Distributed Information Resources Research Articles

Territorial Digital Twins: A key for increasing the community resilience of fragile mountain inner territories?

AbstractAreas suffering territorial imbalances are at risk, as climate change and inherent social‐spatial vulnerabilities bring uncertainty over their capacity to achieve sustainable development. To enable policy‐makers' vision for them, the paper proposes adopting digitally‐enhanced disaster risk reduction practices which promote civic engagement and evidence‐based decision‐making. The study introduces the concept of Territorial Digital Twins (TDTs) demonstrating the potential benefits of networking distributed information resources and enabling their integration in two paradigmatic Italian inner mountain areas, which are linked to different priorities of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR). This contribution argues the importance of complementing the technical approach with the social perspective in the development of TDTs oriented at increasing the community resilience of territorially imbalanced areas. It then illustrates the usefulness of exploiting TDTs (from photogrammetry, GIS mapping, Space Syntax analysis) to overcome the barriers to the SFDRR, and enable its effective implementation in localities.

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЬ СЕТИ КИБЕРБЕЗОПАСНОСТИ КРИТИЧЕСКОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ

The analysis of modern approaches to countering computer attacks on critical information infrastructure (CII), presented in the form of distributed information resources, shows that there is an objective need for technological development of this direction. In this aspect, the most promising solution to this problem seems to be the use of the concept of "Cybersecurity Mesh" (cybersecurity networks), introduced by Gartner without precise instructions on practical implementation and possible technological solutions. This paper presents the results of a study of functional requirements for systems implemented in accordance with the above concept, on the basis of which a new architecture of CII cybersecurity will be set in the future. The features of its application proposed by the authors of the concept are considered in detail, on the basis of which the requirements for the functional structure of possible technological requirements have been developed. It consists of four basic levels that allow you to respond flexibly to emerging integration and security challenges. These levels include: intelligent information security and analytics, distributed identity structure, consolidated policy and state management, consolidated interactive dashboard. To meet the specified functional requirements, a technological model for building a cybersecurity network is proposed in the form of an organic combination of three fairly heterogeneous technologies: 5G mobile communications, Secure Access Edge (SASE - Secure Access Service Edge) and advanced detection and response (XDR) into a consolidated cloud platform. The results of the studies of the functionality of the concept of a cybersecurity network can be considered as a methodology for ensuring the security of CII, implying a transition from building a single secure digital perimeter around all its devices or nodes to point protection of each remote access point. This publication can be useful for experts in the security forces of CII facilities, as well as to employees of educational institutions in the implementation of appropriate training, retraining and advanced training programs for such specialists.

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The article establishes that the implementation of an information and analytical system for supporting and making decisions on the logistics support of the National Guard of Ukraine is possible only if a single information space of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (as a metasystem) is formed. Such an information-analytical system will ensure the full-scale integrated use of distributed information resources and corporate knowledge systems that are or may be relevant to the processes of logistics support of the National Guard of Ukraine. It is shown that the functional services of the information-analytical system for support and decision-making on the logistics support of the National Guard of Ukraine should include two groups of transdisciplinary procedures, on the basis of which the component services of the information-analytical system are formed: these are the services of linguistic and semantic processing of information resources and transdisciplinary analysis and decision support. It has been established that the ontological-semantic group of services of the information-analytical system for supporting and making decisions on the logistics support of the National Guard of Ukraine includes transdisciplinary services that provide processing and appropriate transformations of unstructured textual information. The composition, content, and purpose of the ontological-semantic group of services of the information-analytical system for supporting and making decisions on the logistics support of the National Guard of Ukraine are determined. It is established that the ontological-analytical group includes the services of the information-analytical system for supporting and making decisions on the logistics support of the National Guard of Ukraine for the analytical activities of experts. The composition, content and purpose of the ontological-analytical group of services of the information-analytical system for supporting and making decisions on the logistics support of the National Guard of Ukraine are determined. Taking into account the essence, methods of implementation and specifics of the polyhedron processes considered in the article, the main recommendations for choosing the component configuration of the polyhedron processes of the information-analytical system for supporting and making decisions on the logistics support of the National Guard of Ukraine are developed.

