Applications In Distributed Environments Research Articles

On the Adoption of Erasure Code for Cloud Storage by Major Distributed Storage Systems

INTRODUCTION: Traditional Cloud Systems are struggling to cope with the exponential growth of data in todays’ distributed application environment. The amount of data online has continuously increased since 2003. From an estimated 5 Exabyte in 2003 to 988 Exabyte in 2010. Presently it

Machine Learning for the Communication Optimization in Distributed Systems

The objective of the work that is presented in this paper was the problem of the communication optimization and detection of the issues of computing resources performance degradation [1, 2] with the usage of machine learning techniques. Computer networks transmit payload data and the meta-data from numerous sources towards vast number of destinations, especially in multi-tenant environments [3, 4]. Meta data describes the payload data and could be analyzed for anomalies detection in the communication patterns. Communication patterns depend on the payload itself and technical protocol used. The technical patterns are the research target as their analysis could spotlight the vulnerable behavior, for example: unusual traffic, extra load transported and etc.There was a big data used to train model with a supervised machine learning. Dataset was collected from the network interfaces of the distributed application infrastructure. Machine Learning tools had been retained from the cloud services provider – Amazon Web Services. The stochastic gradient descent technique was utilized for the model training, so that it could represent the communication patterns in the system. The learning target parameter was a packet length, the regression was performed to understand the relationship between packet meta-data (timestamp, protocol, the source server) and its length. The root mean square error calculation was applied to evaluate the learning efficiency. After model was prepared using training dataset, the model was tested with the test dataset and then applied on the target dataset (dataset for prediction) to check whether it was capable to detect anomalies.The experimental part showed the applicability of machine learning for the communication optimization in the distributed application environment. By means of the trained artificial intelligence model, it was possible to predict target parameters of traffic and computing resources usage with purpose to avoid service degradation. Additionally, one could reveal anomalies in the transferred traffic between application components. The application of techniques is envisioned in information security field and in the field of efficient network resources planning.Further research could be in application machine learning techniques for more complicated distributed environments and enlarging the number of protocols to prepare communication patterns.

Security Analysis of a Single Sign-On Mechanism For Distributed Computer Networks

Single sign on mechanisms allow users to sign on only once and have their identities automatically verified by each application or service they want to access afterwards. There are few practical and secure single sign on models, even though it is of great importance to current distributed application environments. Most of current application architectures require the user to memorize and utilize a different set of credentials (eg username/password or tokens) for each application he/she wants to access. However, this approach is inefficient and insecure with the exponential growth in the number of applications and services a user has to access both inside corporative environments and at the Internet. Single sign on (SSO) is a new authentication mechanism that enables a legal user with a single credential to be authenticated by multiple service providers in distributed computer networks. Recently, Chang and Lee proposed a new SSO scheme and claimed its security by providing well organized security arguments. In this paper, however, it is shown that their scheme is actually insecure as it fails to meet security during communication, in order to provide a secure authentication digital signature with hash function is researched for future work.

Enhanced cross-layer based middleware for mobile ad hoc networks

The middleware developed for traditional mobile wireless networks cannot be directly applied to mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) due to MANET's salient characteristics such as node mobility and limited resources. Most existing message-oriented middleware for mobile networks rely on infrastructure or assume the existence of reliable and continuous connections among communicating entities. These schemes do not take advantage of cross-layer optimization. Publish/subscribe middleware has been widely used to provide asynchronous communication functionality in distributed application environments. Due to frequent node disconnections, asynchronous publish/subscribe message middleware is a proper communication model for mobile ad hoc networking environments. This paper presents mobility aware and a cross-layer based middleware (MOBCROSS) for MANETs. MOBCROSS is based on the publishing and subscription of topics. The main features of MOBCROSS are mobility awareness, network reconfiguration, message caching, and cross-layer interaction support. The performance of the middleware is evaluated in a simulation environment. MOBCROSS is compared with middleware without cross-layer (MWCL) scheme. MWCL provides caching but does not employ cross-layering. The simulation results indicated that MOBCROSS achieves higher performance as compared to MWCL with respect to packet delivery ratio with slightly lower message overhead.

