Kupang District Research Articles

Analyzing the Risk Factors of Early Neonatal Deaths in Kupang District, Rural Eastern Indonesia

The neonatal mortality rate in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) remains high, with 80% of neonatal deaths occurring in the early period. This study aims to analyze the risk factors contributing to early neonatal death in Kupang District. A retrospective case-control study was conducted, involving 31 cases of early neonatal death and 69 controls from medical records from January 2023 to June 2024. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influence of maternal health, birth, neonatal factors, and healthcare facility readiness. The results showed that birth weight, frequency of antenatal visits, and the completeness of medical equipment were significant predictors of early neonatal death. More frequent antenatal visits were found to reduce the risk of death by 24%, while low birth weight increased the risk by 30%. In conclusion, interventions focusing on preventing low birth weight, ensuring compliance with minimum antenatal visits, and improving the readiness of basic healthcare facilities could reduce early neonatal death in this region.

Externalities on The Conversion of Mangrove into Salt Pond in Bipolo Village, Sulamu District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara

The utilization of mangrove forest land for the expansion of salt pond areas with the aim of increasing salt production in Bipolo Village causes the loss of economic value of marine biota in the mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove ecosystem resources that are utilized as salt ponds if not accompanied by a rehabilitation process will cause a decrease in the function of the mangrove ecosystem. This will later become a challenge as well as create externalities that need attention from the Kupang district government in regulating the utilization of the mangrove ecosystem in Bipolo Village. This study aims to analyze the positive and negative externality values ??resulting from the development of salt pond businesses in Bipolo Village, Sulamu District, Kupang Regency. To determine the positive and negative externality values ??using the economic valuation method. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the salt pond business in Bipolo Village provides a negative externality value of Rp. 21,439,466,084 and a positive externality value of Rp. 235,280,000 which means that the opening of salt pond land has caused losses from the ecological side of the mangrove which is quite large compared to the benefits obtained.

Barriers to Law Enforcement Responsive to the Interests of Victims: A Study on the Practice of Justice for Violent Crimes in the Jurisdiction of Class IA Kupang District Court

Barriers to Law Enforcement Responsive to the Interests of Victims: A Study on the Practice of Justice for Violent Crimes in the Jurisdiction of Class IA Kupang District Court

General Characteristics of Eastern Indonesian Household Dietary Diversity Score

Household dietary diversity score (HDDS) is a crucial indicator of food security and nutritional outcomes. The data collection was done from 2017 to 2018 in Eastern Indonesia. This study aimed to capture the characteristics of HDDS based on district, province, religion, and head of household age. This study used secondary data from the Coastal Community Development Project (CCDP), IFAD Impact Assessment Survey 2018. The total sample of this study was 2,884 households. The HDDS was calculated based on the score of 12 food groups and presented in a bar graph using STATA version 17. The result revealed that the lowest HDDS was found in the Kupang district, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Confucianism or Konghucu Religion, and 15 to 25 years of head of household age. Household dietary diversity score is a critical measure of food security and nutritional status, reflecting a household's access to a variety of foods. Understanding and addressing these determinants are essential for improving household dietary diversity and ultimately enhancing nutrition outcomes.

Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tindakan PHBS pada Siswa-Siswi SD Inpres Pukdale Kecamatan Kupang Timur Kabupaten Kupang

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) in schools is an effort to provide opportunities for students and teachers to know, want and be able to practice PHBS and actively participate in realizing healthy schools. This study aims to determine the factors related to PHBS in students of SD Inpres Pukdale, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency. This type of research is an analytical survey with a cross sectional design. The population in this study was female students SD Inpres Pukdale, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency with a total of 83 respondents. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling with a sample size of 45 respondents. The research instrument is in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi square test with 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge variables (p-value = 0.019), attitude (p-value = 0.046), parental role (p-value = 0.070) and availability of infrastructure facilities (p-value=0.013) against PHBS actions. This study recommends that health workers provide education related to PHBS indicators in schools. Social support from parents and the school is also very necessary.