A MODEL OF A DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE Z39.50 PROTOCOL

Based on the analysis of typical scenarios of information servers, the tasks that should be solved when organizing an access control system for distributed information resources are formulated. The possibilities of the Z39.50 technologies as the most suitable for building such a system are considered. Within the framework of this technology, three access control models are discussed, which differ in the degree of integration of information server functions with the Z39.50 technologies.The creation and support of distributed information systems and electronic libraries that integrate heterogeneous information resources and operate in various software and hardware environments requires special approaches to managing these systems. If the resources or data themselves can be managed locally, even for distributed information systems, then the task of managing access to distributed resources cannot be solved within the framework of local administration. The justification of the last thesis can be seen when considering typical scenarios of the information server, which we will describe below

PROGRAMMATIC SYSTEM FOR INTERACTIVE REPRESENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION RESULTS

Our time is characterized by rapidly increased information quantity. The volumes of accumulated data become so large that the manual handling of this data by experts of certain subject areas becomes almost impossible. In such circumstances, it is extremely important to develop effective tools that could provide users the information, presented in the form of large arrays of spatially and thematically distributed information resources (documents). An example of an array of spatially and thematic distributed documents is the set of information that characterizes scientific achievements of the institutions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Such information may be useful for a wide range of users, but can bring especially great benefits to young researchers — students, engaged in scientific and educational activities. The article proposes the approach to build the information and analytical system designed to provide the access to an array of information about the achievements of scientific institutions for young researchers. The system is characterized by flexible ontology driven architecture, which allows dynamical modifying of its composition and structure for the need of a particular user or project. The article describes the architecture of the ontology driven lexicographic system, based on which the system of interactive representation of achievements is constructed. In addition, the structure and interrelations of the software components that are part of the system are described. The software system is being developed within the framework of research “Interactive Base of Knowledge of Scientific Achievements of the Institutions of National Academy of Science of Ukraine” by the researchers of National Centre “Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”.

A MODEL OF A DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON THE Z39.50 PROTOCOL

Based on the analysis of typical scenarios of information servers, the tasks that should be solved when organizing an access control system for distributed information resources are formulated. The possibilities of the Z39.50 technologies as the most suitable for building such a system are considered. Within the framework of this technology, three access control models are discussed, which differ in the degree of integration of information server functions with the Z39.50 technologies.The creation and support of distributed information systems and electronic libraries that integrate heterogeneous information resources and operate in various software and hardware environments requires special approaches to managing these systems. If the resources or data themselves can be managed locally, even for distributed information systems, then the task of managing access to distributed resources cannot be solved within the framework of local administration. The justification of the last thesis can be seen when considering typical scenarios of the information server, which we will describe below

Development of queries using the Z39.50 protocol in distributed information systems to support scientific and educational activities

Distributed information systems that support scientific and educational activities can work with various information systems. The main goal of creating a distributed information system supporting scientific and educational activities is to accelerate the pace and improve the quality of information exchange in the scientific environment. The paper considers technological methods for constructing models of information systems designed to support scientific and educational activities. The model under consideration is that the developed model of an information system for working with scientific materials should solve the problems of long-term storage of information, organizing data search by attributes, accumulating and replacing metadata. Based on the analysis of typical scenarios of information servers, the tasks that should be solved when organizing an access control system for distributed information resources are formulated. Within the framework of this technology, three access control models are discussed, which differ in the degree of integration of information server functions with the Z39.50 technologies. The creation and support of distributed information systems and electronic libraries that integrate heterogeneous information resources and operate in various software and hardware environments require special approaches to managing these systems. If the resources or data themselves can be managed locally, even for distributed information systems, then the task of managing access to distributed resources cannot be solved within the framework of local administration. The justification of the last thesis can be seen when considering typical scenarios of the information server, which we will describe below

Multi-criteria choice of the software package architecture for automating the analysis of the forest vegetation state

The article describes a method for solving the problem of choosing the architecture of a software package (SP) of an information system for analyzing the state of forest vegetation, carried out using distributed information resources and calculation modules which usually belong to various organizations. The SP quality indicators can be assessed using both quantitative and qualitative scales. The proposed method is based on the joint application of the mathematical apparatus of the fuzzy sets and experimental design theories. It is shown that the predominant type of architecture for this class of tasks is the service-oriented architecture, which provides the best value of the integral indicator of the SP quality.

Security of Personal Data in Social Networks

The Information Society has created different possibilities for remote access to distributed information resources and communications between users (virtual environments, cloud services, social media, etc.). With millions of users’ data (or billions, in the case of Facebook) floating around the web, the need for tight security from social media platforms is obvious. The wide age range and technology experience level of social media users makes security management even more complex. A social platform needs to not only combat hackers, but also has to protect users whose personal security practices might be elementary.