An autonomic operating environment for large-scale distributed applications

This paper presents the OptimalGrid Operating Environment, and shows how it tackles the difficulty of automatically building, distributing and running connected distributed parallel programs. One of the main goals of OptimalGrid is to hide the comple

Guest Editorial on Challenges of Large Applications in Distributed Environments (CLADE)

Guest Editorial on Challenges of Large Applications in Distributed Environments (CLADE)

Network QoS for Grid Systems

Grid users may wish to have fine-grained control of quality of service (QoS) guarantees in a network in order to allow timely data transfer in a distributed application environment. We present a discussion of the issues and problems involved, with some critical analysis. We propose possible solutions by making reference to and analysing existing work. Also, we describe the mechanisms being proposed as part of a work-in-progress (being conducted by the authors) that uses a peer-to-peer approach to micro-manage network capacity allocations at the edge of the network, at end-sites, in a multi-domain scenario. Scheduling controllers at the end-sites are employed, which are subject to local administrative controls and have flexibility in resource allocation based on user requests for network capacity. We highlight the issues in scaling such systems to large numbers of users and the issues concerning the interfaces available to applications and end-users for accessing such services.

PKI services for IPv6

A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a key component for most of the current and future secure communications architectures and distributed application environments. Thus, the process of migrating UMU-PKI to IPv6 is important for the successful deployment of IPv6 as a basic component of the future Internet. A recent European research project provides an ideal opportunity to migrate the Java-based UMU-PKI to IPv6 and build new security services over it.

New security services based on PKI

The basic job of a public key infrastructure (PKI) is to define the mechanisms used both to allow a recipient of a signed message to trust a digital signature and to allow a sender to find the encryption key for a recipient. It is comprised of those elements needed to manage and enable the effective use of public key cryptography technology, particularly in medium and large-scale. Nowadays, PKIs are considered to be a key element for providing security to new distributed application environments. However, the sole use of a PKI as a mechanism to create a link between an identifier and a public key is not enough to offer effective mechanisms to those environments. New security services based on PKI try to address some existing drawbacks of current distributed systems. On the one hand, they can provide mechanisms to alleviate the lack of support for decentralized and automated management of access control and authorization policies, which are usually configured using inefficient and error-prone methods. On the other hand, new security services can also be used to link authorization information to the public keys being certified by the PKI, therefore enabling new opportunities for distributed access control procedures. In this paper, we describe two of these innovative security services built over our own designed and implemented Java IPv6 PKI: a distributed security policy management architecture and a distributed credential management system.

The HERA-B database services: for detector configuration, calibration, alignment, slow control and data classification

The database services for the distributed application environment of the HERA-B experiment are presented. Achieving the required 10 6 trigger reduction implies that all reconstruction, including calibration and alignment procedures, must run online, making extensive usage of the database systems. The associations from the events to the database objects are carefully introduced considering efficiency and flexibility. The challenges of managing the slow control information were addressed by introducing data and update objects used in special processing on dedicated servers. The system integrates the DAQ client/server protocols with customized active database servers and relies on a high-performance database support toolkit. For applications that required complex selection mechanisms, as in the data-quality databases, the relevant data is replicated using a relational database management system.

A distributed system architecture for a distributed application environment

Advances in communications technology, development of powerful desktop workstations, and increased user demands for sophisticated applications are rapidly changing computing from a traditional centralized model to a distributed one. The tools and services for supporting the design, development, deployment, and management of applications in such an environment must change as well. This paper is concerned with the architecture and framework of services required to support distributed applications through this evolution to new environments. In particular, the paper outlines our rationale for a peer-to-peer view of distributed systems, presents motivation for our research directions, describes an architecture, and reports on some preliminary experiences with a prototype system.

