Distributed Information Processing System Research Articles

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЮ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В СИСТЕМЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ИНФОРМАЦИИ

The paper discusses a number of issues related to the formation of the initial information array, represented by the content of the combined databases, as a carrier of information. The methodological approach to combining information resources in a distributed information processing system, in contrast to the well-known methods of integrating information resources, is based on the procedure for transferring the technical characteristics data with mismatched attribute values of electronic components described in a series of new national standards. A clarifying action when combining information arrays is the procedure for transferring the technical characteristics data with mismatched values of the CI attribute. This procedure determines a complete set of technical characteristics of the resulting resource, and the method algorithm is a new mechanism compared to the existing and used combining data methods, that described in the national GOST RF standards of the characterics choice for the russian electronic components. Thus, a feature of the developed method is the algorithm for combining industry data and creating a uniform representation of the complete eletronic components data within one form. The article describes and analyzes the process of combining data parts of two information systems. UML activity diagrams and logical conditions for choosing alternative procedures in this algorithm have been developed. Human participation need cases in the process of combining data are given. The use of this approach and the regulatory framework in the form of a series of national GOST R 59988.XX.XX.XX-2022 will allow a standardization of the information resources of the domestic electronic component base and designing the documentation for prototypes of electronic equipment at all stages of the life cycle.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗРАБОТКИ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ СЕТИ АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОЗАПРАВОЧНЫХ СТАНЦИЙ

The article analyzes the technical requirements for electric vehicle charging stations from the perspective of determining the feasibility and features of designing an information system for their maintenance. The main features of the operation of electric vehicle charging stations are shown according to the standards adopted in Europe, the USA, and China. Their functional characteristics and specifics of remote control using an information system are considered. The article formulates requirements for an information system that can be created based on microservice architecture. It is shown that to ensure interaction between individual parts of the information system, its stable operation in 24/7 mode must be ensured. During the study, it was determined that: – customer-server interaction can be implemented through some application or web interface and should be stable and resilient; – this system will include a payment module, electric balancing while processing of incoming data on the server will represent a distributed information processing system based on a priority queue; – the information system itself should be designed based on an architecture implementing the client-server operating principle; – a special monitoring system should be distributed, allowing timely processing of incoming requests, identifying upsets and resolving them promptly

EEG Microstate-Specific Functional Connectivity and Stroke-Related Alterations in Brain Dynamics.

The brain, as a complex dynamically distributed information processing system, involves the coordination of large-scale brain networks such as neural synchronization and fast brain state transitions, even at rest. However, the neural mechanisms underlying brain states and the impact of dysfunction following brain injury on brain dynamics remain poorly understood. To this end, we proposed a microstate-based method to explore the functional connectivity pattern associated with each microstate class. We capitalized on microstate features from eyes-closed resting-state EEG data to investigate whether microstate dynamics differ between subacute stroke patients (N = 31) and healthy populations (N = 23) and further examined the correlations between microstate features and behaviors. An important finding in this study was that each microstate class was associated with a distinct functional connectivity pattern, and it was highly consistent across different groups (including an independent dataset). Although the connectivity patterns were diminished in stroke patients, the skeleton of the patterns was retained to some extent. Nevertheless, stroke patients showed significant differences in most parameters of microstates A, B, and C compared to healthy controls. Notably, microstate C exhibited an opposite pattern of differences to microstates A and B. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in all microstate parameters for patients with left-sided vs. right-sided stroke, as well as patients before vs. after lower limb training. Moreover, support vector machine (SVM) models were developed using only microstate features and achieved moderate discrimination between patients and controls. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were observed between the microstate-wise functional connectivity and lower limb motor scores. Overall, these results suggest that the changes in microstate dynamics for stroke patients appear to be state-selective, compensatory, and related to brain dysfunction after stroke and subsequent functional reconfiguration. These findings offer new insights into understanding the neural mechanisms of microstates, uncovering stroke-related alterations in brain dynamics, and exploring new treatments for stroke patients.

