Districts Of Lima Research Articles

Effectiveness of Mindfulness Therapy as a Complement to Pharmacological Treatment in the Control of Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Lima, Peru.

To evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy as an adjunct to pharmacological treatment for improving blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive adult patients at a health center in Lima, Peru. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a quantitative and longitudinal cohort approach. The participants included 50 adults who were diagnosed with hypertension and who regularly attended the health center in the Villa El Salvador district of Lima, Peru. The data were collected using three instruments: the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), validated in Peru; a sociodemographic questionnaire; and a BP recording sheet. The Wilcoxon test was utilized to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy on BP control, while the nonparametric Friedman test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy considering confounding factors. Therapy resulted in favorable outcomes for BP control. After eight sessions, the average systolic BP decreased from 122.8 to 115.0mm Hg (a reduction of 7%), and the average diastolic BP decreased from 78.1 to 69.9mm Hg (a reduction of 11%). Mindfulness is an effective complementary therapy for controlling BP in hypertensive adults. It also helps reduce confounding factors such as stress, anxiety, and depression.

Maternal sensitivity and child attachment security in a low SES Peruvian sample: longitudinal relationships

ABSTRACT We tested the generalizability of the sensitivity-security link in a sample of 35 preschooler-mother dyads from a low socioeconomic district in Lima, Peru. We first describe maternal sensitivity and attachment security at two timepoints during early childhood. Second, we investigated the stability of attachment security and maternal sensitivity over a time span of one year. Third, we tested the association between sensitivity and security at each timepoint. Finally, we investigated whether changes in maternal sensitivity predict changes in child security. The results indicated that sensitivity and security were lower than scores reported in the literature for middle-class samples. T2 maternal sensitivity scores were significantly higher than T1 sensitivity scores, and no significant differences were found between T1 and T2 security. Sensitivity and security were associated at both timepoints, after controlling for socio-demographic variables. One-tail test indicated that changes in maternal sensitivity were associated with changes in child security.

Environmental Impact Analysis as a Consequence of Cement Production in Villa María del Triunfo, Lima 2023

The objective of the research was to explain the environmental impact in a district of Lima as a consequence of the cement production carried out by the factory in a traditional way. The study was conducted under the interpretative paradigm, with a qualitative approach, descriptive level, basic type and phenomenological design. The informants were a diverse group to obtain responses: eight people, including municipal employees and specialists, managers and residents. A semi-structured interview guide was used as an instrument and the in-depth interview technique was applied. The criteria of scientific rigor were met transferability, credibility, dependability and auditability. The textual responses were processed with Atlas.ti, coding and interpretation were carried out using the inductive method. The results report that the factory produces cement in a traditional rustic way and emits highly harmful clinker, gases and cement dust that is spread in the air, water and soil of the district. It has been concluded that the toxic substances have a significant negative impact on the environment, polluting the air, soil and water. As a consequence of pollution, people's health has been affected, developing diseases such as skin and lung disorders.

Tecnología financiera al servicio del cliente: percepción sobre herramientas digitales bancarias en Lima

The scientific study aims to establish the perception of banking customers in a district of Lima, Peru, regarding the effect of digital tools on the quality of service and customer care in the banking sector. It is based on a positivist approach, adopting a quantitative paradigm through a descriptive, non-experimental, and cross-sectional field method. The research employs a probabilistic random sampling method to select a representative sample of 350 banking customers in Lima, Peru. Data collection is conducted through surveys using a 21-question questionnaire. Before its implementation, the questionnaire underwent a pilot test and was evaluated by a panel of five experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was verified using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, obtaining an index of 0.87. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.27 statistical software and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The results revealed a positive perception among banking customers about the impact of digital tools applied in the banking sector on the quality of service and customer care. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of understanding individual user expectations and ensuring a regulatory framework that fosters customer trust. The research concludes by emphasizing the positive perception of banking customers regarding the impact of financial technology on the quality of service and customer care in the banking sector.

