Distribution Of Unemployment Rates Research Articles

Fenomena Pekerja Miskin dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Persentase Pekerja Miskin di Indonesia Tahun 2015-2018

Seiring dengan membaiknya angka persentase kemiskinan dan tingkat pengangguran terbuka pada tingkat nasional, masih terdapat pekerjaan rumah yang besar terkait dengan disparitas antar daerah. Pada satu sisi, persebaran angka pengangguran antar provinsi cenderung merata, tetapi disisi lain angka kemiskinan menunjukkan hal sebaliknya yaitu masih banyak provinsi yang memiliki angka kemiskinan cukup tinggi. Kondisi ini memberikan indikasi adanya fenomena pekerja miskin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari fenomena pekerja miskin serta melihat pengaruh faktor kebijakan dana desa, investasi, dan ketenagakerjaan terhadap pekerja miskin pada tahun 2015-2018. Metode analisis dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif dan inferensia menggunakan regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persebaran angka pekerja miskin menurut provinsi menunjukkan kondisi yang beragam dan cenderung tidak merata dimana masih banyak daerah yang memiliki angka pengangguran rendah tetapi angka pekerja miskinnya cenderung tinggi. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa program dana desa, persentase pekerja formal, dan tingkat setengah pengangguran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah pekerja miskin.

The Great Recession and America's Geography of Unemployment.

The Great Recession of 2007-2009 was the most severe and lengthy economic crisis in the U.S. since the Great Depression. The impacts on the population were multi-dimensional, but operated largely through local labor markets. To examine differences in recession-related changes in county unemployment rates and assess how population and place characteristics shaped these patterns. We calculate and decompose Theil Indexes to describe recession-related changes in the distribution of unemployment rates between counties and states. We use exploratory spatial statistics to identify geographic clusters of counties that experienced similar changes in unemployment. We use spatial regression to evaluate associations between county-level recession impacts on unemployment and demographic composition, industrial structure, and state context. The recession was associated with increased inequality between county labor markets within states, but declining between-state differences. Counties that experienced disproportionate recession-related increases in unemployment were spatially clustered and characterized by large shares of historically disadvantaged racial and ethnic minority populations, low educational attainment, and heavy reliance on pro-cyclical industries. Associations between these sources of vulnerability were partially explained by unobserved state-level factors. The local consequences of macroeconomic trends are associated with county population characteristics, as well as the structural contexts and policy environments in which they are embedded. The recession placed upward pressure on within-state inequality between local labor market conditions. To present new estimates of the recession's impact on local labor markets, quantify how heterogeneous impacts affected the distribution of unemployment prevalence, and identify county characteristics associated with disproportionately large recession-related increases in unemployment.

A Dynamic Model for the Cross‐sectional Distribution of Unemployment Rates

This paper proposes a model to describe the continuous time‐evolution of density of the cross‐sectional distribution of unemployment rates. The model is founded on the theory of analytical diffusion processes. The steady‐state distribution as well as the dynamic behaviour of the model are analytically derived. Parameters in the resulting analytical expressions are then fitted to US regional data. The empirical portion of the paper illustrates the usefulness of modeling the temporal evolution of the cross‐sectional distribution of unemployment rate, rather than simply attending to equilibrium implications of the process.