A Distributed Information Processing System to Solve the Problem of Reducing Electroplating Unevenness

A Distributed Information Processing System to Solve the Problem of Reducing Electroplating Unevenness

Continuous and rapid sound regulation via a compact linear electroacoustic field effect transistor

We report a simple realization of a compact linear electroacoustic field effect transistor (EA-FET) constructed by coupling a membrane-type acoustic metamaterial with a piezoelectric shunt circuit. As analogous to the electroelectronic field effect transistor, the proposed EA-FET is a four-terminal device in which the sound flux is regulated by the external electric field. The core function of the EA-FET relies on the electrical-elasticity-control mechanism stemming from the inside mechanical and electrical interactions. The effectiveness of the EA-FET concept is proved by investigating the intrinsic output and transfer properties and the sound transmission characteristics. The continuous and rapid regulation of sound flux, as well as the acoustic binary encoding via an EA-FET sample, were demonstrated experimentally. As an essential analog acoustic functional device, the EA-FET could play a significant role in engineering the integration of analog acoustic circuits, and it may be adapted to build distributed information processing systems.

Классификация методов моделирования распределенных систем обработки информации

Классификация методов моделирования распределенных систем обработки информации

Solving the Problem of Determining the Maximum Fault Tolerance of Distributed Information Processing Systems with a Limit on Their Reactivity

The use of exponential Queuing networks for calculating the reliability characteristics of distributed in-formation processing systems is proposed. This allows you to naturally tie the reliability characteristics of the system (failure rates) with its technical and operational characteristics (the average response time of the system to user requests). And also reduce the problem to calculating stationary probabilities of Queuing network States. The article formulates and solves the optimization problem of finding the maximum fault tolerance of distributed information processing systems implemented on the basis of a two-level and three-level client-server architecture with a fixed value of the average system response time to user requests. The problem of determining the fault tolerance indicators of distributed information processing systems is reduced to the problem of deter-mining the stationary probabilities of Queuing network States. The article presents the results of numerical ex-periments. The analysis of the obtained results shows the prospects of using these models to obtain estimates of the reliability characteristics distributed information processing systems in various subject areas.

The optimal placement of information resources on the nodes of a distributed information processing system based on a two-tier and three-tier client-server architecture

This paper presents the results of numerical experiments. The models the optimal allocation of information resources on the nodes of the distributed information processing system (IPS) were compared. They are implemented on the basis of a two-tier and three-tier client-server architecture. The article presents a conceptual model of the functioning of a distributed IPS based on a three-tier client-server architecture. It also shows a mathematical model for determining the stationary probabilities of network states and the average system response time to user requests.

Solving Problem of Optimal Placement Information Resources on the Nodes of a Distributed Information Processing System with a Self-Similar Input Flow of Applications

This article presents the results of numerical experiments to solve the problem of optimal placement of information resources on the nodes of a distributed information processing system (DIPS) by the criterion of the minimum average response time of the system to user requests, implemented on the basis of the architecture "file-server", two-level and three-level architecture "client-server" with self-similar input traffic applications. Approximate methods of stochastic Queuing networks research (decomposition approximation method and mean value analysis method) and simulation method were used as modeling methods. The obtained results of numerical experiments are compared with the results of solving the same problems using the exact method of analysis of exponential Queuing networks. By results of the comparative analysis of the received results conclusions are drawn.

