Placement Of Distributed Energy Resources Research Articles

Maximizing technical and economical benefits of distribution systems by optimal allocation and hourly scheduling of capacitors and distributed energy resources

ABSTRACTTechnical and economic benefits of installing distributed energy resources (DERs) and capacitor banks (C-Bs) can be maximized by optimal allocation of them. The aim of this paper is to enrich technical benefits such as voltage profile, system losses and reliability and also to increase economic benefits by maximizing the savings of energy losses and decreasing the cost of energy not supplied. The work in this paper is divided into three stages; (i) optimal placement of DERs, (ii) optimal placement of C-Bs and (iii) optimal placement of C-Bs with the existence of installed optimal DERs. The daily load variations have been considered to optimally schedule fixed and switched C-Bs. Aim of this work is formulated as a maximum objective function and is solved by a modern optimization algorithm called sine cosine algorithm (SCA). The proposed SCA method is tested on standard IEEE 33 and 69-bus radial distribution systems. Results show that the developed SCA is able to maximize the annual savings and hybrid integration of DGs and C-Bs to distribution networks is preferable than integrating one of them alone. Also, superiority of the proposed algorithm is verified by comparing its results with other optimization methods and by using a non-parametric Wilcoxon statistical test.

Multiobjective Optimal DERs Placement and Sizing Considering Generator Shaft Fatigue

Optimal placement and sizing of distributed energy resources (DERs) can be performed from various points of view. In this paper, a multiobjective function is employed to determine optimal place and size of DERs including combination of photovoltaic resources and a small-scale synchronous generator (SSSG) with an internal combustion engine as its prime mover. As the objective function, not only minimization of investment costs, operation costs, and system losses are used, but also the voltage of microgrid (μG) busses and current of lines are considered as constraints. In addition, this paper shows mechanical stresses can be imposed on the SSSG caused by generator swings after short circuit fault clearing. Furthermore, it may lead to mechanical fatigue in its associated shaft and prime mover. Meanwhile, it is revealed that the mechanical stresses depend on the DERs placement and size. Thus, a novel index representing the stresses on the SSSG shaft is applied in the multiobjective goal function. This decreases SSSG loss of life in a μG with overhead lines which has high rate of short circuit faults. Optimization studies are performed in a six-bus and four-DER μG using time-based simulations.

Optimum Sizing and Placement of Distributed and Renewable Energy Sources in Electric Power Distribution Systems

Concerns with climate change, requirements for the renewable portfolio standards, government incentives, and lowering cost of renewable and distributed energy resources (DERs) are some of the driving forces for the steeper growth in DER installations. DERs are commonly connected near the load in electric power distribution systems and include renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, fossil-fuel-based generation such as microturbines, and other distributed energy storage elements. A novel methodology is developed in this paper that optimizes the sizing and placement of DER on electrical distribution feeders based on both technical and economic considerations and tested on the IEEE 34-bus system.