Effect of human resources competency, individual morality and the control environment on village government accountability in managing village fund allocation in Kupang Tengah District, Kupang District

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of human resource competence, individual morality, and the control environment on the accountability of the village government in managing the allocation of village funds. Method: The Samling technique was non-probability sampling using the purposive sampling method. The sample in this study consisted of village officials in seven villages in Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency, with a total of 35 people. Data were collected using a Likert scale. This study used a descriptive and quantitative approach. Multiple linear regression was used to test the hypothesis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: The results partially show that human resource competence affects the accountability of village governments in managing village fund allocations, individual morality affects the accountability of village governments in managing the allocation of village funds, and the control environment affects the village government’s accountability in managing village fund allocations. Simultaneously, the magnitude of the influence of human resource competence, individual morality, and the control environment on the accountability of the village government in managing village fund allocations was 66.2. This means that competence in human resources, individual morality, and a good control environment can increase the accountability of the village government in managing the allocation of village funds in Kupang Tengan District, Kupang Regency.

Analysis of Determinants Associated with the Activeness of Posyandu Cadres in the Working Area of the Tarus Health Center, Kupang Tengah Sub-District, Kupang District

Background: The activeness of cadres is very important in Posyandu activities because if cadres are not active then the provision of health services and Posyandu activity programs cannot run well, so cadre coaching is needed by health workers to increase the active role of cadres in the implementation of Posyandu activities. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the determinants associated with the activeness of Posyandu cadres in the working area of Puskesmas Tarus, Kupang Tengah District, Kupang Regency in 2024. Methods: This type of research is an analytic survey with a cross sectional research design. The sample in this study were 71 people. Sampling in this study using simple random sampling technique with a level of significance ? = 0.05. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between the variables of knowledge (p=0.000), attitude (0.002) and training 0.002 with the activeness of Posyandu cadres in the working area of the Tarus Health Center, Kupang Tengah District, Kupang Regency. Conclusion: It is expected that health workers at the Tarus Health Center should always maintain the implementation of cadre training by providing counseling on the importance of activeness of Posyandu cadres so that Posyandu activities can run well, and it is also expected that Posyandu cadres can increase activeness as a social responsibility in the community.

Riparian tree diversity and water quality of Teunbaun spring Kupang regency

Springs are water resources for human. One of the components that maintain the springs is the riparian tree. The study aims to identify the diversity of riparian tree species and water quality in Teunbaun (Sonaf) spring, Kupang district. Measurement of tree samples used the Quadrant Sampling Technique, while water quality measurements included physical, chemical, and microbiological (MPN) parameters. Collected tree and water quality data were analyzed to determine endemism status, species richness index (Dmg), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), and gap analysis (conformity of water quality profile with water quality standards). The results showed that 16 species of riparian trees from 12 families were found. The species that are often found are from the Arecaceae family. The value of Dmg and H’ were classified as moderate. The results of the physical and chemical quality tests of water revealed that almost all parameters achieved the quality standards, except for COD, cadmium and nickel. Futhermore, the MPN value found did not achieve the quality standar..

