentition, and to study the relationship between malocclusion, sex, and age.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 3–6 years old children, from 25 randomly selected kindergartens from the Lisbon district. Data were collected through an oral examination. Malocclusion was defined as the presence of any type of occlusion anomaly (anterior crossbite, edge-to-edge, increased overjet, open bite, deep overbite, posterior crossbite, scissor bite), spacing anomaly (crowding), or dentition anomaly (supernumerary teeth, agenesis, malformations). Canine class, terminal plane of the deciduous second molars and type of Baume arch were also recorded. Statistical analysis included descriptive and chi-squared test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe sample included 426 children with a global prevalence of malocclusion of 60.6%. Occlusion anomalies were the most prevalent (59.2%), the most frequent being deep overbite (27%), increased overjet (22.1%) and posterior crossbite (14.1%). Crowding had a prevalence of 1.6% and agenesis of 1.4%. Class I canine (57.3%), straight second molar terminal plane (60.1%) and type I Baume arch (53.3%) were the most common. The mean overjet was 2.6 mm (sd = 2.1) and the mean overbite was 2.2 mm (sd = 2.1). Age was associated with the presence of occlusion anomalies (p = 0.03), and increased overjet prevalence was found to be higher in girls (p = 0.03).ConclusionsThe prevalence of malocclusion was high, with occlusion anomalies being the most prevalent. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors associated with malocclusion to prevent this condition in both the deciduous and permanent dentitions.

New oportunitties center in a secondary with 3 cycle school from the district of lisbon: a case study

A Iniciativa Novas Oportunidades é um programa educativo que procura qualificar mais e melhor tanto os adultos como os jovens do nosso País. A sua natureza política e as mudanças conceptuais que esta representa tornam tão rica quanto complexa a sua implementação. Como tal, este projeto pretende avaliar a implementação de um Centro Novas Oportunidades numa determinada escola, optando, para tal, pela metodologia do estudo de caso. Neste caso, a integração da Iniciativa Novas Oportunidades, nomeadamente do Centro Novas Oportunidades, continua a ser um processo moroso e difícil. De uma forma global, é visível alguma dificuldade da escola em questionar a sua tradição e a sua natureza vocacionada para um determinado público, nomeadamente os jovens que querem prosseguir estudos para o ensino superior.

Growing up in discomfort: Exploring energy poverty and thermal comfort among students in Portugal

Energy poverty is a growing multidimensional concern worldwide, with children and young people particularly vulnerable. This age group spends a significant amount of time in both their houses and school buildings. To date, there has been little research on the dual vulnerability to inadequate thermal comfort conditions in these two environments. In Portugal, the exposure to inadequate thermal comfort in school buildings varies due to disparities in renovation efforts. This work aims to assess upper secondary school students' perception of energy poverty at home and thermal comfort inside classrooms. A survey method was employed comparing a sample of students from one renovated and one non-renovated school located in the Lisbon district. Surveys were complemented with interviews and surveys completed by other school stakeholders. The results indicate that between 4.2 and 14 % of students live in permanent discomfort (i.e., uncomfortable both at school and home). Despite the discomfort levels observed in students from the renovated school, it is possible to say that the renovation alleviated levels of discomfort. Students with health conditions and disadvantaged backgrounds were more likely to report discomfort than those who did not. This study raises awareness of an underexplored vulnerable group and provides valuable insights into the issue of energy poverty among young people. It addresses the need to incorporate this age group in energy-related school policies and future renovation programs.

A bothremydid turtle (Pleurodira) from the middle Cenomanian of Vale de Figueira (Belas, Portugal).

