Leachate Distribution Research Articles

Neglected flow direction detection in landfill water cycle: Precise characterization of leachate distribution through joint inversion of electrical resistivity and self-potential data

The leakage of leachate is a crucial but often overlooked hydrological process in the landfill water cycle. The concealed leakage of leachate not only leads to soil and groundwater pollution in surrounding areas but also affects the distribution of water and the metabolism of organic matter within the landfill. To accurately quantify this concealed hydrological process, we propose a method for detecting leachate leakage based on joint inversion of multi-source geophysical exploration data. By integrating multiple geophysical exploration data (resistivity and self-potential information), we reconcile the spatial differences in different exploration data to improve the accuracy of leachate and its pollution plume imaging. Additionally, we introduce an efficient alternating iteration technique within the joint inversion framework to ensure convergence of separately inverted models toward similar spatial structures. Simulation results indicate that: (1) for the early detection of small-scale high-concentration leachate pollution, the proposed confidence-induced joint inversion framework (CI-JIF) improves precision by 15.6 % compared to separate inversions. (2) for the detection of leachate long-term diffusion, CI-JIF accurately delineates the distribution of widespread high-concentration leachate, improving precision by 17.4 % compared to separate inversions. Further on-site experiments demonstrate that CI-JIF can more accurately reconstruct the distribution of leachate.

Two-Dimensional Modeling of Leachate Distribution in Batu Layang Landfill on Peat Soil using Geoelectric Method

The open dumping system implemented by the Batu Layang landfill can produce leachate, contaminating groundwater around the landfill. Groundwater contaminated with leachate, if used by the community, can cause health problems. Therefore, management efforts were needed, such as subsurface leachate modeling. This study aims to model the distribution of subsurface leachate in 2 dimensions. The modeling of leachate distribution below the soil surface used the Wenner configuration geoelectric method. The number of geoelectric measurement paths was two paths. The length of each track was 195 m, with a distance of 5 m between the electrodes. Data obtained from resistivity values were analyzed using the Res2Dinv application. The calculation of leachate discharge used the water balance method. Based on the inversion results using the Res2Dinv software, the resistivity value of leachate-contaminated soil in line 1 was 1.19-9.43 Ωm, and track 2 was 0.5-10.2 Ωm. The leachate resistivity value was <10 Ωm because the leachate contains inorganic minerals (metals), so the resistivity value was low. Land contaminated with leachate was estimated to be spread as far as 195 m. The most profound leachate depth was estimated at 39.4 m. Batu Layang Landfill leachate discharge in Zone E averages 4 m3/day.

Seepage Model of Heterogeneous Municipal Solid Waste Landfill and Application under Process of Waste Accumulation

The distribution of leachate directly impacts the safety and stability of the landfill, so it is important to research the distribution of seepage characteristics and migration patterns of leachate. The study aims to investigate the impact of heterogeneous permeability distribution and clogging of the drainage layer on leachate transportation in landfills. To achieve this, a heterogeneous transient seepage model was developed. Results showed that when considering the heterogeneous permeability of the waste in the buried depth direction, the maximum perched water level was higher, which is not conducive to the safety and stability of the landfill. Taking Xi’an Jiangcungou Landfill as a research object, the maximum perched water level of each waste layer was higher compared to the homogeneous condition when considering the landfill process and heterogeneous permeability. The differential value ranged from 0.08 m to 1.88 m. Furthermore, the calculation results obtained from the heterogeneous seepage model were found to be in good agreement with both actual field data and referenced survey data, thus confirming the reliability of the model. These research findings not only offer technical support but also provide a solid theoretical foundation for leachate level control and safety and stability assessments.

PENERAPAN METODE RESISTIVITAS KONFIGURASI SCHLUMBERGER UNTUK MENDETEKSI PERSEBARAN AIR LINDI (STUDI KASUS TPA TERJUN MARELAN)

Leachate has the potential to be used as organic fertilizer because it contains high levels of minerals and organic matter. In the leachate there are several compounds, namely heavy metal compounds, salts, nitrogen compounds and various types of other organic matter. Leachate leachate also contains very fine suspended matter from the decomposition of microbes, usually consisting of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Chloride, Sulfate, Phosphate, Zn, Ni, CO2, H2O, N2, NH3, H2S, Organic acids , and H2. This study aims to find out how the subsurface layer in the Medan Marelan Falls Landfill area, the distribution of leachate in the Medan Marelan Falls Landfill. 1D resistivity measurements were only carried out in the Medan Marelan Falls TPA area. The geophysical method used in this study is the Schlumberger configuration. This research was conducted at three points along the 200 meter track. on line I is at a depth of 6.92 m with a resistivity value of 3.16 Ωm with a North to South flow direction. On track II it is at a depth of 1.15 m, 4.53 m, and 22.1 m with a resistivity value of 1.5 Ωm, 2.25 Ωm, and 5.05 Ωm respectively with the North to West flow direction. On track III it is at a depth of 1.19 m, 20.8 m, and 53.9 m with resistivity values of 1.54 Ωm, 3.51 Ωm, and 1.13 Ωm respectively with North to West flow direction. The distribution of leachate at the Medan Marelan Falls TPA which dominates is on track III marked with black to bluish color images.