Iron Trace Elements Concentration in PM10 and Alzheimer's Disease in Lima, Peru: Ecological Study.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been linked to air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM). PM comprises various elements, including iron-rich particles that may reach the brain through inhalation. Lima, Peru is one of the most polluted cities in Latin America, with a high rate of AD. The study aims to evaluate the association between iron (Fe) trace elements in PM10 and AD cases in Lima, Peru. This retrospective ecological study used monthly Fe concentration data from the Peruvian Ministry of Health. AD cases (ICD-10-G30) and dementia in AD cases (DAD, ICD-10-F00) were obtained from the Peruvian CDC. Fe trace element data were available for six districts in Lima for the years 2017-2019 and 2022. Cases were standardized based on ≥60-year-old populations of each district. Hierarchical mixed-effects models of Gaussian and negative binomial families were constructed to evaluate both outcomes jointly (AD + DAD) and separately (AD, and DAD). A sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding data from Lima's downtown district. In the complete model, log-Fe concentration was associated with a higher rate of AD + DAD and DAD, and with a higher IRR for the three outcomes. After controlling for other metals, a higher DAD rate was observed (β-coeff = 6.76, 95%CI 0.07; 13.46, p = 0.048), and a higher IRR for AD + DAD (1.55, 95%CI 1.09; 2.20, p = 0.014) and DAD (1.83, 95%CI 1.21; 2.78, p = 0.004). The association was not significant in the sensitivity analysis. In conclusion, exposure to Fe through PM10 inhalation may be associated with the presence of AD in Lima.

Barriers and facilitators to tuberculosis diagnosis in Lima, Peru: a mixed methods study

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) infectiousness decreases significantly with only a few days of treatment, but delayed diagnosis often leads to late treatment initiation. We conducted a sequential explanatory mixed methods study to understand the barriers and facilitators to prompt diagnosis among people with TB.MethodsWe enrolled 100 adults who started TB treatment in the Carabayllo district of Lima, Peru, between November 2020 and February 2022 and administered a survey about their symptoms and healthcare encounters. We calculated total diagnostic delay as time from symptom onset to diagnosis. We conducted semi-structured interviews of 26 participants who had a range of delays investigating their experience navigating the health system. Interview transcripts were inductively coded for concepts related to diagnostic barriers and facilitators.ResultsOverall, 38% of participants sought care first from public facilities and 42% from the private sector. Only 14% reported being diagnosed with TB on their first visit, and participants visited a median of 3 (interquartile range [IQR] health facilities before diagnosis. The median total diagnostic delay was 9 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 4–22), with a median of 4 weeks (IQR 0–9) before contact with the health system and of 3 weeks (IQR 0–9) after. Barriers to prompt diagnosis included participants attributing their symptoms to an alternative cause or having misconceptions about TB, and leading them to postpone seeking care. Once connected to care, variations in clinical management, health facility resource limitations, and lack of formal referral processes contributed to the need for multiple healthcare visits before obtaining a diagnosis. Facilitators to prompt diagnosis included knowing someone with TB, supportive friends and family, referral documents, and seeing a pulmonologist.ConclusionsMisinformation about TB among people with TB and providers, poor accessibility of health services, and the need for multiple encounters to obtain diagnostic tests were major factors leading to delays. Extending the hours of operation of public health facilities, improving community awareness and provider training, and creating a formal referral process between the public and private sectors should be priorities in the efforts to combat TB.

Municipal Statistics in the Early Republic: The First District of Lima in 1831

El texto aborda aspectos socioeconómicos relacionados con la ciudad de Lima, durante la República Temprana (1821-1860). Lo que, a partir del estudio sociodemográfico del distrito primero del censo municipal de Lima de 1831, se realiza una caracterización socioespacial durante la tercera década del siglo XIX, un periodo de fuerte inestabilidad socioeconómica, que ofrece una imagen sobre el cambio a través del análisis diacrónico del barrio tercero entre 1824 y 1831. Es decir, de una sola unidad administrativa básica del registro estadístico limeño. Los resultados de ambos muestran que la nueva red de subalternos de la administración local de la República Temprana mantuvo la tradición de conteo poblacional, durante el periodo tardo virreinal con relativa eficiencia, además de generar registros que corroboran las tendencias demográficas y espaciales observadas en censos más completos durante el mismo periodo.

The Effect of Schema-Based Instruction to Improve Mathematics Problem-Solving Ability of Elementry Students

Mathematical problem-solving ability is one of the skills that need to be taught to students since learning in elementary school. Mathematical problem-solving ability can be known from students' understanding of the information known and asked in the problem. They are also expected to be able to plan problem-solving strategies and perform appropriate calculation operations. Fifth-grade students of public elementary schools in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara still have difficulty solving problem solving problems. For this reason, the Schema Based Instruction (SBI) method was applied to improve students' mathematics problem-solving skills. This study aims to determine the effect of the SBI method on the mathematical problem-solving ability of fifth-grade elementary school students. This research used an experimental method with research design is posttest-only control group design. The research was conducted in class V in one of the public schools in Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City, NTT. The research instrument was a post-test question in the form of an essay of six numbers. The post-test results were tested using the T-test and post-hock to determine whether there was an effect of the SBI method on mathematical problem-solving skills. The calculation results show that the learning outcomes of students who learn using the SBI method are higher than students who learn using the expository method. It can be concluded that the SBI method can be used as one of the references for learning methods that can be used in learning mathematics in elementary schools to improve mathematical problem-solving skills. Keywords: Schema Based Instruction, Mathematics Problem-Solving Ability, Elementry School