An object model for integration

The plethora of data models, specified or implicit, in today's technology selection causes a great confusion: the lack of programmer portability, or the ability of a programmer to adapt to new systems. Coupled with differences in terminology in object technology, the object-oriented data models (or object models) found in various technologies (object-oriented languages, user interfaces, application development environments, etc.) can be quite confusing for a programmer or analyst that needs to use a large selection of tools in his or her everyday work. This lack of portability, and a resulting lack of interoperability, are the primary targets of interoperability standards which the Object Management Group is specifying for heterogeneous distributed application environments. This paper presents a unified core object model set of concepts used throughout the standards process of the Object Management Group to present a consistent face to users of OMG-compliant software.

A review of synthesis techniques for Petri nets with applications to automated manufacturing systems

Research results in both bottom-up and top-down synthesis techniques for Petri net modeling are reviewed. These methods can be adopted for representing parallel and distributed application environments such as automated manufacturing systems. Bottom-up techniques, consisting of the merging of places and sharing of simple elementary paths, have the advantage of ease of system description since the modeled subsystems usually have real-life correspondences. Nevertheless, with current bottom-up techniques, the synthesized system may not exhibit the same control properties as the subsystems. Top-down methods, including refinement of transitions and refinement of places, have the advantage of viewing the system globally, which may generate more structured designs. However, it is difficult to apply these methods to the environments with highly shared resources. Examples in the context of automated manufacturing systems are given to demonstrate application of these techniques. Petri net reduction techniques and their relationship to synthesis methods are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Supporting distributed applications in the Amadeus environment

Distributed programming is becoming commonplace, typically based on remote procedure call (RPC) and lightweight threads packages, possibly with an underlying distributed file service. It is argued here that there are significant merits in providing an integrated distributed application environment, rather than merely augmenting one or more programming languages individually with an RPC package, threads support and remote file access. Our Amadeus environment is a proof of concept implementation, currently extending C++ for distributed and persistent programming above UNIX ∗ ∗ UNIX is a trademark of UNIX Systems Labs. Inc. .

An associated object model for distributed systems

As ISDNs develop, distributed applications on these networks will increase in number, scope and complexity. The distributed application environment will become more and more complicated. Distributed applications are as varied as application environments, requiring cooperations between them in different ways and to different extents. We describe here a new model that is designed to support distributed applications, called the Associated Object Model . In this model, multi-objects can communicate with each other through an abstract association, making it possible for application objects to cooperate in wider degree than was possible before. A mechanism supporting associations, broker, is introduced in this paper. By the mechanism, many associations between cooperating application objects can be established and maintained. The paper also includes some discussions about the description and implementation of the model and the mechanism.

Computer communication standards

This is one of a series of reports on the state of affairs in the communication standards arena. The development of high-quality standards for networking services, protocols, and interfaces has taken on a new urgency in the past few years with the rapid evolution of communication technologies and system architectures that are uniquely suited, both technically and economically, to the construction of distributed application environments. Unfortunately, despite the growing importance of these standards to a very large community of computer system builders and users, the standards-making process is not widely understood; it has a language of its own, and its metabolism is extremely confusing to those who are not actively involved. These reports are motivated by the belief that better standards - timelier, more relevant, and closer to the state of the art - will result from a more widely informed community of interest. Communication standards are produced by a large number of domestic and international organizations, most of which have meaningless, unpronounceable names that look like something out of the Dewey Decimal system. As a further complication, the organizations and their relationships to one another change as the standards-making process evolves. The most important telecommunications standards organization, the International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee (CCITT), disbands its study groups every four years, holds a plenary meeting (the 8th CCITT Plenary Assembly was held on October 8-19, 1984), and creates new study groups for the next four-year period. The other major communications standards body, Technical Committee 97 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), has just completed a major reorganization of its subcommittees, which particularly affects the groups working on Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) standards. This report contains a new ISO TC97 organization chart, which supercedes the corresponding chart in the first of these reports (CCR 13:1, January, 1983). A new CCITT organization chart will appear in the next issue of CCR. Summary descriptions of what some of the standards groups are doing, arranged by subject, begin below. Needless to say, there are many other standards activities that for reasons of limited space are not mentioned.