PATTERNS FOR HANDLING EROSION HAZARDS AND LAND CRITICALITY IN THE BAUMATA WATERSHED IN KUPANG DISTRICT

Baumata watershed is located in Kupang district. The land use conditions are mostly forests, paddy fields, with low root depth and play a major role in the process of causing soil damage, accelerating the rate of erosion and increasing the volume of surface runoff. This research examines the current level of erosion hazard in the existing land use of the Baumata Watershed and its area by considering the Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW) of Kupang Regency and its surroundings in the Baumata Watershed. The method used to calculate the rate of erosion is the MUSLE method where the method uses an approach from the surface runoff factor. The data processing uses a Geographic Information System (GIS). The erosion rate watershed is 3,402,685 tons/ha/year with a watershed area of 2,439.35 ha. Land rehabilitation and soil conservation (ARLKT) directions that are appropriate for the conditions of the Baumata watershed are 87 annual crop cultivation areas. 21 % (2,127.42 ha), Seasonal Plant Cultivation Areas 10.67 % (260.38 ha), and Buffer Areas 2.11 % (51.55 ha). The existence of data and information on the magnitude of erosion rates and land criticality in the Baumata watershed in Kupang district can be used to anticipate early landslide disasters in the area. Keywords: Erosion; Land Criticality; MUSLE; GIS.

IDENTIFICATION OF PARASITES INFECTING TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) IN CULTURE PONDS IN KUANHEUM VILLAGE

Parasites are one of the main problems faced by fish farmers in Kupang district. The study aimed to identify parasites infecting tilapia (O. niloticus) in culture ponds in Kuanheum Village, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Tilapia (O. niloticus) were taken randomly and parasite identification observations were made at the Kupang Fish Quarantine, Quality Control and Fishery Product Safety Station Laboratory. The results were analyzed descriptively. The results of parasite identification showed that two types of parasites were found in tilapia (O. niloticus) in Kuanheum Village, namely Trichodina sp. and Cichlidogyrus sp.

Yield performance and anthocyanin content of several purple-fleshed sweet potato clones grown in two locations in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Abstract. Arsa IGBA, Mau YS, Ndiwa ASS, Gandut YRY, Ishaq LF, Mahayasa INW. 2024. Yield performance and anthocyanin content of several purple-fleshed sweet potato clones grown in two locations in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2276-2289. Several promising purple-fleshed sweet potato hybrid clones were identified to have high yield potential and, thus, can be evaluated for other superior traits and later be further processed for varietal registration and release. This study aimed to determine the tuber yield performance and anthocyanin content of several purple-fleshed sweet potato clones across two locations and to identify the best clones based on mean performance and stability. The study was conducted in the farmer's field in two different altitudes in West Timor, i.e., Mata Air Village, Kupang District (86 masl) and Netpala Village, Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) District (1,090 masl) from April to September 2023. Six purple-fleshed sweet potato clones/varieties were assigned as treatment. The experiment was laid out in a complete block design in each location, and each treatment consisted of three replicates. Observed data included fresh storage root yield, number of storage roots per plant, storage root length, storage root tuber diameter, and tuber anthocyanin content. Observed data from the two trial locations were subjected to a combined ANOVA, cluster analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and GGE biplot analysis. The results showed that the genotype-by-location interaction effect was significant in all studied traits. Meanwhile, location or genotype significantly affected all traits except for the location, which did not significantly affect the anthocyanin content. The storage root yield ranged from ~19.95 t ha-1 to ~49.33 t ha-1, while the anthocyanin content ranged from ~28,64 mg/100 g to ~157,65 mg/100 g. The ranks of the tested genotypes based on the mean performance and stability are Undana UJ 7>Undana UJ 1>JPV-1>Antin 3>Undana UJ 6>Undana UJ 3 for storage root yield and JPV-1>Antin 3>Undana UJ 7>Undana UJ 6>Undana UJ 3>Undana UJ 1 for anthocyanin content.

ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA PADA USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA PUKDALE KECAMATAN KUPANG TIMUR

