Distribution Of Active Substances Research Articles

The Distribution of Active Substances and the Bacterial Inactivation Effect Induced by a Helium Microplasma

The Distribution of Active Substances and the Bacterial Inactivation Effect Induced by a Helium Microplasma

Study on Ion Transport Mechanism of Zinc-Nickel Single-Flow Battery with Different Porous Electrode Structures based on Lattice Boltzmann Method

Since the microstructure of porous electrode is very important to the performance of zinc-nickel single-flow battery, this paper reconstructed the microstructure of porous nickel oxide electrode by quartet structure generation set (QSGS) method. The flow mass transfer and electrochemical reaction in porous electrode were simulated by lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The effects of different porous electrode structures (porosity, particle size and electrode thickness) on local ion concentration distribution and charging performance are studied from the perspective of seepage and mass transfer in pores. It is found that the ion concentration in the electrode presents an uneven distribution due to the randomness of the particle size and distribution of active substances. The uneven distribution of OH − concentration caused the difference of charging depth in the direction of electrode thickness, and the uneven distribution of H + concentration caused the difference of charging depth in the radial direction of particles. Under different pore structures, the decrease of porosity and particle size can increase the diffusion rates of OH − and H +, and then promote the electrochemical reaction rate, improve the charging speed of the battery, and improve the performance of the battery. The larger electrode thickness will increase the OH − diffusion resistance in the electrode, which is not conducive to the diffusion of OH − and reduce the electrochemical reaction rate, thus affecting the diffusion of H +, increasing the concentration polarization and affecting the charging efficiency of the battery. The uneven distribution of OH − concentration caused the difference of charging depth in the direction of electrode thickness, while the uneven distribution of H + concentration caused the difference of charging depth in the radial direction of particles. Under different pore structures, the decrease of porosity and particle size can increase the diffusion rate of OH − and solid phase H +, and then promote the electrochemical reaction rate and accelerate the charging speed. The larger electrode thickness increases the OH − diffusion resistance in the electrode, which is not conducive to OH − diffusion, and then affects H + diffusion and increases concentration polarization.

Leaching and Transformation of Film Preservatives in Paints Induced by Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation and Water Contact under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Stormwater from urban areas can transport biocidally active substances and related transformation products from buildings into the environment. The occurrence of these substances in urban runoff depends on the availability of water, and on ultraviolet radiation exposure that causes photolytic reactions. In a systematic laboratory study, painted test specimens were exposed to either ultraviolet radiation, water contact, or a combination of both. Leaching of the biocidally active substances carbendazim, diuron, octylisothiazolinone, terbutryn, and selected transformation products of terbutryn and diuron were observed under various exposure conditions. Remaining concentrations of these substances in the paint were quantified. It was demonstrated that the distribution of active substances and transformation products in eluates and in the coatings themselves differs with exposure conditions. Strategies for environmental monitoring of biocide emissions need to consider the most relevant transformation products. However, environmental concentrations of biocidally active substances and transformation products depend on earlier exposure conditions. As a consequence, monitoring data cannot describe emission processes and predict expected leaching of biocidally active substances from buildings if the data are collected only occasionally.

Recent Progress in Fluorescent Vesicles with Aggregation-induced Emission

Fluorescent vesicles have recently attracted increasing attention because of their potential applications in bioimaging, diagnostics, and theranostics, for example, in vivo study of the delivery and the distribution of active substances. However, fluorescent vesicles containing conventional organic dyes often suffer from the problem of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) of fluorescence. Fluorescent vesicles working with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) offer an extraordinary tool to tackle the ACQ issue, showing advantages such as high emission efficiency, superior photophysical stability, low background interference, and high sensitivity. AIE fluorescent vesicles represent a new type of fluorescent and functional nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the development of AIE fluorescent vesicles. The review is organized according to the chemical structures and architectures of the amphiphilic molecules that constitute the AIE vesicles, i.e., small-molecule amphiphiles, amphiphilic polymers, and amphiphilic supramolecules and supramacromolecules. The studies on the applications of these AIE vesicles as stimuli-responsive vesicles, fluorescence-guided drug release carriers, cell imaging tools, and fluorescent materials based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) are also discussed.

The study of structural-mechanical properties of diltiazem suppositories

Using alternative ways of diltiazem absorption, in particular, rectal, will allow to improve its bioavailability and efficiency.Aim. To study the structural-mechanical properties of diltiazem suppositories.Methods and results. For the investigation of the influence of temperature of suppository manufacturing technological process on the structural-mechanical properties of diltiazem rectal dosage rheological properties of the suppository mass with diltiazem on the factory fat base with 2% of distilled monoglycerides has been studied.Conclusion. It has been determined that temperature 50-55ºС for the technological operations of homogenization and pouring suppositories is optimal and necessary fluidity of the suppository mass with even distribution of active substances and excipients is provided.

Reproductive Biology of the Yellow-Spotted Longicorn Beetle, Psacothea hilaris (PASCOE) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) V. Male Mating Responses to Male Extract

Male mating behavior elicited by solvent extracts of males in the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris (PASCOE), was examined. When a gelatin capsule was coated with the extract of male elytra or elytra-removed body, male responses were similar to those elicited by female extracts, although less intense. These pheromonal activities were observed at more than 2-3 male equivalent/capsule but decreased at higher doses. Among the different body parts of males, male 'dash' toward the treated capsule was elicited most strongly by prothorax extracts. Abdominal bending response was released by all the extracts except for those from the antenna and head. The distribution of active substances on the male body was those from the antenna and head. The distribution of active substances on the male body was similar to that of the female pheromone. When prothorax extract was mixed with other body extracts, male response was reduced, which suggested the presence of a masking substance.