Distribution Of Subscribers Research Articles

Dialing for Videos: A Random Sample of YouTube

YouTube is one of the largest, most important communication platforms in the world, but while there is a great deal of research about the site, many of its fundamental characteristics remain unknown. To better understand YouTube as a whole, we created a random sample of videos using a new method. Through a description of the sample’s metadata, we provide answers to many essential questions about, for example, the distribution of views, comments, likes, subscribers, and categories. Our method also allows us to estimate the total number of publicly visible videos on YouTube and its growth over time. To learn more about video content, we hand-coded a subsample to answer questions like how many are primarily music, video games, or still images. Finally, we processed the videos’ audio using language detection software to determine the distribution of spoken languages. In providing basic information about YouTube as a whole, we not only learn more about an influential platform, but also provide baseline context against which samples in more focused studies can be compared.

Strong Masting Conjecture for Multiple Size Hexagonal Tessellation in GSM Network Design

<p>One way to improve cellular network performance is to use efficient handover method and design pattern among other factors. The efficient design pattern has been proven geometrically to be hexagonal (Hales, 2001, pp. 1- 22) due to its maximum tessellable area coverage. But uneven geographical distribution of subscribers requires tessellable hexagons of different radii due to variation of costs of GSM masts. This will call for an overlap difference. The constraint of minimum overlap difference for multiple cell range is a new area that is untapped in cell planning. This paper addresses such multiple size hexagonal tessellation problem using a conjecture. Data from MTN River State-Nigeria, was collected. Multiple Size Hexagonal Tessellation Model (MSHTM) conjecture for masting three (3) different size MTN GSM masts in River State, accounted for least overlap difference with area of 148.3km<sup>2</sup> using 36 GSM masts instead of the original 21.48 km<sup>2</sup> for 50 GSM masts. Our conjecture generally holds for k-different (k>=2 ) cell range.</p>

A Distributed Topology Adjustment Algorithm for Wireless Networks with Mobile Base Stations

Improper static network topology can reduce the capacity of wide area wireless access networks in which the distribution of subscribers' population often changes. This paper focuses on "fully wireless cellular networks" with mobile base stations, where the network topology can be dynamic due to the mobility of the base stations. In such environment, network topology can be properly controlled by the adjustment of mobile base stations' positions. A novel distributed topology adjustment algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm tracks subscriber's population by moving mobile base stations toward the center of their nearby groups of subscribers. At the same time, mobile base stations are also drawn outward their neighboring base stations in order to solve the "oversupply base station" problem. The balance between 2 movement forces determines the proper position of mobile base stations. The performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm shows that the proposed algorithm performs well, even in rapidly changes of subscribers' population or in the presence of failure of base stations.

How Much Risk Pooling Is There in the Individual Insurance Market?

To examine how much pooling of risks occurs among potential purchasers in the individual market, how much pooling occurs among those who purchase coverage, and whether there is greater pooling among longer-term enrollees. The data are administrative records for enrollees in individual insurance plans in California in 2001, and from a survey of Californians enrolled in the individual insurance market and the uninsured. Logit models were estimated for 5 health outcome measures to compare the insured and uninsured after adjusting for other factors that affect insurance status and health. Multivariate models were also estimated to explore the relationship between health and three measures of pooling in the market: plan type, pricing tier, and the actuarially adjusted premium paid by the enrollee. Those who purchase individual health insurance are in better health than those who remain uninsured. On the other hand, a large share of people with health problems does obtain individual insurance. The distribution of subscribers across plan type and pricing tier varies with their health status. Those in poor health are less likely to purchase low benefit plans. There is less separation of risks for those who become sick after enrollment based on the measure of pricing tier. The distribution of subscribers across plan type for those who have health problems at enrollment and those who become sick differs, but so does the distribution of those who become sick and those who remain healthy. Despite small differences among the healthy and sick, our results support the conclusion that there is considerable risk pooling in the individual market. To some extent, this pooling occurs because underwriting happens at the time people enroll and there is greater pooling among those who become sick than those who enroll sick. Our results however suggest that health savings accounts may further fragment the market.

World patent information––the first 25 years

The history of the journal is traced, from its inception in 1979, on a range of key topics, mainly by reference to facts, figures and graphs on the proportion of articles each year, and by listings of the titles of some typical articles. Topics covered are classification, online databases, CD-ROM databases, the Internet and e-filing, intellectual property and industrial property information dissemination, libraries, and patent analysis and statistics. The coverage of trademark and design information retrieval is highlighted, together with legal and policy matters, patent information articles concerning specific technologies disclosed in the patents, and the geographical distribution of articles, authors and subscribers. The editors and publishers, and the main authors and their output, are also covered.

The Southeastern Geographer : A Regional Journal?