There are many factors that impede the increase in labor productivity at the research location including education level, farming experience, age and land area. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of labor outpouring in lowland rice farming and to determine the factors that influence labor productivity in lowland rice farming in Pukdale Village, East Kupang District. The location selection was carried out deliberately (purposive sampling), determining the number of respondents according to Arikunto (2010), if the number of subjects was less than 100 then all were taken but if more than 100 then the number of subjects was taken around 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or more. Therefore, the number of samples to be taken at simple random in this study is 10% of the total population of 650 people (Pukdale Village Program, 2021), namely 65 samples. The data collection method used is purposive sampling method (intentionally). The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out using questionnaires or questionnaires, interviews and documentation. For the first objective using HKO analysis = Number of working days X number of working hours X number of people divided by 7, for the second objective using multiple linear regression equations with Douglas's Cobb function. The results showed that the level of labor outpouring was divided into eight parts, namely the land preparation stage with a total of 165,571 HKO, the seed preparation stage with a total of 161,571 HKO, the planting stage with a total of 362,857 HKO, the fertilization stage with a total of 178,571 HKO, the treatment stage with a total of 91,714 HKO, the pest and disease control stage with a total of 132,286 HKO, the harvest stage with a total of 195 HKO and post-harvest with a total of 464 HKO. Of the eight stages, a total of 1,751,570 HKO was obtained with an average of 26,947 and an average per hectare of 33,945 . The results of the regression analysis show that the area of land (X1) and education (X3) have a significant effect on the outpouring of labor (Y). While age (X2) and experience (X4) have no significant effect on labor outpouring (Y).

ANALISI PERBANDINGAN PENDAPATAN SEMANGKA NON BIJI DAN SEMANGKA BIJI DI KELOMPOK TANI MILENIAL (POKTAN MILENIAL) DESA NOELBAKI KECAMATAN KUPANG TENGAH KABUPATEN KUPANG

This research aims to determine the analysis of non-seed watermelon and seeded watermelon in the Millennial Farmer Group (Poktan Millenial) in Noelbaki Village, Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency, followed by finding a comparison of the income of non-seed watermelon and seeded watermelon farmers. The location was determined deliberately based on certain considerations, because this location is one of the watermelon producing areas in the Millennial Farmers Group (Poktan Millennial). The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive using revenue analysis and income analysis. The results of this research show that the income from non-seed watermelon farming is greater when compared to seeded watermelon farming. Where non-seed watermelon farming income is more than IDR 40,968,613, while seed watermelon farming income is IDR 16,137,863. The comparison of income from non-seed watermelon farming and seed watermelon farming of Rp. 24,830,750 hah is proven that the results of the t-count test are known. The t-count value is 3.092> the t-table value is 2.073. Thus, there is a very significant difference between non-seed watermelon farming and seed watermelon farming. Comparative analysis of the income of non-seed watermelon and seeded watermelon in the Millennial Farmer Group (Poktan Millennial) has a significant effect on farmer income.

The influence of monosodium glutamate dosage on the yield of long beans (Vigna sinensis L.) Peleton variety

This study aims to determine the effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) dosage on the yield of long beans (Vigna sinensis L.) of the Peleton variety. The use of MSG as a food ingredient has been a topic of debate, but research on its impact on plant growth is still limited, especially regarding long beans. Therefore, this research is important for providing further understanding of the influence of MSG on long beans plants. The study was conducted from July to October 2023 in Mata Air Village, Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The research method used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments included: No MSG, MSG at doses of 2.5 g/plant, 5 g/plant, 7.5 g/plant, 10 g/plant, 12.5 g/plant, 15 g/plant, 17.5 g/plant, and 20 g/plant. Parameters observed included flowering age (days), number of pods (pieces), pod length (cm), and pod weight (g). Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that MSG application had a significant effect on the number, length, and weight of pods, but had a non-significant effect on flowering age. The treatment of 15 g/plant was identified as the optimal MSG dosage for the plants, resulting in the highest number of pods (16.2), longest pod length (60.4 cm), and highest pod weight (256.4 g/plant). This research is innovative in exploring the potential use of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on long beans plants, particularly the Peleton variety. The focus on MSG application as a growth stimulant is an innovative step that has been less studied previously. The discovery of the optimal MSG dosage (15 g/plant) for achieving the best results provides valuable information for farmers to enhance productivity efficiently, sustainably, and environmentally friendly. Information about MSG’s potential as a plant stimulant can serve as a starting point for more sustainable agricultural strategies aimed at optimizing available resources.