Using Divide-and-Conquer to Improve Tax Collection

Abstract Tax collection with limited enforcement capacity may be consistent with both high- and low-delinquency regimes: high delinquency reduces the effectiveness of threats, thereby reinforcing high delinquency. We explore the practical challenges of unraveling the high-delinquency equilibrium using a mechanism design insight known as divide-and-conquer. Our preferred mechanism takes the form of prioritized iterative enforcement (PIE). Taxpayers are ranked using the ratio of expected collection to capacity use. Collection threats are issued in small batches to ensure high credibility and induce high compliance. Following repayments, liberated capacity is used to issue the next round of threats. In collaboration with a district of Lima, we experimentally assess PIE in a sample of 13,432 property taxpayers. The data validate and refine our theoretical framework. A semi-structural model suggests that keeping collection actions fixed, PIE would increase tax revenue by roughly 10%.

Tanggung Jawab Pengguna dan Pemilik Kendaraan dalam Sewa-Menyewa Kendaraan Mobil B354 Rent Car di Kecamatan Kelapa Lima Kota Kupang

This study aims to analyze the responsibilities of users and vehicle owners in the lease of B354 Rent Car vehicles in Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City. This type of research is empirical juridical research, primary data obtained by interview with 8 respondents and supported by secondary data, qualitative descriptive data analysis. The results of this study indicate that in its implementation the responsibilities that occur at B354 Rent Car are still not in accordance with what the rights and obligations of each party are contained in a mutual agreement in an agreement made orally or in writing, there is still negligence from the renter which results in non-achievement of achievements in the agreement that has been made together. Factors inhibiting the implementation of the rental agreement from the rental party do not carry out the agreement in writing with all parties who rent properly because the procedure for implementing the agreement is too complicated and takes a long time and the ignorance of the tenants with the agreement and the importance of the agreement is made and the weakness of the existing rules. Tenants and business actors must be educated about rental procedures, especially car leases and there must be special attention from the government to business actors and the public regarding the rules and procedures for implementing agreements in leases and the importance of written agreements.

The Impact of Gastronomic Tourism on the Miraflores District in Lima, Peru

The Impact of Gastronomic Tourism on the Miraflores District in Lima, Peru

Calculation Analysis of Erosion Rates and Sedimentation Transport in the Liliba Watershed

Erosion is the loss or erosion of land or parts of land from a place by water or wind. Erosion causes the loss of fertile soil layers that are good for plant growth and reduces the soil's ability to absorb and retain water. The Liliba watershed area in Kupang City includes Maulafa District, Oebobo District, Kelapa Lima District. The Liliba River Watershed (DAS) is part of the development of the Noelmina River area which flows into Oesapa Beach. The Liliba watershed has an area of 4,534 hectares with a main river length of 20,176.22 m. Using the USLE Method and SDR Transport Analysis, it was found that the erosion that occurred was 3.72 tonnes per year and the amount of sediment transport that occurred was 2.73 tonnes per year.

Pengaruh jenis substrat berbeda dalam proses penggemukan kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) di CV. Elitism NTT, Kelurahan Oesapa Barat, Kecamatan Kelapa Lima, Kota Kupang

This research aims to determine how different types of substrate affect the duration of growth during the fattening phase of mud crabs (Scylla serrata). Carried out for one month at CV.Elitsm NTT, in West Oesapa Village, Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City. Randomized Block Design (RAK) was used in this research which consisted of four treatments and replications. The treatments given include: Muddy substrate with mangrove leaves (A), Muddy substrate (B), Mangrove leaf substrate (C), and Without substrate (D). The findings show that the use of muddy substrates with mangrove leaves provides the most beneficial results in accelerating the growth period during the mud crab fattening process. In 14 days after cultivation, the mud crabs were already developing well.
 
 Keywords: Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata), fattening and substrate.