An unpublished turtle shell from the middle Cenomanian of Vale de Figueira, near Belas (Lisbon District, Portugal), is recognized by us as collected in 1880 under the direction of Carlos Ribeiro. No turtle remains from that region had so far been figured, described or discussed from a systematic point of view. The specimen corresponds to a partial but articulated shell. It is attributed to Pleurodira and, more specifically, to Bothremydidae. Only one pre-Campanian turtle specimen was previously identified at the infrafamilial level in the Cretaceous record of Portugal. It was a partial shell from the middle Cenomanian of Nazaré (Leiria District) attributed to the bothremydid Algorachelus peregrina, a species defined in a Spanish synchronous locality (Algora, in Central Spain). Several anatomical regions in the specimen from Vale de Figueira were not preserved in the partial carapace from Nazaré, and differences in the morphology of some elements are recognized between both shells. However, the individual studied here is also ascribed to Algorachelus peregrina, these differences being justified by intraspecific variability. Therefore, the specimen represents the second evidence on the species in Portugal, being the only one recognized for the Lisbon District.

New data on the shell anatomy of Selenemys lusitanica, the oldest known pleurosternid turtle in Europe

One of the most diverse turtle lineages in the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous record of Europe is that of the stem turtles Pleurosternidae (Paracryptodira), also distributed in North America. The oldest European representative of this lineage is the Portuguese Selenemys lusitanica, known from upper Kimmeridgian to lower Tithonian levels (Late Jurassic). The information on the shell of this taxon is so far very limited, being exclusively restricted to that provided in the publication in which the taxon was defined. New specimens from several upper Kimmeridgian to Tithonian localities in the Consolação Sub-basin of the Portuguese Lusitanian Basin, both from the Leiria District and the Lisbon District, are studied here. They include the most complete shell of the species found so far, as well as several isolated plates that allow us to improve knowledge about it. Thus, new information about the shell anatomy of Selenemys lusitanica is provided, but also about its intraspecific variability.

Equity in teaching science during times of crisis: a study with Portuguese science teachers.

This work aims to examine how science teachers ensured equity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants are six science teachers who were teaching in different middle schools within the Lisbon district. Their classes were heterogeneous, with students from different socio-economic backgrounds and ethnicities, and with diverse levels of motivation to learn science and in their academic performance in science. Data were collected through written reflections and interviews. In a crisis context such as COVID-19, which affected schools worldwide, the study contributes to deepening our knowledge about equity during crisis, presenting several measures taken by teachers to deal with the pandemic. Teachers gave instructions to their students to attend classes through public television, which was accessible to the entire population, and developed complementary materials on it. Also, they created moments of individualized support to face situations of inequity, using distance learning platforms or other means of communication. Teachers built and implemented activities that value hands-on and problem solving, enabling their students to achieve academic success. We believe this paper allows the science education community to reflect on possibilities to ensure equity in the context of unpredictable crises.

Digital technologies in Mathematics curricula and professional practices of brazilian and Portuguese teachers

This article intends to try to understand the curriculum acts of two Mathematics teachers of Basic Education from public schools in the District of Lisbon in Portugal and two teachers from the Municipal network of the city of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil about the use of digital technologies from recent curriculum reforms in countries. The case study has a qualitative methodological bias and analyzes of the discourses of these teachers were carried out, which showed the dynamics of digital technologies in the approach to interdisciplinarity through curriculum flexibility in contexts of mathematical and non-mathematical practices. The dissonance between the teachers' curriculum acts, Mathematics Education and the current curriculum proposals in the countries emerged, as well as the need to expand studies and research in the scope of Digital Literacy and Computational Thinking, so that practices are promoted that develop students' autonomy and creative process.

Tea contamination by mycotoxins and azole-resistant mycobiota – The need of a One Health approach to tackle exposures