Application of the Self-Potential Method to Determine the Distribution of Leachate in the Manggar TPA Balikpapan

The Manggar Final Processing Site (TPA) is a TPA located in the city of Balikpapan by implementing a sanitary landfill system. In this system, the waste is piled up into a mountain so that leachate generated from the waste will enter the layers below the surface due to rainwater. To detect the presence or distribution of leachate below the surface, an investigation was carried out using the Self Potential (SP) Method. The results of the data processing obtained are isopotential maps. From this map, we can see the distribution of leachate based on the potential difference value. Based on the slicing data from the anomaly, the value of the potential difference between 31 mV and -50 mV is found, which is scattered towards the north. This can be indicated as a leachate anomaly.

3D Modeling of Leachate Distribution Around Zone E of Batu Layang Landfill, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia Using the Geoelectrical Method

Open dumping systems as implemented by the Batu Layang landfill in Pontianak City, Indonesia can cause leachate pollution in the environment. The constituent soil condition affects the leachate distribution into the ground. One of the landfill constituents of the soil at the site of the Batu Layang landfill is peat soil, in which organic content (>75%), porosity, and permeability are high. Leachate that seeps below the earth’s surface can cause soil and groundwater contamination. Meanwhile, people around landfills use groundwater for their daily needs and use the land around the landfill to grow papaya, banana, sugarcane, and taro. Therefore it is necessary to prevent and minimize leachate spread. One of the efforts that can be done is to model the leachate distribution. In this study, leachate distribution modeling was done with a geoelectric method, the Wenner configuration, with a smallest electrode distance of 5 m. There were six tracks, with a length of 195 m each. The model obtained from this study was a 3D resistivity section. 3D data processing was done using the inverse distance method. The results showed that a resistivity value ≤10 Ωm identified the soil layer contaminated with leachate. The contaminated soil layers were estimated to be peat, clay, and loamy sand. The leachate distribution is suspected of seeping up to 195 m south of the landfill. The leachate distribution into the soil was estimated from the surface to 33.8 m.

Estimation of Leachate Distribution Around the Bakau Besar Landfill in Mempawah Regency Using the Self-Potential Method

Leachate is a liquid that seeps into piles of garbage and can carry dissolved materials resulting from the decomposition process of the waste. The leachate distribution can cause groundwater contamination around the landfill. This study aims to map leachate distribution around the landfill of Bakau Besar in Mempawah Regency. Identification of leachate flow is carried out based on the distribution of potential values on the surface using the self-potential (SP) method. Measurements were carried out in a fixed-base configuration using two electrodes, one electrode at the reference point (base) and the other electrode was moving along the track (rover) to measure the potential value at the measurement point. Measurements in the field apply six lines with a length of 150 m each. The distance between the lines is 10 m, and the electrode distance is 10 m. The results showed that the potential value obtained was -17.5 mV to 12.86 mV. The accumulation of leachate flow is interpreted as having a relatively low potential value. In addition, the high potential is located in the north, while the low potential is in the south of the study site. Thus, the leachate flow is thought to have accumulated in the south near the landfill of Bakau Besar.

Impact of Solidified Municipal Sludge as Temporary Covering Soil on the Stability of Landfill Slope

Solidified municipal sludge is widely used as temporary covering soil in landfill. Due to the complex leachate of landfill, solidified municipal sludge has the problems of stagnant water and strength degradation. In order to investigate the influence of solidified municipal sludge on the stability of landfills, a landfill slope model with SEEP/W and SLPOE/W was established, using the actual infiltration as the boundary condition. Based on the changes in permeability and strength of the intermediate overburden layer, the migration law of leachate in a landfill under the condition of an intermediate overburden layer was analyzed. The relationship between landfill slope safety, climatic conditions and deterioration of the intermediate overburden layer was further explored. The results show that the permeability of the intermediate overburden layer affects the distribution of leachate and the height of stagnant water. During the rainstorm period, the safety factor of the landfill slope decreased rapidly from 1.4 to 1.0 or even lower. With the decrease in the shear strength of the intermediate overburden, the safety factor of the landfill slope was reduced to less than 1.0. Therefore, maintaining the permeability and strength of solidified municipal sludge at a certain level is required to ensure the safety and stability of landfill slopes.