Development of an Information System for Storing Digitized Works of the Almaty Academgorodok Research Institutes

The present article describes the architecture of the integrated distributed information system created for storing digitized works of employees of Almaty Akademgorodok research institutes (Kazakhstan) and providing access to them using Web technology. Comparative analysis of two data storage systems for storing digitized works, Ceph and GlusterFS, is provided. The description of the software part of the information system is provided which consists of four subsystems: repository of digital objects, subsystem for managing current research information, subsystem of integration of distributed information resources, subsystem of access to distributed information resources based on Web technologies. The relation between the subsystems and their integration is described. The work defines the requirements to the repository of digital objects. The requirements for the repository of digital objects are defined; a comparative analysis of open source software used for these purposes is made.

Онтологічний підхід до консолідації 3D-моделей об’єктів історико-культурної спадщини та ГІС

The development of the information society, the rise of the knowledge economy, the implementation of the latest technologies in the IT industry have provided the opportunity for free mass access to the digitized heritage of world civilization using augmented and virtual reality in three-dimensional space. The leaders in modeling the three-dimensional geometry of real heritage conservation objects are 3D panorama and 3D GIS technologies, the combination of whose capabilities has not yet become widespread. The paper subject is the processes of consolidation of ontological 3D models of heritage conservation objects and geoinformation systems for the formation of virtual excursion routes, which will provide new opportunities in the study of the world cultural, historical, scientific digital documentary heritage by integrating transdisciplinary distributed information resources describing the selected object into a piece of unified information and research space. The paper purpose is to increase the efficiency of user interaction with distributed information resources and museum knowledge systems by creating models and developing a method and on their based on – information technology for the formation of transdisciplinary virtual museum spaces, the implementation of ontological interaction in their environments with the integrated use of spatially distributed information based on integration with geoinformation systems through an ontological interface. Objectives: to analyze modern approaches and the most common software tools for 3D modeling of heritage conservation objects; to develop an infological model of an ontological excursion route; formalize the process of dynamic redistribution of heritage conservation objects during the excursion; to develop an algorithm for consolidating 3D models of heritage conservation objects and GIS for the formation of an excursion route. To achieve this goal, a set of methods was used: to develop operational ontological models of heritage conservation objects – system analysis, set theory, graph theory, to formalize knowledge representation – algebraic-logical and obvious methods; for software implementation of information technology – design patterns and object-oriented analysis. The following results were obtained: analysis of software solutions for three-dimensional representation and analysis of data in GIS made it possible to determine that most of them are intended only for geometry visualization and do not have information management tools; it is shown that the most suitable for practical implementation in terms of including time, labor and financial resources is GIS with integrated 3D panoramas of heritage conservation objects; it was determined that the ontological approach to the consolidation of multi-format data, created according to various standards and technologies, provides a solution to the problems of heterogeneity and interoperability of transdisciplinary distributed information resources that describe heritage conservation objects, is the most appropriate and effective; an algorithm for the consolidation of 3D models of heritage conservation objects and GIS for the formation of an excursion route is presented; an ontological model of an excursion route is presented, the taxonomy of which is implemented in the form of a graph. Conclusions. The conceptual and system-technical foundations of the transdisciplinary representation of models of heritage conservation objects with the integrated use of distributed information, in particular geographic information, including the format of ontological interaction in the form of an excursion in the GIS environment, have been developed.

Таратылған ақпараттық жүйелерде z39.50 хаттамасын қолдану

To date, the most effective way to solve the problems of organizing access to distributed information resources is to organize information about them in information systems, denounced in the form of electronic libraries. The article describes the search for terms in the thesaurus and the algorithm for constructing a term tree based on abstract access to the thesaurus, organized in accordance with the Zthes profile of the Z39.50 protocol

Information educational environment in the informatics teacher training system

Modern society changes daily under the influence of various factors. This inevitable process of development entails changes in all spheres of human activity, including education, which is the most important today, since it provides competitive specialists for the labor market and employment. In modern realities, a specialist must have not only fundamental knowledge, but also the skills and skills to apply them, as well as a wide range of additional qualities necessary for him in his professional activity, such as: the ability to self-development and self-education, the ability to master new information technologies, communication skills, be included in the process of mastering new trends in the field of their professional interests, and a number of others. A teacher is a specialist in the field of education who teaches and educates the younger generation. They must have all the above qualities, knowledge, skills and abilities in at least five subject areas (subject, methodology, pedagogy, psychology, information technology) and successfully combine all these to solve their professional tasks. The system of training a future teacher is quite a complex process due to its multitasking, but today an important aspect in this system is the information educational environment. The article describes the method of training a computer science teacher using this environment. The developed method was tested at the Department of Computational Mathematics and Methods of Teaching Informatics of Moscow Region State University and consists in creating special conditions that allow for joint information activities and interaction using various distributed information resources.

