Distress In Year Research Articles

Examining the influence of motivation and engagement on psychological distress: A one-year follow-up study

Few would dispute the importance of motivation and engagement as predictors of students’ psychological functioning at university. However, there are at least two key issues in this area: 1) Few studies embrace a validated, ‘multidimensional’ framework, for motivation and engagement; and 2) few studies in this area control for wellbeing outcomes at baseline. In this study, a sample of first-year university students (N = 71) completed measures of motivation and engagement as well as psychological distress in Year 1, and their psychological distress was measured again in Year 2, one year later. It was found that after controlling for age, gender, and psychological distress (Time 1), motivation and engagement was predictive of psychological distress one year later. The findings demonstrate the importance of motivation and engagement in predicting psychological functioning among university students over the course of their studies.

ANALISIS FINANCIAL DISTRESS BANK UMUM MILIK NEGARA (BUMN) MASA PANDEMI COVID 19

The purpose of this study was to analyze financial distress using the Altman (Z-Score) method at Bank Umum Milik Negara (BUMN) during pandemin Covid 19. The results showed that PT. BRI (Persero) Tbk with a condition that is not financial distress in years 2015 and 2016. In years 2017, 2018 and 2019 included in the gray area. PT. BNI 46 (Persero) Tbk in years 2015 meaning is not financial distress. Years 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 this means it is included in the gray area. PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, in year 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 it is included in a gray area. PT. BTN (Persero) Tbk in year 2015 included in the gray area, years 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 this shows that PT. BTN (Persero) Tbk expriencing financial distress

Psychological distress in survivors of farmers' suicides in drought prone Aurangabad and Jalna Districts of Marathwada region in Maharashtra, India

Background: Survivors of suicide experience psychological distress for years after suicide. In India, farmers' suicide survivors are special group, with unique set of stressors. There are very few studies examining this group in India. The objective was to assess psychological distress and its correlates in survivors of farmers' suicides. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study from two districts of Marathwada region of Maharashtra. A predesigned and pretested semi-structured questionnaire to assess sociodemographic variables was used. Self-reporting questionnaire-20 was administered to evaluate psychological distress in 93 survivors of farmers' suicides. Standard descriptive statistics (percentages, means, and Chi-square test) were used. Results: Female-to-male ratio was 2.8:1. Majority (76%) survivors were young adults and 97.8% were from rural area. Most survivors assessed in study were spouse (68.8%) followed by parents (9.6%), siblings (2.2%), progeny, and others (19.35%) of suicide victims. Of all survivors, 75% were doing farming, while rest had other sources of income in addition to farming. Out of 93 survivors, 81.7% of survivors were experiencing significant psychological distress. Twenty-eight percent survivors themselves had thought of ending their life during 1 month prior to assessment. Most commonly, distress was expressed through somatic symptoms and depressed mood. There was no significant correlation of psychological distress with age, sex, occupation, and place of residence of survivors. There was no significant correlation between psychological distress and relationship of survivor with suicide victim. Conclusions: Survivors of farmers' suicides are suffering from significant psychological distress. Suicide ideation was present in significant number of them. The current situation needs urgent psychological intervention to alleviate their suffering.

Climate Shocks Cash Crops and Resilience: Evidence from Colonial Tropical Africa

A rapidly growing body of research examines how weather variability, anomalies and shocks influence economic and societal outcomes. This study investigates the effects of weather shocks on African smallholder farmers in British colonial Africa and intervenes in the debate on the mediating effect of cash crops on resilience to shocks. We employ a dual research strategy, involving both qualitative and econometric analysis. We analyse original primary evidence retrieved from annual administrative records and construct a panel dataset of 151 districts across West, South-central and East Africa in the Interwar Era (1920-1939). Our findings are twofold. First, we qualitatively expose a range of mechanisms leading from drought and excessive rainfall to harvest failure and social upheaval. We then test the link econometrically and find a robust U-shaped relation between rainfall deviation and social upheaval, proxied by annual imprisonment. Second, we review a long-standing and unsettled debate on the impact of cash crop cultivation on farmers’ resilience to environmental shocks and find that cash crop districts experienced lower levels of social tension and distress in years of extreme rainfall variability.

Fraudulent Statements Disclosure And Financial Distress: A Discrete-Time Survival Analysis

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-align: justify; line-height: 12pt; margin: 0in 36.1pt 0pt 0.5in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">This study </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">uses discrete-time survival analysis (DTSA) to</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> examine the </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">influence of fraudulent statements disclosure on the probability of financial distress not only in the initial period subsequent to disclosure, but future periods as well. Evidence indicates DTSA is superior to logistic regression and extends a richer depiction of the probability after a first-time fraudulent statement disclosure. After </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">fraudulent statements disclosure,</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> 24% of the reporting firms </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">experienced financial distress in Year 1, with the hazard function declines progressively in subsequent years. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">We find total liability to total assets, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">directors and supervisors’ stock pledged ratio, and CPA (Certified Public Accountant) change are definitely linked to financial distress probability (p-value <0.05). A DTSA model not only includes financial ratios, but also considers corporate governance variables to produce more accurate classification than those of alternative models. </span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: DFKai-SB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"></span></p>

Are Infant-Toddler Social-Emotional and Behavioral Problems Transient?

To examine the persistence of parent-reported social-emotional and behavioral problems in infants and toddlers. The sample comprised 1,082 children ascertained from birth records. Children were 12 to 40 months old in year 1 (1998-1999) and 23 to 48 months old in year 2 (1999-2000). Eighty percent participated in year 1 and 91% were retained in year 2. Social-emotional and behavioral problems were measured by high scores (> or=90th percentile) on the Internalizing, Externalizing, and/or Dysregulation domains of the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA). Parents reported on sociodemographic factors, family life impairment, parenting stress, and family functioning. Among children with any high ITSEA domain score in year 1, 49.9% had persistent psychopathology, as indicated by the continued presence of a high score in year 2. In multivariate analyses, persistence was significantly more likely when parents reported co-occurring problems (i.e., problems in multiple ITSEA domains), high family life disruption, and high parenting distress in year 1. Homotypic persistence rates (i.e., same domain persistence) ranged from 38% to 50%. Only for dysregulation was homotypic persistence greater when co-occurring problems were present than for dysregulation alone. Persistence patterns were similar for boys and girls. Findings indicate that infant-toddler social-emotional/behavioral problems are not transient and highlight the need for early identification, multidomain and family assessment, and effective early intervention.

INTENSIVE STUDY OF FIFTY CASES OF NEUROCIRCULATORY ASTHENIA

With the recognition of a cardiac class for remediable military recruits after the elimination of the unquestionably unfit, the so-called constitutional cardiac neurotic presents an extremely difficult problem. We have attempted to study intensively fifty such cases taken from all varieties of military service-men deemed unfit for overseas duty and who, in contradistinction to the possible infectious and functional group, were selected because of the constitutional or pre-enlistment nature of their complaint. This so-called neurocirculatory asthenic who reports for military duty has not been subjected to the strain of early training, nor has he recently suffered severe infection. He has complained of cardiac distress for years. He is made of poor material that has been constantly irritated. His start in life is only fair at best, and therefore, with added external and internal irritation he becomes a poorly disciplined waster of nervous energy. This group is particularly susceptible to external