Despite tea beneficial health effects, there is a substantial risk of tea contamination by harmful pathogens and mycotoxins. A total of 40 tea samples (17 green (raw) tea; 13 black (fermented) tea; 10 herbal infusions or white tea) were purchased from different markets located in Lisbon district during 2020. All products were directly available to consumers either in bulk (13) and or in individual packages (27). Bacterial analysis was performed by inoculating 150 μL of samples extracts in tryptic soy agar (TSA) supplemented with 0.2 % nystatin medium for mesophilic bacteria, and in Violet Red bile agar (VRBA) medium for coliforms (Gram-negative bacteria). Fungal research was performed by spreading 150 μL of samples in malt extract agar (MEA) supplemented with 0.05 % chloramphenicol and in dichloran-glycerol agar (DG18) media. The molecular detection of the Aspergillus sections Fumigati, Nidulantes, Circumdati and Flavi was carried out by Real Time PCR (qPCR). Detection of mycotoxins was performed using high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) with a mass spectrometry detector. Azole resistance screening was achieved following the EUCAST guidelines. The highest counts of total bacteria (TSA) were obtained in green raw tea (81.6 %), while for coliform counts (VRBA) were found in samples from black raw tea (96.2 %). The highest fungal counts were obtained in green raw tea (87.7 % MEA; 69.6 % DG18). Aspergillus sp. was the most prevalent genus in all samples on MEA (54.3 %) and on DG18 (56.2 %). In the raw tea 23 of the samples (57.5 %) presented contamination by one to five mycotoxins in the same sample. One Aspergillus section Fumigati isolate from green tea beverage recovered form itraconazole-Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium, presented itraconazole and posaconazole E-test MICs above MIC90 values. Our findings open further discussion regarding the One-Health approach and the necessary investment in researching biological hazards and azole-resistance associated with the production and consumption of tea (in particular green tea).

The Twisting Path to Adulthood: Roma/Cigano Youth in Urban Portugal

While there is a growing body of research on Ciganos/Roma in Portugal, little is known about how Cigano youth transition into adulthood. In this article, we address this gap by drawing on a qualitative study on the transitions of young Ciganos living in Cascais, a coastal municipality in the Lisbon district. Using a multi‐method approach, we explore the life course trajectories of Cigano youth within the areas of education, livelihoods, and marriage, and how these areas shape their transition experiences. The empirical material shows that the transition into adulthood of Cigano youth is influenced by broader structural and socio‐cultural factors. Processes of socialization, ethnicity, and gender restrict young Ciganos’ participation in education and formal labor markets, which increases their vulnerability to marginalization and exclusion in society. Cigano youth, however, initiate different pathways in their life trajectories to achieve adulthood. By focusing on the voices of Cigano youth, we challenge the homogenization of their lives in Portugal and highlight how social age and linked lives shape their transitions into adulthood.

The bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) of allotments in downtown Lisbon

In the last ten years, a growing number of studies have focused on urban green areas as potential refuges for biodiversity, where private gardens, urban parks and green roofs have relatively high diversities of wild bees. However, the western Mediterranean is still poorly studied and is a biodiversity hotspot that is already suffering the consequences of climate change. It is essential to rectify this and understand how urban settings can support biodiversity. In this context, this study provides an assessment of the taxonomic and functional composition of bee assemblages in three allotments in downtown Lisbon, Portugal. Using only an entomological net, we collected 202 specimens from April to July 2018, belonging to five families, 20 genera and 58 species, of which six are rare species in Portugal and nine first records for the Lisbon district. Megachilidae was the most diverse family, comprising 15 species, while Apidae was the most abundant family. Most of the species identified were solitary and had a generalist pollen diet, with a low incidence of social and parasitic species.

Musulmanes en Odivelas. Dinámicas y Comunidad (es)

The present study is the result of the Project Charter of Religions Odivelas, developed by the Department of Science of Religions of Lusófona University and carried out in the framework of the Municipal Plan for the Integration of Migrants (PMIM). This is the first religious cartography in Portuguese territory. The collected data deepened questions related to religious practices, social dynamics, and experiences of groups that, by and large, are constituted by immigrants. The region chosen as the object of study stands out as being one of the areas of greatest multicultural and religious richness in Lisbon District, Portugal.