Southeastern Geographer Vol. XXXlX, No. 2, November 1999. pp. 246-248 THE SOUTHEASTERN GEOGRAPHER: A REGIONAL JOURNAL?1 Jodie Traylor Guy As of August 1999, the Southeastern Geographer boasts of 258 institutional subscribers. The large majority are public and private colleges and universities, with public outnumbering private roughly five to one. Other institutional subscribers include public libraries, public and private organizations, and commercial concerns. Although the journal traditionally has been considered a regional publication, the spatial distribution of its institutional subscribers indicates otherwise (Fig. 1). They are located in most of the U.S. states and in the District of Columbia (only four of the 48 contiguous states having not a single institutional subscriber to the journal), in five Canadian provinces, and in nine countries outside the Western Hemisphere, from the United Kingdom to Japan. Not even a majority, but ratherjust over one-third (96), of the institutional subscribers is located in the area that constitutes the Southeastern Division of the Association of American Geographers (SEDAAG). The South as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, extending beyond SEDAAG's 10-state area, is however home to over half (57%) of the journal's U.S. institutional subscribers (Table 1), with SEDAAG states accounting for 77% of these. The North Central census region has the next largest share (20%), followed by the Northeast (13%) and the West (10%). (These U.S. subscribers constitute 85% of the total number of institutional subscribers, with Canada and overseas locations accounting for the remainder with 6% and 9% respectively.) The average number of institutional subscribers per SEDAAG state is between nine and 10, with North Carolina having the most (18) and West Virginia the least (three). Somewhat surprising is the fact that Georgia, about average with nine subscribers , is matched by the non-SEDAAG state of Ohio and the Canadian province of Ontario and is even exceeded by non-SEDAAG New York (10 subscribers). Additionally, non-SEDAAG states Illinois and California (eight subscribers each) are home to more institutional subscribers than either West Virginia, Mississippi, or Kentucky. Former Southeastern Geographer Editor J. Dennis Lord (quoted in Wheeler, 1998, p. 161) has stated, "I suspect that . . . the Southeastern Geographer [is] becoming less 'Southeast'." At least as far as institutional subscribers are concerned , Lord's suspicion seems to be confirmed. The Southeastern Geographer, as measured by the spatial distribution of institutional subscribers and their readership, Ms. Guy is Assistant Editor, Southeastern Geographer, Department ofGeography , University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2502. Internet: jodieguy@ uga. edu. VOL. XXXIX, No. 2 247 Fig. 1. Spatial distribution of institutional subscribers to the Southeastern Geographer, 1999. Source: 248Southeastern Geographer TABLE 1 LOCATION OF U.S. INSTITUTIONAL SUBSCRIBERS TO THE SOUTHEASTERN GEOGRAPHER, BY CENSUS REGION, 1999 U.S. region Number of U.S Pecentage oftotal number of institutional subscribers U.S. institutional subscribers South124 57 SEDAAG states9644 Northeast28 1 3 North Central45 20 West22 1 0 Total219 100 Source: Compiled by author. has become more than "one of the profession's most respected regional journals" (James and Martin, 1978, p. 174). NOTE 'The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of James O. Wheeler, Editor, Southeastern Geographer, and Mike Feeney, Campus Graphics and Photography, University of Georgia. LITERATURE CITED James, P. E. and Martin, G. J. 1978. The First Seventy-Five Years, 1904-1979 (Washington, DC: Association ofAmerican Geographers). Wheeler, J. O. 1998. "On the History of Publications of the Southeastern Division, Association of American Geographers," Southeastern Geographer, Vol. 38, pp. 150-166. ...

Le Monument Henry : La structure de l'antisémitisme en France 1898-1899

Le 31 août 1898, le lieutenant-colonel Henry, détenu à la prison du Mont-Valérien, soupçonné d'avoir fabriqué des preuves pour incriminer Dreyfus, se trancha la gorge à l'aide d'un rasoir. Son suicide fit sensation et fut le premier acte du drame qui devait se terminer par la décision de la Cour de Cassation, au mois d'octobre, d'accepter un appel pour la révision du procès Dreyfus. En novembre et décembre 1898, dans une série d'articles dans Le Siècle, Joseph Reinach, le plus en vue des hommes politiques juifs français, avança l'hypothèse qu'Henry n'aurait pas seulement été un falsificateur, mais encore le complice dans la trahison d'Esterhazy. La veuve d'Henry protesta contre Reinach et ses accusations, et menaça de lui intenter un procès en diffamation. Le 14 décembre 1898, La Libre Parole, le principal quotidien antisémite français, ouvrit une souscription pour payer les frais du procès.

Subscriber Loop Plant of Rural Telephone Systems

The subscriber loop plant of rural telephone systems is described on the basis of a nationwide sampling survey of the subscriber circuits of the REA telephone borrowers. The sample consists of 1000 main telephones drawn randomly from a universe of 1 375 000 main telephones under a statistical sampling plan. The survey provided a complete description of the plant serving each of the sampled telephones. By computer analysis of the data, patterns of plant composition, average costs, and distribution of subscribers in terms of distance from the serving central office are developed. The construction cost advantage of buried plant is stressed by showing how greatly pole lines (poles, crossarms, guys, etc.) contribute to the cost of serving rural subscribers by means of aerial plant. Guidelines are given for a plant improvement program to correct deviations from current standard design revealed by the survey data. The importance of the data for use in evaluating techniques for upgrading and establishing cost parameters for proposed subscriber carrier systems is indicated.

Transmission performance assessment for telephone network planning

Transmission planning of a switched telephone network consists largely of allocating losses, and other degradations of conversation, to the various elements that will be associated to form tandem connections. Even a given number of trunk circuits linked in tandem will yield a distribution of overall reference equivalent for different calls owing to unavoidable random variations and to the distribution of subscribers' lines. Clearly, a statistical approach is needed.One problem that arises and is the subject of the paper is to determine, for a given allocation of losses and impairments, the percentage of calls that are likely to be of acceptable quality. This is to enable the relative merits of different allocations to be compared.Basic subjective data must be assembled, and a method devised, for estimating the degree of satisfaction for any required combination of factors. These are already available in respect of overall loss, circuit noise and certain types of bandwidth limitation and attenuation/frequency distortion. Yet to be completed is the treatment of nonlinear distortions and mutilation due to voice-operated equipment. Some results are also available for echo and propagation time.