Methods and Models for Solving the Problem of Optimal Allocation Information Resources on the Nodes of Distributed Information Processing System and Their Software Implementation

Methods and Models for Solving the Problem of Optimal Allocation Information Resources on the Nodes of Distributed Information Processing System and Their Software Implementation

Models of Optimal Allocation Information Resources on the Nodes of a Distributed Enterprise Information Processing System Using the Decomposition Approximation Method

In this article, using the decomposition approximation method based on the Norton theorem, the authors developed mathematical models of the functioning a distributed information processing system based on a local computer network of a two- level client-server and a three- level client-server architecture with an arbitrary function distribution of service time applications in the network nodes. A developed conceptual model of an equivalent two-node exponential queuing network and the basic mathematical relationships for calculating the intensity of service in the composition center, as well as expressions for calculating the average system response time to user requests are also presented. For the given mathematical models, using the heuristic algorithm developed earlier, the problem optimal allocation of information resources across nodes the computer network was solved by the criterion of the minimum average system response time to user requests. The results of numerical experiments are given, the analysis the results of which allows us to state about the effectiveness the developed models.

Simulation modelling of the heterogeneous distributed information processing systems

This study reviews simulation modelling of the heterogeneous distributed information processing systems. The relevance of simulation modelling for the considered class of systems is substantiated. The purpose of the study is outlined and solutions of the tasks required for its achievement are described. Based on the structural modelling carried-out earlier, main types of the model elements and the relations between them are allocated. The network structure generation algorithm is presented. The behaviour and the structure of model elements are described. Results of the modelling are displayed. At the conclusion, the possibilities for further development of the model are considered, and the conclusion on its practical application for real systems is made.

Multicriterion problem of allocation of resources in the heterogeneous distributed information processing systems

This study reviews the problem of allocation of resources in the heterogeneous distributed information processing systems, which may be formalized in the form of a multicriterion multi-index problem with the linear constraints of the transport type. The algorithms for solution of this problem suggest a search for the entire set of Pareto-optimal solutions. For some classes of hierarchical systems, it is possible to significantly speed up the procedure of verification of a system of linear algebraic inequalities for consistency due to the reducibility of them to the stream models or the application of other solution schemes (for strongly connected structures) that take into account the specifics of the hierarchies under consideration.

Software Package for Solving Problems of Optimal Placement of Information Resources and Modeling the Impact of the Main Integrated Indicators on the Reactivity of Distributed Information Processing Systems

This article describes a software package to solve the problem of optimal placement of information resources (fragments of a distributed database) on the nodes of a distributed information processing system by the criterion of the minimum average response time of the system to user requests. The software package consists of software-implemented mathematical models of distributed information processing systems based on file-server, two-level client-server and three-level client-server architecture, as well as optimization algorithm. The developed software product also allows to make experiments for obtaining and subsequent analysis of the dependence of the reactivity of distributed information processing systems on such integral characteristics as the dimension of the problem, the intensity of the formation of requests by users, the speed of message transmission through communication channels, the speed of reading, the speed of writing and processing in the nodes, which contributes to the planning of a more rational organization of the computational process in the system. The software was implemented on the Net Framework 4.6.1 C# platform using the Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 Сommunity development environment.

International Master’s degree program “High-Performance and distributed information processing systems”

This paper presents information on the content and resources of the internationally certified Master’s program “High-Performance and Distributed Information Processing Systems” in the field of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science. The paper studies scientific achievements of the academic staff, peculiarities of courses currently held, characteristics of available facilities and resources, prospects for the Master’s worldwide research activities at a high scientific level, and opportunities to pursue postgraduate studies and to defend a PhD thesis.

A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Throughput Scalability of Fork and Join Networks with Blocking

Due to emerging applications such as cloud computing and big data analytics, modern information processing systems are growing increasingly large and complex. A critical issue concerns the throughput performance as the system grows in size. This paper models distributed information processing systems as fork and join queueing networks with blocking. We identify necessary and sufficient conditions for throughput scalability of such fork and join networks as they grow in size. Previous studies have either focused on special structured networks such as tandem or tree networks, or provided only necessary conditions for throughput scalability. In this paper, we show that such necessary conditions are not sufficient. We present a key topological concept called ``minimum level" of the underlying graph, and develop lower and upper bounds for the throughput of arbitrary FJQN/Bs. The bounds depend on network degree, minimum level, deterministic cycle time, buffer sizes, and service time distributions, but not on network size. We show that level-boundedness and degree-boundedness are necessary and sufficient conditions to guarantee that the throughput of an FJQN/B is bounded away from zero as network size goes to infinity.