FROM INDUSTRY TO TOURISM: THE CASE OF LX FACTORY IN THE ALCÂNTARA DISTRICT (LISBON)

In the past few years Lisbon has been through many changes, most of them related to the tourism growth. Alcântara is one of the neighbourhoods that became popular, once an industrial area that is presently experiencing a process of urban regeneration. Alcântara is probably the best district of Lisbon to recall the industrial era. At the same time, it has all the services that it needs to welcome visitors: diversity of tourist supplies; a vibrant image, trendy, but also authentic; a barycentric position between two well-known quarters (Baixa and Belém); a good accessibility, still being strengthened; a fast growth in accommodation supply. Arguably, an important role in the tourist development of Alcântara is played by the LX Factory, a former industrial area of around 23.000 m2, where important companies were located. LX Factory is considered a successful experiment of reconversion of an industrial space into a multifunctional complex, which still preserves the former factory atmosphere, although according to a contemporary formula. The LX Factory was inaugurated in 2008. It hosts design offices, art ateliers, start-ups, shops, restaurants, cafés, night clubs, co-working spaces, and even a hostel. It also hosts cultural activities, concerts, workshops, and a Sunday market of vintage and biological products. A previous research (Zarrilli et al., 2019) showed that LX Factory is by far the main tourist attractor of Alcântara. In this contribution, we will try to deeper investigate what we may call the LX Factory phenomenon, in terms of tourist image, flows, motivations and assessments. At this aim, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of shop owners located in its facilities. Conclusions allow us to understand LX Factory main issues from the shop owners’ perspective, regarding the commercial activity, the current image, the people who visit it, and their opinion about the neighbourhood.

Child Sexual Offenders Typologies: An Exploratory Profile Model using Multiple Correspondence and Cluster Analysis of Portuguese Convicted Offenders Sample

ABSTRACT Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) is not a recent phenomenon. However, it increased visibility in Portugal in 2002, when a news piece raised suspicions about numerous public figures. Since then, there has been an upward trend in complaints and has stabilized in recent years. Nevertheless, even though the research emerging, it presents gaps in the characteristics and modus operandi of the child sex offenders in the Portuguese context. This article presents an exploratory study, where 66 case reports of inmates in Portugal (Lisbon District) were convicted for CSA crimes recorded in the last ten years. We used the Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis as statistical procedures, focusing on the dynamics of the offense, context, number of victims, relationship, and characteristics of the offense. With this analysis, we identified four distinct profiles, which occurs with both techniques. In addition, we found differences regarding the use of aggressivity and/or treating during or after the offense, nature of abuse and introduced the crime admission as an active variable, with contributions to the model definition. According to these results and international literature, we defined our groups in four types: Regressed, Indiscriminate, Inadequate, and Violent. We discuss our results based on the international models and demonstrate affinities with them.

Electric Mobility in Portugal: Current Situation and Forecasts for Fuel Cell Vehicles

In recent years, the growing concern for air quality has led to the development of sustainable vehicles to replace conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Currently, the most widespread technology in Europe and Portugal is that of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) or plug-in HEV (PHEV) electric cars, but hydrogen-based transport has also shown significant growth in the commercialization of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) and in the development of new infrastructural schemes. In the current panorama of EV, particular attention should be paid to hydrogen technology, i.e., FCEVs, which is potentially a valid alternative to BEVs and can also be hybrid (FCHEV) and plug-in hybrid (FCPHEV). Several sources cited show a positive trend of hydrogen in the transport sector, identifying a growing trend in the expansion of hydrogen infrastructure, although at this time, it is still at an early stage of development. At the moment, the cost of building the infrastructure is still high, but on the basis of medium/long-term scenarios it is clear that investments in hydrogen refueling stations will be profitable if the number of Fuel Cell vehicles increases. Conversely, the Fuel Cell vehicle market is hampered if there is no adequate infrastructure for hydrogen development. The opportunity to use Fuel Cells to store electrical energy is quite fascinating and bypasses some obstacles encountered with BEVs. The advantages are clear, since the charging times are reduced, compared to charging from an electric charging post, and the long-distance voyage is made easier, as the autonomy is much larger, i.e., the psycho-sociological anxiety is avoided. Therefore, the first part of the paper provides an overview of the current state of electric mobility in Portugal and the strategies adopted by the country. This is necessary to have a clear vision of how a new technology is accepted by the population and develops on the territory, that is the propensity of citizens to technological change. Subsequently, using current data on EV development and comparing information from recent years, this work aims to investigate the future prospects of FCEVs in Portugal by adopting a dynamic model called SERA (Scenario Evaluation and Regionalization Analysis), with which it is possible to identify the Portuguese districts and cities where an FC charging infrastructure is expected to be most beneficial. From the results obtained, the districts of Lisbon, Porto and Aveiro seem to be the most interested in adopting FC technology. This analysis aims to ensure a measured view of the credible development of this market segment.