LDI-MVFNet: A Multi-view fusion deep network for leachate distribution imaging

The accurate monitoring and early warning of groundwater pollution caused by the concealed leakage of landfills is a major challenge globally in the field of solid waste management and groundwater protection. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) represents a potential solution with advantages, owing to its fast and nondestructive characteristics. However, traditional ERT based on a single array cannot reveal the distribution and dynamics of pollution in complex underground media owing to the limited information it carries. We designed a novel deep network for multi-view fusion to invert the real resistivity distribution of the medium caused by leachate (named LDI-MVFNet) so as to infer the distribution of leachate. To support model establishment and validation, ERT instances collected from synthetic models and a salt tracer experiment were inverted. We compared the inversion results of the LDI-MVFNet with those of single arrays and found that the LDI-MVFNet performed the best overall. The average root mean square error (RMSE) of synthetic models reached 0.98, performing better than Dipole–Dipole (3.86), Wenner–Schlumberger (3.37), and Pole–Pole (6.61), which were inverted separately. The resultant inverted subsurface true resistivity data were presented in the form of two-dimensional (2D) cross sections. The imaging results of 2D cross sections showed that LDI-MVFNet was superior to others in data noise suppression and inversion accuracy. The results of this study indicate that the data fusion of multiple views can more accurately reflect the real resistivity than the inversion of a single array can.

Integration of hydrochemical and induced polarization analysis for leachate localization in a municipal landfill

Landfills have been identified as a significant concern to the surrounding surface and groundwater ecosystem because of the discharge of leachate. To tackle the uncertain localization of the contamination plume due to low sampling densities, a combination of hydrochemical analysis and induced polarization survey (IP) is employed to characterize the leachate in a municipal landfill. The polarization effect in the contaminated area is significantly higher than expected for landfill sites, but relatively low chargeability zones (<100 mV/V) indicating the distribution of leachate are observed inside high conductivity (>600 mS/m) areas. With reliable geophysical results confirmed by similar formation factors from both field and laboratory data, the abnormal high polarization effect is influenced by installed steel sheet piles next to the survey cable. In addition, we successfully identify linear relationship between the geophysical responses and dominant inorganic conservative compounds (Cl- and Na+) from the leachate plume. The gentle variations of borehole chemical parameters show that the plume is not affected by a continuous contamination source any more, indicating that the steel sheet pile effectively cut off the contamination from the leachate tanks. In conclusion, the integration of IP and hydrochemical data is an excellent way to locate contaminated zones and monitor the behaviors of leachate plume in the landfill.

A machine learning-based approach for mapping leachate contamination using geoelectrical methods

Leachate is the main source of pollution in landfills and its negative impacts continue for several years even after landfill closure. In recent years, geophysical methods are recognized as effective tools for providing an imaging of the leachate plume. However, they produce subsurface cross-sections in terms of individual physical quantities, leaving room for ambiguities on interpretation of geophysical models and uncertainties in the definition of contaminated zones. In this work, we propose a machine learning-based approach for mapping leachate contamination through an effective integration of geoelectrical tomographic data. We apply the proposed approach for the characterization of two urban landfills. For both cases, we perform a multivariate analysis on datasets consisting of electrical resistivity, chargeability and normalized chargeability (chargeability-to-resistivity ratio) data extracted from previously inverted model sections. By executing a K-Means cluster analysis, we find that the best partition of the two datasets contains ten and eleven classes, respectively. From such classes and also introducing a distance-based colour code, we get updated cross-sections and provide an easy and less ambiguous identification of the leachate accumulation zones. The latter turn out to be characterized by coordinate values of cluster centroids<3 Ωm and >27 mV/V and 11 mS/m. Our findings, also supported by borehole data for one of the investigation sites, show that the combined use of geophysical imaging and unsupervised machine learning is promising and can yield new perspectives for the characterization of leachate distribution and pollution assessment in landfills.

