Distribution Of Innovative Activity Research Articles

Nurturing regional innovation: the effects of bank competition in the USA

Whilst corporate innovation is one of the key drivers of regional economic growth, question remains over how regional corporate activities are affected by local banking market structure. By attaching regional corporate innovation activities to a market power hypothesis, this paper examines (1) if regional innovation activities would benefit from the improved banking market competition and (2) the variation of banking market competition effects on innovation outputs over unique regional characteristics, such as state-level R&D intensity and distribution of innovation activities. Using patent and citation data and local bank data from 51 states in U.S between 1992 and 2004, we show that improved local banking market competition increases both the quantity (patents) and quality (citations) of regional innovation outputs. It is also found that such a favourable effect on regional innovation is especially stronger for those states with low R&D intensity and those with more concentrated innovation activities.

Nurturing regional innovation: the effects of bank competition in the USA

Whilst corporate innovation is one of the key drivers of regional economic growth, question remains over how regional corporate activities are affected by local banking market structure. By attaching regional corporate innovation activities to a market power hypothesis, this paper examines: 1) if regional innovation activities would benefit from the improved banking market competition; 2) the variation of banking market competition effects on innovation outputs over unique regional characteristics, such as state-level R&D intensity and distribution of innovation activities. Using patent and citation data and local bank data from 51 states in the USA between 1992 and 2004, we show that improved local banking market competition increases both the quantity (patents) and quality (citations) of regional innovation outputs. It is also found that such a favourable effect on regional innovation is especially stronger for those states with low R&D intensity and those with more concentrated innovation activities.

Markets for Technology in Europe – Mapping Demand and its Drivers

Functioning markets for technology are an important determinant for the type, scope and distribution of innovation activities in an economy. However, markets for technology are often underdeveloped or inefficient. Existing theory attributes such imperfections to the supply side or differences in market designs. We know comparatively little, though, about the structural forces that shape the demand side of markets for technology. In this study, we reason that demand depends on the sectoral pattern of innovation and the distance of a country’s industry to the global technological frontier. We explore these dimensions based on longitudinal industry-level data from the Community Innovation Survey. We find that the demand on markets for technology is particularly driven by science-based industries and to a lesser degree by scale-intensive industries. Demand decreases, though, the closer industries are to the technological frontier. These findings highlight sector specific opportunities and constraints for policies promoting markets for technology.

Spatial spillovers and European Union regional innovation activities

This paper explores the role of spatial spillovers in the innovation processes across 245 NUTS 2 European Union (EU) regions for the 2008–2012 period. The patent applications at the European Patent Office were chosen as a proxy for innovative activity. In the first step of the empirical analysis, the spatial pattern examination of the innovative activity based on the selected global and local indicators for spatial association confirmed the presence of a spatial dependence process in the distribution of innovative activity. Next, we attempted to model the behaviour of innovative activity at the EU regional level on the basis of extended regional knowledge production model. Spatial econometric analysis indicated the relevance of internal innovation inputs (R&D expenditure and human resources in science and technology) and we also found out that, the production of knowledge by EU regions seems to be also affected by spatial spillovers due to innovative activity performed in other regions.

Компьютерное моделирование вариантов распределения инновационной активности по регионам России

Компьютерное моделирование вариантов распределения инновационной активности по регионам России

The Relationship between Foreign Competition and Innovation Activities Based on Quantile Regression

This article uses quantile regression to shed light on the complex relationship between foreign competition and innovation activities. Quantile regression is more powerful than classical linear regression since quantile regression can produce estimates for all conditional quantiles of the distribution of the innovation activities variable, whereas classical linear regression only estimates the conditional mean effects. The empirical evidence shows that the effect of foreign competition on make innovation activities is different across the conditional quantiles of the distribution of innovation activities, something classical linear regression would leave unidentified. This finding suggests that estimating the quantile effect of innovation activities variable can well be more insightful than effect. Additionally, this article finds a U-shaped relationship between foreign competition and make innovation activities.