Insect pests incidence of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the dryland of Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

The presence of insect pests is one of the obstacles in efforts to increase peanut production in Kupang District. This study aimed to evaluate farmers’ knowledge of peanut insect pests and assess their adopted control measures and to identify the types of insect pests and their respective incidence rates in peanut crops. Within each sub-district, two villages were selected on the advice of the local extension agents; five farmers were interviewed using predefined checklists. The checklists were designed to gather information about the farmers’ awareness of various pests affecting their peanut crops and the measures they employed to safeguard their crops. The second part of the study involved examining peanut fields in the chosen locations to assess pest infestation. The results revealed that farmers demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of the insect pests frequently linked to peanut cultivation, but the majority of farmers (64.3%) did not try to control insect pests on their peanut plants. Five insect pests were identified on peanut plants: Aphis craccivora, Anoplocnemis phasiana, Aulacophora indica, Chrysodeixis chalcites, and Lamprosema indicata. The incidences of the identified pests varied between 14.1% to 26.8%. Lamprosema indicata exhibited the lowest incidence, while Aphis craccivora had the highest.

Risk Factors for The Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Toddlers in The Working Area of Tarus Primary Health Center, Kupang District

AbstractIntroduction: ARI is an acute infection that attacks one or more parts of the respiratory tract, from the nose to the deep tissues of the lungs. The number of ARI in toddlers in the Tarus primary health center in 2020 was 1.352 people and in 2021 there was a decrease of 97 people recorded, in January 2022 to February 2023, the number of ARI in toddlers increased by 1.141 cases.Methods: This research used a case-control study design. The case group is toddlers who experience ARI events, while the control group is toddlers who do not experience ARI events. The total population of toddlers in the Tarus Primary Health Center for the period January 2022 to February 2023 was 5,370 toddlers with a case group population of 1,141 toddlers and a control group population of 4,229 toddlers. The sample obtained for the case group was 117 toddlers and for the control group was 117 toddlers with a total of 234 samples.Results: The results showed no significant relationship between age (p=1.000; OR=1.000), and gender (p=0.428; OR=0.738) with the incidence of ARI in toddlers. There was a significant relationship between immunization status (p=0.000; OR=25.143), exclusive breastfeeding history (p=0.000; OR=25.016), house occupancy density (p=0.000; OR=15.416), house ventilation (p=0.000; OR=9.079) and smoking habits of family members (p=0.000; OR=9.775) with the incidence of ARI in toddlers.Conclusion : The incidence of ARI in toddlers can occur due to several risk factors such as immunization status, exclusive breastfeeding history, house occupancy density, house ventilation, and smoking habits of family members

Effectiveness of Land and Building Tax Management in Oeteta Village, Sulamu District, Kupang District

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Land and building tax management in Oeteta Village, Sulamu District, Kupang Regency. To discuss the results of this research, Terry (2006:342) used management functions, namely planning, organizing, implementing and controlling, then explained using Jogiyanto's (2017) system theory, namely input, process and performance results. The research method uses a qualitative description approach, combining data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews and literature study. Data analysis is inductive/qualitative, with an interactive model created by Miles, Huberman, and Sugiyono (2012: 246). The results of the research emphasize the meaning of generalization, which shows that (1) Input through cooperation and coordination between BAPENDA, the Sulamu Regency government and Oeteta Village, provision of counter facilities at the Village Office and human resources by determining tax collectors from the District and 3 RT people in Oeteta village. (2) the process of organizing and mobilizing is in the payment and collection of taxes, where fraud, irregularities and violations occur regarding the use of tax money by PBB collectors for personal needs. (3) output: There is no strict supervision by BAPENDA of billing officers, and there needs to be reporting from Oeteta Village and Sulamu District to BAPENDA Kupang Regency so that they can be accounted for. Based on the description above, BAPENDA's supervision can be further improved. The attitude of PBB collection officers and the absence of strict tax sanctions result in the misuse of tax money, so the public/taxpayers do not want to pay PBB.

