Distraction Research Articles

Factors affecting the relapse of maxilla and soft tissues of nose, upper lip and velopharyngeal structures after maxillary advancement in cleft patients.

The objectives of this study were to find the factors affecting the relapses after maxillary advancement in cleft patients. This retrospective study included 25 cleft patients. The serial lateral cephalograms were used for the evaluation of the maxilla and the soft tissue relapses in 1-year post-operative period. The skeletal relapse rate correlated with the amount of skeletal movement only in horizontal direction (r = 0.483, p = 0.015). The patients with significant skeletal relapse did not have different amount of soft tissue relapses when compared to the patients without significant skeletal relapse, except for the A' point. Relapses of the soft tissue parameters of the upper lip and nose were correlated with the upper incisor tip position horizontally and vertically. When comparing the patients who underwent maxillary distraction (DO) with the patients who underwent conventional orthognathic surgery (CO), the DO group had greater NLA relapse and increase of pharyngeal depth than the CO group.

An examination of worry and self-distancing as coping strategies for anxiety-provoking experiences in individuals high in worry

ABSTRACT Objectives This preliminary online study investigated the short-term effects of self-distancing, worry, and distraction on anxiety and worry-related appraisals among individuals high in worry. Design and Methods N = 104 community members high in trait worry were randomly assigned to think about a personally identified worry-provoking situation using self-distancing (SC), worry (WC), or distraction (DC). Participants rated their anxiety (Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety) and appraisals of the situation (Perceived Probability, Coping, and Cost Questions) at post-task and one-day follow-up. Results Mixed factorial ANOVAs revealed an increase in anxiety within the WC (d = .475) and no difference in anxiety within the SC (d = .010) from pre- to post-task. There was no difference in anxiety within the DC (p = .177). Participants within the SC reported a decrease in the perceived cost associated with their identified situation from pre- to post-task (d = .424), which was maintained at one-day follow-up (d = .034). Participants reported an increase in perceived ability to cope from post-task to one-day follow-up (d = .236), and from pre-task to one-day follow-up (d = .338), regardless of condition. Conclusions Self-distancing may prevent increases in anxiety and catastrophizing while reflecting on a feared situation.

Improved attentional abilities after playing five weeks of active video games in children with and without developmental coordination disorder

Background Besides motor coordination problems, attentional impairments are reported in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), but the connection or trainability is still unclear. Aim To test changes on attentional abilities after playing active video games (AVG) in children with DCD and their peers (TD), to evaluate near transfer and the relationship between omissions in attentional and motor tests. Methods Seventy children (35 DCD; 35 TD), 7–12 years old, were assessed on three types of attention: distractibility (DIS); divided-attention (DA); sustained-attention (SA) and on the Wii Fit test pre- and post-training. Results A significant decrease of errors in attentional tasks was found after training, independent of group (TD/DCD) and console (Wii Fit/Xbox) with medium-strong effect sizes (DIS η2 p =.42; DA η2 p =.51; SA η2 p =.41). The groups responded similarly to the training but the DCD children scored poorer on the DA. A positive transfer-effect to the non-trained Wii Fit test was found in accuracy (missed gates), while speed proved console-specific. A medium/strong relation was found between omissions in attentional tasks and the missed gates (Wii Fit test). Conclusion More accurate responses on attentional tasks were found after AVG-training in both groups. A clear relationship between attentional abilities and motor performance was found.

Accessibility of the metatarsal head comparing distraction and plantarflexion in a 2‐portal technique for first metatarsophalangeal (MTP 1) joint arthroscopy

