Distribution Of Immunoglobulin-containing Cells Research Articles

Distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in calves inoculated orally with ruminal Bacteroides succinogenes and Selenomonas ruminantium.

Distribution of immunoglobulin(Ig)-containing cells was investigated in calves inoculated orally with live organisms of both Bacteroides succinogenes and Selenomonas ruminantium. Pathological changes and many Ig-containing cells were observed in calves which inoculated three times at 2, 3 and 26 days of age. Follicular germinal center was increased in number and size of the lymph nodes associated with the forestomach, suggesting activation of lymph apparatus. In the associated lymph nodes, IgG-containing cells were predominant and were located in both cortex and medulla, mainly in the medullary cord, B lymphocyte areas. Only a few IgA- and IgM-containing cells were observed in the lymph nodes. Accordingly, the inoculated bacteria may stimulate IgG-containing B lymphocyte populations. A few IgG-containing cells were detected in the mucosa of the forestomach. Ig-containing cells, predominantly IgG, were observed in the mucosa of the abomasum and intestine, and in the mesenteric lymph nodes. However, number of the cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes was smaller than that of the forestomach associated lymph nodes. The results suggest that the intraorally inoculated bacteria may stimulate the maturation of IgG positive lymphocytes in the lymph nodes associated with the forestomach.

Immunoglobulin-containing cells in normal human labial salivary glands.

The distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells within 8 normal human labial salivary glands was studied using an immunoperoxidase technique. Cell counts revealed that IgA-containing cells pre-dominated in all specimens and that the mean percentage class ratios for IgG:IgA:IgM:IgD cells were 4:92:3:1. IgE cells were rare and only detected in one gland. The density of IgA cells (191 cells/mm2 of labial gland section) was greater than those previously reported for the parotid and submandibular glands. These results support the view that minor salivary glands play an important role in the synthesis and secretion of salivary antibody.

Distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in normal and neonatally thymectomized rats

The distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells (ICC) of the immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM isotypes was examined in various lymphoid and secretory tissues of rats. The effect of neonatal thymectomy of rats on T cells, B cells, and ICC in these tissues was determined by immunofluorescence. The results showed that although T cells were severely depleted in both lymphoid and secretory tissues of the thymectomized (Tx) rats, Tx and normal rats showed comparable numbers of B cells staining for IgA, IgG, and IgM. After neonatal thymectomy, IgA ICC in both lymphoid and secretory tissues were significantly decreased. However, the Tx rats exhibited a compensatory increase in IgM ICC in the identical tissues. Local injection of normal and Tx rats with Streptococcus mutans 6715 resulted in an increase in all isotypes of ICC in the secretory tissues. Although the primary increase in normal rats was due to IgA ICC, Tx rats exhibited the greatest change in the number of IgM ICC.

The influence of the thymus upon the number and class distribution of immunoglobulin containing cells in the bone marrow and other lymphoid organs of the mouse.

Due to the lack of mature T-cells, congenitally athymic (nude) mice have severely decreased serum IgG and IgA levels, together with normal or enhanced serum IgM levels (1–3). The cells responsible for the synthesis of these immunoglobulins are demonstrable as cytoplasmic immunoglobulin containing cells (C-Ig cells) by means of immunofluorescence (4). C-Ig cell numbers in the spleen are comparable in young and adult nude and heterozygous mice, whereas the age-related increase of the C-Ig cell population in the other lymphoid organs is retarded in nude mice (5). This is especially true for the bone marrow, which contains the majority of all C-Ig cells in thymus-bearing mice at adult age (5–7). In this paper the effect of thymus transplantation was studied upon the number and class distribution of C-Ig cells in spleen, bone marrow, mesenteric lymph node and Peyer’s patches of nude mice.KeywordsBone MarrowNude MouseLymphoid OrganMesenteric Lymph NodeClass DistributionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Synthesis and secretion of secretory immunoglobulins: with special reference to dental diseases.

The distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in human tonsils, salivary glands, and inflamed gingiva is described. The cellular localization of J chain indicates that this peptide is a basic gene product of B cells that is expressed only in the early phase of clonal differentiation. Gland-associated immunocytes apparently are derived from this phase, which may be relevant to their local homing mechanism. The selective glandular transport of dimeric or polymeric IgA and 19S IgM may be determined by the content of J chain in these immunoglobulins. A J-chain-dependent configuration seems to be responsible for their noncovalent affinity for SC, and this may explain their specific reception at the epithelial cell membranes. Subsequent stabilization of the Ig-SC complexes takes place during their external transport, probably because of disulfide exchange. The latter process is more efficient for secretory IgA than for secretory IgM. The secretory dynamics of parotid IgA differs from that of other parotid proteins and is highly dependent on the degree of secretory stimulation. The secretion rate (mug/min/gland) seems to be a better measure of an individual's parotid IgA output than the absolute concentration of IgA in the secretion. A low parotid IgA secretion rate is associated with high susceptibility to dental caries, perhaps reflecting inferior resistance to dental plaque formation. It is not known whether such resistance, in part, is determined by specific antibodies to certain bacterial antigens. A potential candidate for an efficient preventive action of salivary antibodies could be the GTF enzyme system of S mutans. However, we were able to demonstrate only extremely rare immunocytes producing antibodies to GTF in human tonsils and gingiva, and none at all in salivary glands.

The respiratory tract immune system in the pig. I. Distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the respiratory tract mucosa.

The number of cells containing immunoglobulins A, G and M in the respiratory tract mucosa of pigs from birth to maturity was assessed using the immunoperoxidase technique. Immunoglobulin-containing cells first appeared at 6-7 days of age and rose rapidly to reach levels at 3-4 weeks similar to those in the adult. IgA-containing cells predominated at all sites in all age groups, although there were significant proportions of cells containing IgM and IgG. Our findings suggest that IgA is transported into secretions via the mixed mucoserous glands of the nasal and tracheobronchial mucosa, and that this route is also operative for colostral IgA absorbed from the gut in the baby pig.

Development and Distribution of Immunoglobulin-Containing Cells in the Chicken

Abstract The development and distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells were studied in chickens using purified antibodies to µ, γ and light chains labeled with fluorochromes. Cells containing µ and light chains were found in lymphoid follicles of the bursa of Fabricius of 14-day embryos. IgG-containing cells were initially observed in bursal follicles at 21 days of incubation. Embryonic infusions of plasma from newly hatched and adult chickens had no effect on the appearance of immunoglobulin-containing cells within the bursa. The developmental sequence of immunoglobulin-containing cells within the bursa was later recapitulated in the spleen, tonsilla caecalis and thymus. Rapid expansion of IgM- and IgG-containing cells began in the spleen on the 3rd and 8th days, respectively, after hatching. The ratio of IgG- to IgM-containing cells was greatest in the intestinal wall of immunologically mature birds. Development of immunoglobulin-containing cells in extra-bursal sites was retarded in chickens hatched under germ-free conditions. In contrast, neither exclusion of exogenous antigens nor antigenic stimulation in ovo affected the time of appearance or proliferation of immunoglobulin-containing cells within the bursa. The medullary regions of individual bursal follicles frequently stained for both IgM and IgG. This pattern was not observed in lymphoid follicles of other tissues. Analysis of single cell suspensions revealed a high proportion of single bursal cells containing heavy chains of both IgM and IgG, wheras spleen cells rarely contained both classes of immunoglobulins. The results suggest that a developmental switch from IgM to IgG synthesis may occur within the bursa.