Protection and Activation of Cultural Heritage Based on Cloud Computing Platform

Cultural heritage is the crystallization of the wisdom of peoples of all countries. Its value is inestimable, and countries and regions around the world have reached a consensus on protecting cultural heritage. The digital museum uses virtual reality technology, three-dimensional scanning technology, computer network technology and other display technologies to present the physical museum in a three-dimensional manner in the network application in the real world. The challenges facing the construction of digital museums mainly come from two aspects: Technically, digital museums can be regarded as a combination of a large-scale distributed information resource database and a multimedia broadband network, and a unified platform resource for cultural heritage natural resource information sharing and services. In terms of management, there are a series of problems in the management of digital museums in all stages of data collection, storage, transmission, and display. Based on the above background, the research content of this article is the protection and activation of cultural heritage based on cloud computing platform. This article analyzes the technical problems facing digital museums. Based on the in-depth study of Hadoop cloud computing, a digital museum construction plan based on Hadoop and a distributed multi-QoS parallel routing algorithm based on TCP / IP are proposed. This paper mainly adopts multi-QoS distributed parallel routing algorithm to improve the data transmission efficiency, thereby improving the query response speed of the system. This paper analyzes the theoretical foundation of Hadoop and the feasibility of building a digital museum, and builds the module implementation of the digital museum. Finally, the construction of Hadoop experimental environment is introduced. Simulation results show that compared with traditional algorithms, the improved algorithm can balance network load and improve network resource utilization. The performance analysis of the system verifies that the model proposed in this paper meets the requirements of security and integrity.

Formation of a united information space of a research library

Over the past decade, the issue of uncontrolled growth of unsystematic information in Internet has remained acute for the scientific community. The problem of finding relevant information related to the distribution and autonomy of scientific information resources remains. A priority in the field of centralized access to the key scientifically significant sources of information is the creation of a united information space (UIS). The study aims to identify the main models to form systems integrating distributed information resources, and as a result to determine the structure of UIS formation in a research library. Two models were considered and analyzed in the study: a meta-aggregator and an integrated electronic library. During the analysis, elements, structure and a set of functions for users and employees of a research library are revealed for each model. The study allowed the drawing of the following conclusions:• The choice of a model for the UIS formation depends mostly on the formulation of tasks, the solution of which is the purpose of creating a system, as well as on the technological potential of the organizations involved in the process.•Multifunctionality of the system allows simultaneous use of the above-mentioned formation models.• Adding the element of interactivity to the structure of UIS of the research library will allow timely monitoring of changes in the information needs of scientists, reduction of time, labor and financial costs of both the library and a user. The article presents the criteria for choosing a model. For the first time the optimal effective structure of the UIS in the research library is described.

INTEGRATED USE OF GIS, REMOTE SENSING DATA AND A SET OF MODELS FOR OPERATIONAL FLOOD FORECASTING

Abstract. The research is aimed at the development and testing of the system for operational river flood forecasting. The system is based on the use of a complex of hydrological and hydrodynamic models, as well as in situ and satellite data integrated processing, and implemented on the basis of a service-oriented architecture. A distinctive feature of the system is the complete automation of the entire simulation cycle - from loading initial data to interpreting results, visualizing and alerting interested parties. The theoretical basis for ensuring the coordinated functioning of all system components is the qualimetry of models and polymodel complexes. The practical implementation is carried out using open codes, free software and GIS platform «RegionView». All the complexity associated with the use of heterogeneous geographically distributed information resources is hidden from the user. This allows the system to be used not only by specialists in GIS, IT or relevant subject area, but also by other users interested in the results of flood monitoring and forecasting - emergency services, local authorities, commercial organizations and citizens. The described technologies and the system of operational flood forecasting were tested in the Russian Federation on the Northern Dvina River, from the city of Velikiy Ustyug to the city of Kotlas in 2014-2019. Given test results prove that the application of such an approach ensures full implementation of the required functionality of operational flood forecasting systems, the fulfilment of the basic requirements for such systems and also indicate the possibility of a widespread use of such systems authorities and emergency services.