Toscana Virus: Ten Years of Diagnostics in Portugal.

Toscana virus (TOSV) is an emerging sandfly-borne virus within the Phlebovirus genus. Although most infections caused by this virus present as asymptomatic or with minimal symptomatology, TOSV may emerge as a febrile disease or sporadic cases of neurological disease such as meningitis or meningoencephalitis. This pathogen is distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin, along with the spatial distribution of its recognized sandfly vector, Phlebotomus perniciosus. Portugal, after Italy, was the second country considered endemic for this virus, with the first case of acquired infection published in 1985. Although little is known about the circulation of this virus in Portugal, the laboratory diagnosis of TOSV is available at the Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research of the National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (CEVDI/INSA), since 2007. The aim of this study is to report the results of the diagnosis of TOSV at the CEVDI/INSA, between 2009 and 2018. The diagnosis of TOSV in the CEVDI/INSA is included in the arboviruses and vector-borne neurotropic viruses panels or can be performed, when specified, for TOSV only. Direct detection is made in cerebrospinal fluid samples and is available for TOSV by specific real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction followed by conventional real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for sequencing purposes, if positive. For indirect diagnosis, performed in serum samples, an in-house immunofluorescence assay for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against TOSV is used. A commercial immunofluorescence assay consisting in a mosaic of four phleboviruses is also available, in which, in addition to TOSV, antibody detection for sandfly fever Naples virus, sandfly fever Sicilian virus and sandfly fever Cyprus virus can be done. All diagnostic tests requested by clinicians to the CEVDI/INSA for arboviruses, neurotropic viruses and/or TOSV between January 2009 and December 2018, were included in this study. During the study period, the CEVDI/INSA received samples from 608 patients with diagnostic requests for TOSV. Five acute TOSV infections and one acute sandfly fever Sicilian virus infection were confirmed in serum samples. Three other patients had serological evidence of previous contact with the virus. Two of the six patients with acute infection developed febrile syndrome, and the other four presented with neurological disease: meningitis (n = 2), meningoencephalitis (n = 1) and severe depression of consciousness (n =1). These infections were most likely acquired in the districts of Faro (3), Lisbon (2) and Setúbal (1). In Portugal, the number of laboratory diagnostic requests for TOSV is low when compared to the numbers of requests for other less prevalent vector-borne viruses. The Faro district presented the highest number of TOSV-specific diagnostic requests which seems to indicate a higher level of recognition by clinicians in that region. Febrile syndrome and neurological disease were the clinical manifestations that were present in acute cases. In this study, in addition to the Faro district, recent infections were also detected in the districts of Lisbon and Setúbal. It is probable that TOSV may be distributed throughout the mainland territory since its main vector is present from north to south. In 2017, the sandfly fever Sicilian virus was associated for the first time with human disease in our country, thus alerting to the circulation of this phlebovirus. Even though the number of identified cases in Portugal is low, TOSV circulates and causes disease in our country. The diagnosis of this and other phleboviruses should not be neglected in the differential diagnosis of febrile syndrome and viral meningitis and meningoencephalitis, especially during the warmer months, when the vector's activity is higher.