Knowledge and attitude about the importance of maintaining primary dentition in parents of the Cercado de Lima District

To determine the influence of parents on the development of healthy oral hygiene habits in children. A basic, descriptive, prospective, and cross-sectional research was carried out using a 15-question questionnaire instrument, with which information on the educational level, age, and sex of the parents was collected. In order to determine the adjustment of the probability distributions to each other, the non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied. Subsequently, the statistical tests of Kendall’s Tau and Spearman’s Correlation were used at a significance level of p < 0.05. Most parents demonstrated a medium level of knowledge and attitude toward the importance of maintaining primary dentition, regardless of their educational level, gender, or age. However, the study did not find significant relationships between these factors and knowledge or attitude on the topic. Similarly, attitude showed average levels in general, with no critical relationship with education, gender, or age. Parents generally had a medium level of knowledge and attitude, regardless of their educational status, gender, or age. There are no significant relationships found between these factors (education, sex, and age) and the level of knowledge and attitude about the importance of preserving primary dentition.

Multi-step ahead ozone level forecasting using a component-based technique: A case study in Lima, Peru

<abstract><p>The rise in global ozone levels over the last few decades has harmed human health. This problem exists in several cities throughout South America due to dangerous levels of particulate matter in the air, particularly during the winter season, making it a public health issue. Lima, Peru, is one of the ten cities in South America with the worst levels of air pollution. Thus, efficient and precise modeling and forecasting are critical for ozone concentrations in Lima. The focus is on developing precise forecasting models to anticipate ozone concentrations, providing timely information for adequate public health protection and environmental management. This work used hourly O$ _{3} $ data in metropolitan areas for multi-step-ahead (one-, two-, three-, and seven-day-ahead) O$ _{3} $ forecasts. A multiple linear regression model was used to represent the deterministic portion, and four-time series models, autoregressive, nonparametric autoregressive, autoregressive moving average, and nonlinear neural network autoregressive, were used to describe the stochastic component. The various horizon out-of-sample forecast results for the considered data suggest that the proposed component-based forecasting technique gives a highly consistent, accurate, and efficient gain. This may be expanded to other districts of Lima, different regions of Peru, and even the global level to assess the efficacy of the proposed component-based modeling and forecasting approach. Finally, no analysis has been undertaken using a component-based estimation to forecast ozone concentrations in Lima in a multi-step-ahead manner.</p></abstract>

Analisis Struktur Komunitas Hutan Bakau Di Pantai Paradiso Kelurahan Oesapa Barat Kecamatan Kelapa Lima Kota Kupang

Mangroves have high ecological and economic value for local communities, as spawning grounds, nursery grounds, feeding grounds for marine life, and act as protection against abrasion. Protected mangrove forests provide many choices for coastal communities to meet economic needs. However, the activities and exploitation of humans that increase from time to time can threaten, destroy and even reduce the stability of the life, quantity and quality of mangrove forests. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical parameters of the environment, the species composition and structure of the mangrove forest community in Paradiso Beach, Oesapa Barat Village, Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City. This research is quantitative descriptive. This research is located at Paradiso Beach, Oesapa Barat Village, Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City. Methods of data collection by making observations and recording the results of observations and interviews in the field, analysis in the laboratory and documentation. Data analysis begins with data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that station I had parameters of temperature (270C), pH (8.08), salinity (20.5‰), DO (6.42mg/l) and station II had parameters of temperature (280C), pH (7.99), salinity (21.7‰), DO (7.43 mg/l), the parameters of the two points of this station meet the environmental quality standards for mangrove forest communities. The composition of mangrove forest types at the two station points only consisted of 3 families with 3 mangrove species, namely Sonnetaria alba, Rhizophora apiculata, and Avicennia alba. Community structures of the mangrove forest at station I and station II were categorized as damaged with rare criteria at the tree level, sapling level and seedling level. Importance Value Index (INP) of station I (258%) and station II (222.1%), this shows that Sonneratia alba has a higher level of spatial tenure in mangrove forest communities, diversity index (H') at station I (0.64) and station II (0.71), this shows that the mangrove forest community has environmental stability. and the uniformity index (J') of station I (0.68) and station II (0.76), this shows an unbalanced distribution pattern between tree species in mangrove forest communities, and dominance index (D) of station I (0,61) and Station II (0.51), this shows the concentration and distribution of the dominant Sonneratia alba species in the mangrove forest community of Paradiso Beach, West Oesapa Village, Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City.