Identifikasi Sebaran Air Lindi (Leachate) Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Self-Potential (SP) Di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Parit Enam Kota Pangkalpinang

Garbage is a common pollutant that causes various negative impacts such as lack of aesthetic value to the environment, brings various types of diseases and clogs waterways. The waste is then transported and disposed of at the TPA. The Parit Six TPA in Pangkalpinang City accommodates around 150 tons of garbage every day. This will cause contamination of water, soil and ground water by leachate seeping from the pile of garbage exposed to rain. The leachate can be identified using the Geoelectric Self Potential (SP) method using a fixed base technique with a space between the electrodes of 5 m. Then obtained the results of data acquisition from 6 paths as many as 92 points. Furthermore, the resulting data will be corrected and processed to produce isopotential contours and topography. Based on isopotential contours and topography, the distribution of fluid in the area around the Parit Enam TPA Pangkalpinang City is spread in the northeast, southwest to the north of the study area. The fluid quality around the study site is known from the results of density and pH of the sample well water. These results show the distribution of leachate in the area around the Parit Enam TPA Pangkalpinang City is spread from the northeast to the southwest in the northern part of the research area and from the southwest to the southern part of the research area towards the northern part of the research area.

IDENTIFIKASI PERSEBARAN AIR LINDI MENGGUNAKAN METODE VERY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMACNETIC (VLF-EM) DI TPA PUUWATU, KOTA KENDARI

Leachate which is a liquid released from waste due to biological degradation processes. If the leachate flow is allowed to flow to the surface of the soil, it will have negative effects on the surrounding environment. One of the geophysical methods that can be used to detect leachate distribution patterns is the VLF-EM (Very Low Frequency-Electromagnetic) method. The VLF-EM (Very Low Frequency-Electromagnetic) method is a geophysical method that utilizes electromagnetic principles using a low frequency radio wave source of 10-30 kHz. The research location is in TPA Puawatu, Kendari City. The analysis was carried out by looking at the 2D cross section of the flow density gained from the data processing. Qualitative interpretation can be carried out by the method developed by Karous-Hjelt with the producing of a 2-dimensional cross section with current density parameters. The high current density value can be identified as the most conductive anomaly. The direction of leachate distribution in the Puuwatu TPA tends to flow from the north of the TPA to the south of the TPA, which indicates that many swamps in the South of the TPA have been contaminated with leachate.

Identifikasi arah rembesan lindi menggunakan metode geolistrik resistivitas konfigurasi dipole-dipole di sekitar tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) sampah sekoto kabupaten Kediri

Garbage is matter which is serious enought to society especially in the main city. Increasing number of society will affect to increasing garbage either as resulted. Volume of garbage which al ways increase without measuring last process of garbage will appear many problems for example, leachate seepage. Leachate is a liquid waste resulted of biology decomposition. Leachate soaks to bottom groundwater will affect decreasing level of field water and allergy on the skin. &#x0D; The aim of this research is to know leahate accumulation and direct seepage arround landfill Sekoto. The method will be conducted by field research by geoelectric configuration diple-dipole. Firstly, the writter survey the location to know the condition of research. Then collected data with 5 line arround landfill Sekoto use resistivitymeter. The data will be process using software Res2dinv and Voxler. Software Res2dinv to show the leachate seepage base on resistivity rock value. Software Voxler is used to show direct seepage as 3 dimension.&#x0D; The research finding shows that lye had been permeated in the south of garbage-can with the leachate seepage reaching 6.79 meters. While, in the north of garbage-can, there was no leachate seepage found. In the west road of Garbage Dump and near to leachate waste pipe, it had been found the leachate seepage reaching 11.8 meters. In summary, the direction of leachate seepage in Garbage Dump is congruence with river flow and the distribution of leachate horizontally.

ANALISIS SEBARAN PENCEMARAN LINDI (LEACHATE) BERDASARKAN SIFAT KELISTRIKAN BATUAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK

Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Jeruklegi memiliki sistem pengelolaan lindi yang masih berpotensi adanya resapan air lindi di bawah permukaan. Pencemaran lindi dapat terjadi jika aktivitas TPA yang berlangsung terus-menerus dan berdampak pada masyarakat sekitar. Pencemaran lindi merupakan polusi lingkungan yang termasuk salah satu bencana buatan manusia minor. Penelitian ini merupakan langkah awal pencegahan bencana yang dilakukan dengan identifikasi sumber bencana. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan menganalisis sebaran lindi sekitar TPA di bawah permukaan dengan metode geolistrik dengan konfigurasi Wenner-Schlumberger. Hasil akuisisi data berupa resistivitas batuan yang diolah menjadi resistivitas semu untuk selanjutnya dimodelkan. Pemodelan inversi bawah permukaan pada beberapa titik dekat permukaan tanah yang menunjukkan adanya kontaminasi lindi ditunjukkan dengan nilai resistivitas kurang dari 1 ohm.m. Kontaminasi lindi pada kedalaman lebih dari 20 m tidak terlihat karena tidak adanya perbedaan resistivitas. Hal tersebut terkonfirmasi dengan uji kimia air sumur bor warga sekitar dengan hasil bahwa air tersebut sesuai dengan standar higiene sanitasi.&#x0D; Kata kunci: lindi, resistivitas, geolistrik, Wenner-Schlumberger.