JIDT: An Information-Theoretic Toolkit for Studying the Dynamics of Complex Systems

Complex systems are increasingly being viewed as distributed information processing systems, particularly in the domains of computational neuroscience, bioinformatics and Artificial Life. This trend has resulted in a strong uptake in the use of (Shannon) information-theoretic measures to analyse the dynamics of complex systems in these fields. We introduce the Java Information Dynamics Toolkit (JIDT): a Google code project which provides a standalone, (GNU GPL v3 licensed) open-source code implementation for empirical estimation of information-theoretic measures from time-series data. While the toolkit provides classic information-theoretic measures (e.g. entropy, mutual information, conditional mutual information), it ultimately focusses on implementing higher-level measures for information dynamics. That is, JIDT focusses on quantifying information storage, transfer and modification, and the dynamics of these operations in space and time. For this purpose, it includes implementations of the transfer entropy and active information storage, their multivariate extensions and local or pointwise variants. JIDT provides implementations for both discrete and continuous-valued data for each measure, including various types of estimator for continuous data (e.g. Gaussian, box-kernel and Kraskov-Stoegbauer-Grassberger) which can be swapped at run-time due to Java's object-oriented polymorphism. Furthermore, while written in Java, the toolkit can be used directly in MATLAB, GNU Octave, Python and other environments. We present the principles behind the code design, and provide several examples to guide users.

Analysis and Design of Highway Monitoring System Based on MAS

The highway monitoring system is an open, intelligent, distributed complex information processing system. Analysis of the agent (Agent), Multi-Agent System (MAS) and Agent-oriented software design (AOP), the framework of the MAS- based highway monitoring system, and its composition were analyzed, and discussed the various types of agent of the function and structure, to design a Universal Agent template. Finally, the Agent Communication Language Agent Description Language is discussed.

Intelligent image sensor based on probing the evolution of redox potentials distributed in reaction–diffusion medium

Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction–diffusion medium, considered as a continuously distributed information processing system operating in a highly parallel mode, can be used to process images. A sol–gel method is used to prepare the light-sensitive BZ reaction–diffusion medium, which forms on a circuit board containing 8 × 8 channel matrix platinum electrodes. This medium ensures both reaction running and potential detecting. BZ reaction is excited by projecting an image (input-image) on the light-sensitive BZ medium, followed by the chemical waves’ (output-image) occurrence in the BZ medium. The imaging process in BZ medium is an evolutional one, including image inversion and boundary-enhancement function. Redox potentials distributed in the BZ medium reflect the evolution of the output-image and are detected synchronizing with the image evolution process. The output-image is reconstructed in the form of the distribution of redox potentials. The light-sensitive BZ medium and the potential detecting equipment can be developed as an intelligent image sensor. This system enabled us to open a new way to construct image sensors.

Suspended sediment flux modeling with artificial neural network: An example of the Longchuanjiang River in the Upper Yangtze Catchment, China

Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to model the monthly suspended sediment flux in the Longchuanjiang River, the Upper Yangtze Catchment, China. The suspended sediment flux was related to the average rainfall, temperature, rainfall intensity and water discharge. It is demonstrated that ANN is capable of modeling the monthly suspended sediment flux with fairly good accuracy when proper variables and their lag effect on the suspended sediment flux are used as inputs. Compared with multiple linear regression and power relation models, ANN can generate a better fit under the same data requirement. In addition, ANN can provide more reasonable predictions for extremely high or low values, because of the distributed information processing system and the nonlinear transformation involved. Compared with the ANNs that use the values of the dependent variable at previous time steps as inputs, the ANNs established in this research with only climate variables have an advantage because it can be used to assess hydrological responses to climate change.