Gender differences in mental health, academic life satisfaction and psychological vulnerability in a sample of college freshmen: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Gender differences among undergraduates are mainly found in the prevalence of common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and sexual violence. However, there is a lack of information in the literature about gender differences in academic life satisfaction and psychological vulnerability among freshmen. Thus, this study aimed to identify gender differences in demographics, mental health, academic life satisfaction, and psychological vulnerability of freshmen. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 560 Portuguese freshmen. An online survey was used to collect data in all 29 Lisbon District colleges. Data were collected through a demographic and academic data questionnaire, the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38), the Academic Life Satisfaction Scale (ALLS), the Psychological Vulnerability Scale (PVS), and a question to assess students’ perception of their vulnerability. We found significant gender-related differences (p < .05) in all subscales of MHI-38, the ALLS-Personal Satisfaction subscale, and the self-perception of vulnerability. Overall, freshmen women presented worse scores in all subscales of MHI-38, in ALLS-Personal Satisfaction subscale, and a higher self-perception of vulnerability. These findings emphasize the need to design and implement mental health promotion activities, mainly focused on the needs of freshmen women, in colleges.

Preliminary validation of bumby RAPE and MOLEST scales: Exploratory factorial analysis

Introduction Cognitive distortions are considered an important element to understanding the support mechanisms of sexual aggression. Different Instruments have been developed for the assessment of sexual abuse and rape. In 1996, Bumby [1] developed two scales to assess cognitive distortions in these typologies of aggressors, MOLEST and RAPE. This paper aims to present the exploratory factor analysis of both instruments in a forensic sample and presents a proposal of factor structure with subscales, based on the conceptual models of Ward and Keenan [2] and Ward [3]. Materials and methods The data for this study were collected at Prison in Lisbon District (Portugal) between 2017-2019 after prior approval of the Directorate General for Reinsertion and Prison Services (DGRSP). From a total of 266 individuals (male) convicted by sexual abuse and rape, it was possible to obtain N = 71 (Age: M = 43.8 SD = 11.69; relations: 47.9% was married or in union; 32.4% has High School Education). Were excluded initially from sample, analphabets and non-Portuguese’s. All individuals were invited to participate in the study being explained that it was confidential and would not be benefitted or harmed for participate. The instruments used were MOLEST (38 items) and RAPE (36 items), both developed by Bumby (1996, Portuguese version by Baúto, Cardoso & Leal, 2014). For the data treatment was used IBM© SPSS© Version 20. All ethical principles have been considered and approved by the Portuguese Prison Services. Results Significant levels of reliability and validity for both Scales were found. Regarding MOLEST Scale we tested the possibility of subscales, generated by grouping of items based on the varimax rotation method with principal component analysis. In the case of MOLEST, five sub-scales were defined and, in the RAPE, four sub-scales, categorised according to the Ward & Keenan [2] and Ward [3] models and defined as implicit theories. With reference to MOLEST we found a KMO = 0.607 (mediocre) with good Cronbach alphas for each of the five sub-scales (α = 0.912; α = 0.859; α = 0.856; α = 0.868; α = 0.799). These five subscales explain 44.85% of total variance. The RAPE has a KMO = 0.658 (mediocre) and four subscales have been defined which also have good Cronbach alphas (α = 0.867; α = 0.877; α = 0.839; α = 0.906). This sub-scale proposal explains 42.45% of the variance. Discussion and conclusions The exploratory factorial analysis presents itself as promising, and it is necessary to use in the next phase a confirmatory factorial analysis that allows to test the consistency of the proposed model. The categorisation of the scale enhances its use in clinical practice, allowing the identification of primordial modes of functioning by the evaluated subjects.