Interacción social, cultura y prevalencia de anemia infantil en un distrito limeño (2017-2021)

The research «Social interaction, culture and prevalence of childhood anemia in a district of Lima (2017-2021)» was carried out in the district of San Martín de Porres. The main objective was to describe and explain the socio-family factors that affect the generation and prevalence of anemia in children from 6 to 35 months. The method has been mixed; 320 surveys and 5 life stories were applied. The information has been processed in the Statistical-Informatics Program SPSS (version 25). Main results, 80.31% of children had mild or acute anemia, the age of 60% of the mothers ranged from 18 to 29 years, 54% of them have only studied secondary school, 72% come from the coast, 72% do not work outside the home, 41% of families have an income of 930 soles per month, 22% less than 930, 21% an income of 1,000 soles and 17% equal to or greater than 1500.00. 51% of families share the family pot with more than 5 people, 56.56% are cohabitants, 28.44% single mothers and 48.13% live alone. The social conditions and the culture of mothers, with anemic children, are determining factors to prevent and restore them from said disease.

1381. Barriers and Facilitators to Prompt Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Lima, Peru

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) infectiousness decreases significantly with only a few days of therapy, but delayed diagnosis often leads to late treatment initiation. We conducted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study to understand the barriers and facilitators to prompt diagnosis and identify areas for improvement. Methods We enrolled 100 adults who started TB therapy in the Carabayllo district of Lima, Peru, between November 2020 and February 2022 and administered a survey about their symptoms and healthcare encounters. We calculated the time from symptom onset to first healthcare visit and to diagnosis. We conducted semi-structured interviews of 26 participants who had a range of delays, investigating their experiences navigating the health system. Interview transcripts were inductively coded for concepts related to diagnostic barriers and facilitators and suggestions for improvement. Results Overall, 38% of patients sought care from public facilities and 42% from the private sector. Only 33% reported being diagnosed with TB on their first visit. The median total diagnostic delay was 9 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 4–22), with a median of 4 weeks (IQR 0–9) before contact with the health system and of 3 weeks (IQR 0–9) after. There was a median of 3 (IQR 2–4) health visits before diagnosis. Several factors contributed to a delayed diagnosis. Many patients attributed their symptoms to an alternative cause or had misconceptions about the disease, and often postponed seeking care. Once they sought care, the vast majority of patients had multiple encounters, sometimes alternating between the public and private sectors. Having a referral document and being seen by a pulmonologist often expedited the diagnosis. Several patients identified a need for more education about the disease through community campaigns and for better access to pulmonologists. Factors impacting the time to diagnosis of tuberculosis in the Carabayllo district of Lima, Peru Conclusion We identified important diagnostic delays related to both patient- and health system-associated factors. Misinformation about TB, poor accessibility of health services, and the need for multiple encounters to obtain diagnostic tests were major factors leading to delays. Better strategies for community education and integration between the public and private sectors should be priorities in the efforts to combat TB. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Deteksi Escherichia coli Resisten Antibiotik pada Sumber Air dari Lingkungan Peternakan Unggas di Kecamatan Kelapa Lima Kota Kupang”

Clean water is water that can be used for daily purposes whose quality meets health requirements and can be drunk if it has been cooked. The source of origin of the spread of resistant bacteria in addition to human and environmental origin has been reported to also come from animal husbandry. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli on farms is a threat to the health of farm animals and humans around the farm area. This studyaims to obtain information about the percentage of E. coli and the incidence of antibiotic resistance in E. coli bacteria isolated from water sources in the poultry farming environment in Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City. A total of 30 water source samples were taken by purposive sampling method, out of 30 samples 16 positive samples of E. coli were found. Samples are tested to obtain E. coli isolates supported by identification test examinations with biochemical tests and subsequently tested their sensitivity patterns to antibiots. The study was conducted by the Kirby-Bauer method. The type of antibiotic used in this study is based on the type of antibiotic in EFSA (2012) used in the monitoring of Resistant Antimicrobials (AMR) for Salmonella spp and E. coli through food. This guide suggests using a class of antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of bacterial infections in animals as well as humans. The interpretation of the results of this sensitivity test refers to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI 2012). The results of this study showed that as much as 53.3% (16/30 samples) of the water population in the poultry farming environment in Kelapa Lima District, Kupang City contained E. coli and obtained a percentage of E. coli that was resistant to tetracycline antibiotics, which was 6.25% (1/16 sample).

A costing framework to compare tuberculosis infection tests

ObjectiveTo develop a framework to estimate the practical costs incurred from, and programmatic impact related to, tuberculosis (TB) infection testing—tuberculin skin tests (TST) versus interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)—in a...