Concept Of Distributed Generation Research Articles

Enhancing of the power system resilience through the application of micro power systems (microgrid) with renewable distributed generation

The power sector plays a critical role in the functioning of the economy and the security of a country, being closely interconnected with other vital infrastructures, such as gas supply, water supply, transportation, and telecommunications. Ensuring a stable power supply is crucial for the uninterrupted operation of these systems. One way to enhance the resilience of the power system is by integrating local networks with distributed renewable generation into the overall energy infrastructure. The flexibility, stability, controllability, and self-healing capabilities of microgrids make them an effective solution for improving the resilience of the power system. The power grid is susceptible to disturbances and disruptions that can cause large-scale power outages for consumers. Statistical data indicates that approximately 90% of outages occur due to issues in the distribution system, thus research focuses on local microgrids with distributed renewable generation. This study analyzed the role of microgrids with renewable generation in enhancing the resilience of power systems. Additionally, functions of microgrids that contribute to enhancing power system resilience, such as service restoration, network formation strategies, control and stability, as well as preventive measures, were summarized. It was found that local microgrids have significant potential to enhance power system resilience through the implementation of various strategies, from emergency response planning to providing reliable energy supply for quick responses to military, environmental, and human-induced crises. The concept of local distributed energy generation, storage, and control can reduce reliance on long-distance power transmission lines, reduce network vulnerabilities, and simultaneously improve its resilience and reduce recovery time. It has been determined that the most necessary and promising approaches to enhance the resilience of the power system include developing appropriate regulatory frameworks, implementing automatic frequency and power control systems, ensuring resource adequacy (including the reservation of technical components), promoting distributed generation, integrating energy storage systems into the energy grid, and strengthening cyber security. Keywords: resilience, local power systems, MicroGrid, distributed generation, renewable energy sources.

Time-delay Stability Analysis of the Distributed Economic Dispatch System of an Active Distribution Network

Distributed economic dispatch system has gained a lot of attention because it has better robustness, faster computation and less communication burden, but the system stability in the presence of communication delay is still researched at the fundamental level. By introducing the concept of virtual distributed generation, this paper develops a fully version of the distributed economic dispatching strategy for an active distribution network, and establishes the stability analysis model of the distribution network considering symmetric and asymmetric communication time-delay. The Lyapunov stability theorem and the free weight matrix method are comprehensively applied to derive the time-delay stability criterion of the system and solve the delay stability margin with a lower conservativeness. The distributed economic dispatch strategy in this paper under various operating conditions, the delay stability analysis method and delay stability margin solution are verified by the simulation results on an active distribution network modified based on the IEEE-14 system.

Analysis of the Power Cloud Framework Benefits and the Role of the City Energy Provider in the New Italian Electricity Tariff Scenario

The need to consume less and better energy pushes more and more to find efficient solutions at the individual end-user and community levels. The concept of an energy community is becoming increasingly popular, and recently, many studies try to demonstrate how an aggregation of end-users, which produces energy according to a distributed generation concept, is a mechanism able to overcome the increasingly tight constraints imposed by the electricity market, both for the end-user and for the network and market operators. In this context, the paper is aimed at verifying the convenience for both end-user and aggregator sides to operate in an aggregate form considering the new tariff scenario imposed in some European countries like Italy.

A new developed smart grid protection technique with wind farms based on positive sequence impedances and current angles

The wind farms penetration in power systems has an adverse impact on transmission lines system protection due to the characteristics of wind farms that are different from the conventional sources during fault occurrence. Different factors such as the distributed generation concept, the own behavior of the wind generator, variation of wind farm impedance during faults inside the farm, and varying wind speed arise different challenges regarding the behavior of the relay protection. The paper introduces a novel protection technique based on total positive sequence impedance and positive sequence current angles through wide area monitoring system. A new protection-setting contour with an efficient and capacity to identify the faulted zone during different fault conditions is developed. The proposed protection scheme tripping action has to fulfil the fault ride through capability (FRT). The results showed a simple and robust new protection system for such smart grid configuration system with wind farms.

Expanding the Distributed Generation Concept: Toward Decentralized Energy and Water Supply.

Rainwater harvesting decentralizes the water supply in full analogy to what building‐integrated photovoltaics and solar thermal do for electricity and heat. In this new decentralized generation scenario, the built environment is used to collect both sunlight photons and water molecules with significant economic and environmental benefits. Referring to recent progress and to real‐life findings from around the world, this work provides an answer to several relevant questions of direct interest to policy makers and early adopters of broadened distributed generation. The conclusions offer guidelines for developing a successful distributed generation strategy at the regional level by unifying solar energy and water management policies.

Decentralisation dynamics in energy systems: A generic simulation of network effects

Distributed generation is becoming increasingly important in energy systems, causing a transition towards decentralisation. These decentralisation dynamics are difficult to predict in their scope and timing and therefore present a major challenge for utility companies. This paper aims to make a contribution to the field of energy transitions with a model-based theory-building approach. A conceptual framework of the major (circular) causalities of regional energy systems is presented. It improves the knowledge on transition patterns of distributed generation concepts and the interplaying network effects. Network effects between technologies, the installed base and the investment decision criteria are important elements in the transition dynamics. A System Dynamics simulation model is built, capturing the consumption concepts related to distributed generation, as well as arising network effects, to analyse the likely transition patterns of regional energy systems. Our simulation results highlight the significance of network effects steering the investment decision for distributed generation concepts, pilot projects to accelerate the transition of regional energy systems and the general role of microgrids in the decentralisation dynamics.

Design and Implementation of Software to Describe the Behavior of a Photovoltaic Generator Connected to the Low Voltage Grid

A Computer Software application has been developed to simulate the behavior of a photovoltaic generator connected to the low voltage network. Although this software was devised to be used mainly in in-household installations, it could also be implemented in commercial and industrial installations. By using distributed generation concepts, the behavior of the photovoltaic generator is described through three different cases: the first case is only based on the power consumption from the distribution network. The second one is based on the energy generated by the photovoltaic system. The last one is based on the consumption along with the power generation. Furthermore, this software can determine the behavior of the photovoltaic generator by using demand curves and historical power curves. Three different options can be used to model the demand curves: data insertion from the user, choice of a default curve (given by some network operators), and generation of the curve using Artificial Neuronal Networks (ANN). ANN are also used to simulate the power generation from measurements of solar radiation provided by the Línea de Investigación en Fuentes Alterntativas de Energía LIFAE (Searching Lab on Alternative Energy Sources) from Universidad Distrital. Finally, to generate the total curve, which represents the photovoltaic user behavior, the previous curves are added (demand curve and power curve). The final curve shows sundry values per hour, according to how the initial curves have been modeled.

Review of the Distributed Generation Concept: Attempt of Unification

This paper is a review of the different distributed generation concepts of the bibliography. It presents the most known concepts of international and regional institution, and summarizes and characterizes all concepts to make an inclusive concept like results and conclusions of this paper.