Introduction/Purpose Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral lesion of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP1) joint is an established procedure. Non-invasive distraction is most commonly applied when a dorsal 2-portal technique is used. Alternatively, plantarflexion can be utilized. In order to compare the arthroscopic reachability of the first metatarsal head, a laboratory study in anatomical specimens was performed. Methods Twenty matched pairs (n=40) of fresh-frozen lower leg specimens were obtained and randomly assigned into two groups, a distraction (DIS) and a plantarflexion (PF) group, respectively. A standard 2-portal approach (dorsolateral and dorsomedial portals) with a 1.9mm 30° scope was used. The arthroscopic accessibility of the first metatarsal head was evaluated using chondral picks. Markings at the metatarsal heads were made intraoperatively and measured after exarticulation. Results In the DIS group the mean accessible area was 58.03%, while the accessible area in the PF group was 55.93%. Though there is a small difference between the two groups, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.51). Range of motion of the MTP 1 joint did not affect reachability. In one specimen (2.5%) the dorsomedial hallucal nerve was injured during arthroscopy. Conclusion Access to the MTP1-joint for the treatment of osteochondral lesions is similar using distraction or plantarflexion during arthroscopy. The plantarflexion technique has the advantage of less surgical equipment needed. The dorsomedial hallucal nerve is at danger at the medial portal.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLD COMPRESSES AND STORY DISTRACTION TECHNIQUES TOWARDS INFUSED INSERTION PAIN

Installation of infusion is an action that is quite often done in the hospitalespecially at emergency room. The proceeding of infusion can cause pain that is felt by the client, so it requires non pharmacological therapy among them are cold compress therapy and storytelling distraction technique. The purpose of the research is to find out the effectiveness of cold compress and distractions storytelling about infusion insertion pain. The reseach design used is pre-experimental design with post test only design approach, sampling using purposive sampling technique with sample size of 25 respondents in the cold compress group and 25 respondents at distraction storytelling group. The instrument for collecting data uses an observation sheet. The results of this research indicate the average pain in the group of respondents who received cold compress treatment during infusion 1,20, whereas in the group that gets distraction tells the average value is 2,56. The statistical test results are used Mann Whitney’s test obtained value P (0,000) < ά (0,05) that is, there are significant differenees between cold compress pain storytelling to infusion insertion pain. Therefore it can be concluded that cold compress are more effective at reducing infusion insertion pain than storytelling distraction technique.

COLLEGES OF EDUCATION STUDENT-TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE E-LEARNING IN THE ERA OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The study examined students’ perceptions on the impact of online learning in the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive survey design was used. The study was conducted on level 100 student-teachers in three colleges of education (Accra, E. P. Amedzofe, and Peki), affiliated to the University of Ghana with a total population of 802. The calculated sample size was 325 on 4.2% margin of error with 95% confident level. A self-designed survey questionnaire, containing the background information, and five scaled Likert-type questions grouped on the variables of: home factors; teaching-learning and supports; and impacts of the online learning on students. The instrument was pilot tested on 50 student-teachers and later administered to the participants. The Cronbach alpha reliability check on instruments was 0.75 indicating the consistent reliability of the instrument. In all, 335 participants responded to the questionnaire. Descriptive data analysis was carried on with the Jamovi Statistical Data Analysis (JSDA) tool. Results revealed that students’ E-learning are being distracted mostly by home related factors. The high cost of internet data and unstable internet connectivity were among the trending issues of concern to most students on the E-learning. The study recommends the consideration of blended teaching in the Colleges to prepare students in both physical and virtual classrooms experiences. Further, the colleges are urged to use common Learning Management System (LMS) to manage cost and internet data usage. Article visualizations:

The Influence of Cognitive Reappraisal and Distraction Strategy on Relieving Negative Affect: Using Intrapersonal Regulation and Interpersonal Regulation

The Influence of Cognitive Reappraisal and Distraction Strategy on Relieving Negative Affect: Using Intrapersonal Regulation and Interpersonal Regulation

Suggested deafness during hypnosis and simulation of hypnosis compared to a distraction and control condition: A study on subjective experience and cortical brain responses.