Pelatihan Pengolahan Jajanan Sehat berbasis Rumpul Laut dalam rangka Pencegahan Masalah Gizi Buruk di Kabupaten Kupang

Processed snacks are served in many places, in various types, and are very popular with various groups, including children under five. The snacks in question are traditional and manufactured drinks and processed foods. This service activity was carried out to increase the knowledge and skills of family mothers in choosing and processing healthy snacks for family members, including toddlers, in Tablolong Village, West Kupang District, Kupang Regency, on July 29, 2023, with 50 family mothers participating using the "Education and counseling and simulation.” Before the extension activities are carried out, pre and post-test evaluations will be carried out to measure the abilities and changes in attitudes and actions of the mothers participating in the training regarding the extension material. The pre-test results found that most (62.7%) of family mothers did not understand well healthy snacks (snacks) regarding the type, quantity, and correct method of processing food. However, after confirmation from the results of counseling and food processing simulations, it is known that 100% of family mothers already understand and can choose types of food, prepare simple but nutritious menus with processing methods that are friendly to the availability of sufficient and appropriate nutritional content that is needed and can ensure that the amount of food consumed is according to the needs per day per age per gender of family members.

EDUKASI PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN STUNTING

Abstract The first thousand days of life (1000 HPK) are very important in human growth and development. About 80% of the development of the brain and body organs occurs during the golden period (1000 HPK). Missing the opportunity to grow optimally during this period can cause stunting with long-lasting impacts. Education for mothers of toddlers includes improving nutrition, monitoring routine growth every month, and monitoring development regularly at least once every 3 months. The activity was carried out with the aim of increasing community knowledge about stunting in Oesusu Village, Kupang Regency in September 2023. Implementation used the "group counseling" method. Where, all communities are given counseling with the aim that they can understand, change their daily culture regarding the problem of stunting and all the causes and impacts related to the problem of stunting. The evaluation process was carried out before and after the activity to measure the abilities and changes in attitudes of 50 participants consisting of family mothers, posyandu cadres, and Oesusu Village officials, Kupang Regency regarding the counseling material. The pre-tesresults found that the majority (89.8%) of the counseling participants did not understand stunting, its causal factors and impact on children's growth and the quality of human resources. However, after confirmation of the results of the counseling, it was discovered that 100% of the counseling participants could understand and be able to answer questions about the counseling material. This means that it is still very important to continue providing education to the community, cadres and village officials in order to support efforts to accelerate stunting reduction. Keywords: community participation, clean and healthy living practices, prevention and management of stunting, Oesusu village, Kupang district

Micro Policy Interventions to Increase Income in Beef Cattle Business in Kupang District

A study has been conducted with the aim to determine the actual behavior of beef cattle farmers' income and formulate micro-policies for beef cattle farmers' income in Kupang district. Sampling in this study was conducted in stages. The first stage was purposive sampling of four sub-districts, the second stage was snow ball sampling of 40 farmers and traders and six government officials using an interview approach. The number of key informants depends on the saturation of information obtained. The software used in this research is Ventana Simulation (Vensim) PLE. The results showed that the actual behavior of calf production and income from beef cattle farmers tended to decrease, each by 20.61% and 3.73% per year, respectively. Therefore, policy interventions are needed: 1) increasing calving rate can increase the population of young beef cattle by 3.35% per year and profits by 3.49% per head per year; 2) adding feed supplementation can increase the population of young beef cattle by an average of 4% per year, fattening males by 2.81% per year, and profits by 4.03% per head per year; 3) increasing stakeholder service intensity can increase the population of young beef cattle by 3.12% per year, fattening male production by 5.04% per year, and average profits by 3.37%.