The Modeling of Leachate Distribution Potential in Rasau Jaya Landfill

Rasau Jaya landfill applies an open dumping system. That system results in leachate that potential to cause environmental pollution. One of the efforts that can anticipate this problem is modeling the leachate distribution patterns. This study aimed to model the potential of leachate distribution below the surface both vertically and horizontally. The using method in this study to model leachate distribution patterns is the Wenner configuration geoelectric method. Results showed that the indicated leachate spread 30 m to the northeast and 30-40 m to the southwest. The most in-depth indication of leachate distribution is up to a depth of 20.3 m

Determination of Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties of Seepage Flow Process in Municipal Solid Waste

The unsaturated hydraulic characteristics of waste soil are an essential basis for predicting and evaluating leachate migration and distribution in landfills. The saturated water content and permeability coefficient were measured, and a multi-step drainage monitoring experiment was conducted indoors at different dry densities, particle sizes, and degradation ages. Single and dual permeability models were adopted to determine the unsaturated hydraulic characteristic parameters of waste. Results show that dry density and particle size are the key factors affecting the saturated water content and permeability of waste. A single degradation age has little effect on it. Respectively, the saturated water content has a linear relationship with dry density, and permeability has an exponential relationship with dry density under limited experimental data. The overflow numerical inversion method can accurately obtain the unsaturated hydraulic characteristic parameters of wastes and summarizes the values of the unsaturated hydraulic characteristic parameters of wastes with different attributes in the literature and the results of this study. The dual-permeability model performed significantly better than the single-permeability model for water movement, suggesting that a dual-domain description is required for water flow in landfills.

Identification of distribution changes of leachate in a landfill

The distribution of leachate in the Kawatuna landfill, Palu City, which is still implementing the Open Damping system, has been researched in 2011 where it was detected up to a depth of 7 meters and led to reservoir of leachate. The Landfill Control system has been implemented, but the leachate pipe was not functioning, and part of the storage pool was damaged during the earthquake on September 28, 2018, so that leachate is scattered everywhere. This study aims to determine changes in the distribution of leachate used geoelectric-resistivity method with Wenner-Schlumberger configuration. Data were collected at 3 points within the landfill site and 1 point outside the location, with a length of 48 meters each and processed using EarthImager 2D software. From the research results, it is obtained that the resistivity value of leachate is 1–9.7 ohmmeter. Based on the cross-sectional resistivity analysis, leachate was spread to a depth of 9.7 m, which indicates an increase depth of 2.7 m and the distribution direction was not leading to reservoirs of leachate

Mapping leachate distribution based on the self-potential method in Manggar Landfill, Balikpapan Indonesia

TPA Manggar is a landfill in Balikpapan City. During the rainy season, the leachate discharge entering the processing plant is so large that the collection tub will not be able to withstand the leachate flow rate. To find out the direction of the distribution of leachate waste and the extent to which it has spread and to map the areas at high risk of being contaminated, measurements were taken using the Geophysical method, namely the Self Potential Method (SP). The SP method is based on measuring the self-potential of rocks in the earth’s crust without having to inject an electric current into the soil. Based on this, research will be carried out to determine the mapping of the distribution of leachate flow in the TPA Mangaar area. The results of measurement and processing of self-potential data can be showing beneath the surface in the form of leachate distribution in the study area based on isopotential contour. Based on the results of contour and isopotential map data processing. The highest potential value of this study was 60 mV, while the lowest potential value of this study was -40 mV.

KAJIAN PENDUGAAN LETAK AKUMULASI AIR LINDI DENGAN METODE MAPPING RESISTIVITAS KONFIGURASI WENNER ( STUDI KASUS DI TPA PAKUSARI KAB. JEMBER )

The Pakusari Jember TPA uses the Open Dumping system, so that this system will cause groundwater and environmental pollution, one of which is through leachate. The research was conducted using geoelectricity with the Mapping Resistivity method, with 3 passes and a length of 130 m each, with a resistance value between 0.393 - 8.44 Ώm which is thought to be a rock layer filled with leachate. The connection between paths 1, 2 and 3 produces a color image, it shows that the intersection that occurs at the point of intersection is thought to be that the rock layers are in the form of clay and sand with a red image and upload. The cutting line aims to determine the relationship between line 1 and other lines as well as the location around the study and to determine the direction of movement of leachate distribution. The distribution of leachate in TPA Pakusari Jember, there are 7 points indicating the presence of leachate from the color image