Drought effects on specific-cause mortality in Lisbon from 1983 to 2016: Risks assessment by gender and age groups

Portugal (Southwestern Europe) experiences a high incidence of dry hazards such as drought, a phenomenon that entails a notable burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. For the first time in the Lisbon district, a time-series study was conducted to evaluate the impact of drought measured by the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) on the daily natural, circulatory, and respiratory mortality from 1983 to 2016. An assessment by gender and adult age population groups (45–64, 65–74, ≥75 years old) was included. To estimate the relative risks and attributable risks, generalised linear models with a Poisson link were used. Additionally, the influence of heatwaves and atmospheric pollution for the period from 2007 to 2016 (available period for pollution data) was considered. The main findings indicate statistically significant associations between drought conditions and all analysed causes of mortality. Moreover, SPEI shows an improved capability to reflect the different risks. People in the 45–64 year-old group did not indicate any significant influence in any of the cases, whereas the oldest groups had the highest risk. The drought effects on mortality among the population varied across the different study periods, and in general, the men population was affected more than the women population (except for the SPEI and circulatory mortality during the long study period). The short-term influence of droughts on mortality could be explained primarily by the effect of heatwaves and pollution; however, when both gender and age were considered in the Poisson models, the effect of drought also remained statistically significant when all climatic phenomena were included for specific groups of the total population and men. This type of study facilitates a better understanding of the population at risk and allows the development of more effective measures to mitigate the drought effects on the population.

Tuberculosis’ surveillance in a group of primary healthcare centres of Lisbon district

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB), a communicable disease, is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent and one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Its burden varies among different countries. In the 31 European Economic Area member states, in 2017, the TB notification rate was 10.7/100,000 population; in Portugal, this rate was 17.5/100,000 population and the majority of the notified cases occurred in two districts: Lisbon and Oporto. The aim of this study is to analyse TB's notifications in a group of primary healthcare centres of Loures-Odivelas (ACES LO), between 2015 and 2019. Methods An observational, descriptive, retrospective, quantitative study was performed. Data was collected in January 2020, from the National System of Epidemiological Surveillance Database. Variables included were: age, sex, TB's presentation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, HIV testing. Descriptive analysis was performed for all variables. Results In ACES LO, notified cases of TB dropped 18.0% between 2015 and 2017, having since increased by 54.8% (n = 113), a notification rate of 32.3/100,000 population in 2019. The male to female ratio was 1.7 and the most affected age group was the 30-40 year old group (n = 25). Notified cases in children &amp;lt;10 years old have increased from 0 in 2016 to 7 in 2019. Pulmonary TB was reported in 73.5% (n = 83) of the notified cases; in 56.6% (n = 64), antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that first-line treatment would be effective; HIV testing was positive in 10.6% (n = 12). Conclusions Surveillance is the first step towards taking action to control and eliminate TB. ACES LO has a high notification rate of TB, therefore effort should be made in order to reduce TB's incidence. More investigation should be performed in order to evaluate the possibility of reintroduction of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine to the general population, instead of only risk groups, as it happens in ACES LO since 2016. Key messages Surveillance is one of the ten essential Public Health operations, allowing us to measure and analyse health problems in a certain population. Tuberculosis’ incidence is still high in some populations; it is a critical issue to raise awareness about.

Portuguese mathematics teachers who adopt digital technologies in their curriculum acts

O artigo tem como objetivo compreender os atos curriculares de dois professores de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas do Distrito de Lisboa, em Portugal, no que se refere ao uso de tecnologias digitais baseadas em reformas recentes no país. O estudo de caso possui viés metodológico qualitativo e foram realizadas análises das falas desses professores, as quais evidenciaram a dinâmica das tecnologias digitais na abordagem da interdisciplinaridade, no âmbito da disciplina Tecnologia da Informação, por meio da Flexibilidade Curricular em matemática e não matemática. contextos matemáticos. Surgiu também a dissonância entre os atos curriculares dos professores, a Educação Matemática e as propostas curriculares em vigor no país, bem como a necessidade de ampliar estudos e pesquisas na área de Alfabetização Digital e Pensamento Computacional, para que possam ser promovidas práticas. que desenvolvem a autonomia e o processo criativo dos alunos.