Is China Catching Up? Technological Sophistication of Chinese Exports to European Union

Increases in the technological sophistication of some emerging economies, linked, in part, to shifts in the distribution of innovation activities from developed to emerging economies has attracted a lot of attention. Whether emerging economies will catch up with developed regions in terms of innovation and technology remains an open question. Various methods can be used to measure the technological capacity of an economy, though most suffer from a number of significant problems. In this paper, I present a relatively new measure of a country´s technological sophistication based upon the goods that it exports. The empirical analysis focuses on exports to the European Union over the period 1990-2009. Special attention is paid to China, which has made a huge progress in technology and innovations in the past years. Based on this analysis, China´s technological capabilities correspond with its income level and thus China does not seem to threaten the technological position of the EU yet.

Not Invented Here? Innovation in company towns

We examine variation in the concentration of inventive activity across 72 of North America’s most highly innovative locations. In 12 of these areas, innovation is particularly concentrated in a single, large firm; we refer to such locations as “company towns”. We find that inventors employed by large firms in these locations tend to draw disproportionately from their firm’s own prior inventions (as measured by citations to their own prior patents) relative to what would be expected given the underlying distribution of innovative activity across all inventing firms in a particular technology field. Furthermore, we find such inventors are more likely to build upon the same prior inventions year after year. However, smaller firms in company towns do not exhibit this myopic behavior; they draw upon prior inventions as broadly as their small-firm counterparts in more diverse locations. In addition, we find that inventions by large firms in company towns have less impact than those produced elsewhere, although the difference is modest, and that the impact is disproportionately appropriated by the inventing firms themselves. Finally, the geographic scope of impact realized by company town inventions is narrower, whether produced by large or small firms.

Competitive Innovation and Information Flows in a Growing Industry

Case studies reveal a pattern of rapid industrial growth propelled by innovation and quick diffusion of new technologies, especially among emerging industries exposed to global competition. At the firm level, the distribution of innovative activity is highly skewed, while productivity growth is not strongly related to a firm's innovative activity. In this paper, we develop a dynamic model of a competitive industry that is consistent with these stylized facts. We derive an equilibrium growth path, along which a leading firm invests in increasing the stock of technological knowledge and chooses not to prevent spillovers to other firms as long as the industry remains relatively small. As the industry expands including new entry, the leader's optimal amount of investment gradually declines. The leading firm may also choose to start keeping its innovations secret somewhere along the equilibrium growth path, bringing technology diffusion and further expansion of the industry to a halt. Policy implications include beneficial effects of the absence of tariff protection, and possible beneficial effects of moderate costs of intellectual property rights protection.

Geographical Distribution of Innovation Activities, Knowledge Spillovers and Regional Development in the Europcan Union

Geographical Distribution of Innovation Activities, Knowledge Spillovers and Regional Development in the Europcan Union

Indicators of technological activities — comparing educational, patent and R & D statistics in the case of Sweden

This paper explores the use of R & D, patent and educational data as technology indicators. Based on Swedish data, we compare what these indicators tell us about (a) the distribution of innovative activity between large and small firms and (b) the technological competence of a set of firms. We conclude that R & D data probably not only overstate the concentration of technological activities to larger firms but also understate the total technological activities by underplaying the role of small manufacturing firms and service sector firms. Moreover, we find that, in some instances, educational data may capture the character and the diversity of firms' technological competence better than patents do. The combined use of educational and patent data should allow us to capture both the fullness of the breadth of the technology base and the precise orientation of the technological efforts of firms.

The Determinants of the Distribution of Innovative Activity in a Metropolitan Area: The Case of Turin

ANTONELLI C. (1987) The determinants of the distribution of innovative activity in a metropolitan area: the case of Turin, Reg. Studies 21, 85–94. Regional concentration of research and development (R & D) activities and innovation capacity reaches highest Italian values in the province of Turin. The study analyses the pattern of spatial distribution of innovative activity within the province of Turin, as measured by the locational intensity of patenting firms to total firms. Results of the econometric analysis suggest that innovative activity within the metropolitan area is higher in towns which are further away from the Central Business District, where employment is lower in tertiary activities and higher in capital intensive plants, where there are R & D laboratories, as well as engineering, chemical and electronic industries. Economic interpretation of the results suggests that such a mix of regional backwash and metropolitan spillover may be a distinctive feature of high technology intensive areas. A...