Засоби та методи аналізу неструктурованих даних

Analysis of the current trends in the unstructured text data wide usage and the development of software tools for their processing causes the high urgency of this research direction and the necessity of intelligent information systems in such processing. A signigicant part of Big Data consists of unstructured texts that require the further development of specific Text Mining and algorythms of machine learning. Unstructured data consisting of natural language text in the general case, do not have a predetermined data model. Their ambiguity, heterogeneity and context dependence considerably complicate the classification of documents, the identification of their components and the automated obtaining of user-oriented knowledge from their content, while the large volumes and dynamism of such data do not involve efficient manual processing. The means and methods of data structuring, their various software implementations are considered. The prospects of using background knowledge for such structuring are analyzed. The feasibility of application such W3C standards as RDF and OWL is substantiated. The use of semantic Wiki-technologies for development of distributed information resources simplifies the process of natural text structuring by users and also generates the source of background knowledge for the analysis of arbitrary texts of the corresponding domains. The models and methods proposed in the work allow to improve this process. Problems in programming 2019; 1: 57-77

Integration of interval rough AHP and interval rough MABAC methods for evaluating university web pages

Websites are one of the most widely distributed information resources. Educational institutions use this resource to ensure that the best quality of information transmission is achieved. As such, academic sites have become a very important aspect of academic institutions, one that affects their overall quality. Bearing in mind the importance of university websites’ quality, the authors of this paper presented a multi-criteria model for evaluating the quality of university websites. This paper presents the hybrid IR-AHP-MABAC (Interval Rough Analytic Hierarchy Process - MultiAttributive Border Approximation Area Comparison) model. The model is adapted to group decision making as based on the application of a new approach to treating uncertainties through the use of interval rough numbers (IRN). The modified IR-AHP method was used to determine the weight coefficients of the criteria in the group decision-making process. The results of the IR-AHP model are compared with results provided by the traditional AHP method and the fuzzy AHP approach. The IR-MABAC model was used for the evaluation of university websites. In order to verify the results of the IRN based approach, the IR-MABAC model was compared to the F-TOPSIS (Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), F-VIKOR (Fuzzy MultiCriterion Optimization and Compromise Solution), F-COPRAS (Fuzzy COmpressed PRoportional ASsessment), F-MAIRCA (Fuzzy MultiAtributive Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis), and F-TODIM (an acronym of Interactive and Multi Criteria Decision Making in Portuguese) models. The credibility of the IR-AHP-MABAC model was demonstrated by comparing the results of different multi-criteria techniques and analyzing viability. The results of the IRN approach and fuzzy comparison have shown that the new approach to dealing with imprecision yields credible, reputable ranks.

Architecture and Examples of Implementing the Informational Platform for Creation and Provision of Thematic Services Using Earth Remote Sensing Data

The article describes the basics of the design and examples of practical implementation of systems (platforms) for creating and providing thematic services using Earth remote sensing data. The principal features of such systems should be, firstly, the possibility of integrating territorially distributed information resources, including heterogeneous ground-space data and calculation and analysis modules, and secondly, the fullest possible automation of these processes, ensuring interaction with untrained (in the sense of information technologies) user. It is shown that a service-oriented architecture can be the basic approach to creating such systems. Based on a comparative analysis of existing and promising information technologies, the necessary components of the Thematic Services Information Platform (TSIP) were selected. The constructiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated on the examples of practical testing of TSIP when creating thematic services.

Event-Driven Distributed Information Resource-Focusing Service for Emergency Response in Smart City with Cyber-Physical Infrastructures

The smart city has become a popular topic of investigation. How to focus large amounts of distributed information resources to efficiently cope with public emergencies and provide support for personalized decision-making is a vitally important issue in the construction of smart cities. In this paper, an event-driven focusing service (EDFS) method that uses cyber-physical infrastructures for emergency response in smart cities is proposed. The method consists of a focusing service model at the top level, an informational representation of the model and a focusing service process to operate the service model in emergency response. The focusing service method follows an event-driven mechanism that allows the focusing service process to be triggered by public emergencies sensed by wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and mobile crowd sensing, and it integrates the requirements of different societal entities with regard to response to emergencies and information resources, thereby providing comprehensive and personalized support for decision-making. Furthermore, an EDFS prototype system is designed and implemented based on the proposed method. An experiment using a real-world scenario—the gas leakage in August 2014 in Taiyuan, China—is presented demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method for assisting various societal entities in coping with and efficiently responding to public emergencies.