Hypnosis is a powerful tool to affect the processing and perception of stimuli. Here, we investigated the effects of hypnosis on the processing of auditory stimuli, the time course of event-related-potentials (ERP; N1 and P3b amplitudes) and the activity of cortical sources of the P3b component. Forty-eight participants completed an auditory oddball paradigm composed of standard, distractor, and target stimuli during a hypnosis (HYP), a simulation of hypnosis (SIM), a distraction (DIS), and a control (CON) condition. During HYP, participants were suggested that an earplug would obstruct the perception of tones and during SIM they should pretend being hypnotized and obstructed to hear the tones. During DIS, participants’ attention was withdrawn from the tones by focusing participants’ attention onto a film. In each condition, subjects were asked to press a key whenever a target stimulus was presented. Behavioral data show that target hit rates and response time became significantly reduced during HYP and SIM and loudness ratings of tones were only reduced during HYP. Distraction from stimuli by the film was less effective in reducing target hit rate and tone loudness. Although, the N1 amplitude was not affected by the experimental conditions, the P3b amplitude was significantly reduced in HYP and SIM compared to CON and DIS. In addition, source localization results indicate that only a small number of neural sources organize the differences of tone processing between the control condition and the distraction, hypnosis, and simulation of hypnosis conditions. These sources belong to brain areas that control the focus of attention, the discrimination of auditory stimuli, and the organization of behavioral responses to targets. Our data confirm that deafness suggestions significantly change auditory processing and perception but complete deafness is hard to achieve during HYP. Therefore, the term ‘deafness’ may be misleading and should better be replaced by ‘hypoacusis’.

Accessibility of the Metatarsal Head Comparing Distraction and Plantarflexion in a 2-Portal Technique for First Metatarsophalangeal (MTP 1) Joint Arthroscopy

Category:Arthroscopy; Midfoot/ForefootIntroduction/Purpose:Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral lesion of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP1) joint is an established procedure. Non-invasive distraction is most commonly applied when a dorsal 2-portal technique is used. Alternatively, plantarflexion can be utilized. In order to compare the arthroscopic reachability of the first metatarsal head, a laboratory study in anatomical specimens was performed.Methods:Twenty matched pairs (n=40) of fresh-frozen lower leg specimens were obtained and randomly assigned into two groups, a distraction (DIS) and a plantarflexion (PF) group, respectively. A standard 2-portal approach (dorsolateral and dorsomedial portals) with a 1.9mm 30° scope was used. The arthroscopic accessibility of the first metatarsal head was evaluated using chondral picks. Markings at the metatarsal heads were made intraoperatively and measured after exarticulation.Results:In the DIS group the mean accessible area was 58.03%, while the accessible area in the PF group was 55.93%. Though there is a small difference between the two groups, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.51). Range of motion of the MTP 1 joint did not affect reachability. In one specimen (2.5%) the dorsomedial hallucal nerve was injured during arthroscopy.Conclusion:Access to the MTP1-joint for the treatment of osteochondral lesions is similar using distraction or plantarflexion during arthroscopy. The plantarflexion technique has the advantage of less surgical equipment needed. The dorsomedial hallucal nerve is at danger at the medial portal.

Dracula as Absolute Other: The Troubling and Distracting Specter of Stoker's Vampire on Screen. SimonBacon. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company, 2019.

Dracula as Absolute Other: The Troubling and Distracting Specter of Stoker's Vampire on Screen. SimonBacon. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company, 2019.

Pedagogical foundations to online lectures in health professions education.

Professional and tertiary health professions education (HPE) has been markedly challenged by the current novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Mandates for training organisations to reduce social contact during the global pandemic, and make learning available online, provide an opportunity for regional, rural and remote clinicians and students to more easily access learning and professional development opportunities. Online lectures, while posing an opportunity for regional, rural and remote HPE, entail potential risks. Educators who are familiar with face-to-face pedagogies may find a transition to remote, digital interaction unfamiliar, disarming, and therefore they may not design maximally engaging lectures. The strategies used in a face-to-face lecture cannot be directly transferred into the online environment. This article proposes strategies to ensure the ongoing effectiveness, efficiency and engagement of lectures transitioning from face-to-face to online delivery. Cognitive learning theory, strategies to promote learner engagement and minimise distraction, and examples of software affordances to support active learning during the lecture are proposed. This enables lecturers to navigate the challenges of lecturing in an online environment and plan fruitful online lectures during this disruptive time. These suggestions will therefore enable HPE to better meet the existing and future needs of regional, rural and remote learners who may not be able to easily access face-to-face learning upon the relaxation of social distancing measures. Strategies to provide equitable HPE to learners who cannot access plentiful, fast internet are also discussed.

The Suspension of Distraction

The Suspension of Distraction

Application of self-anchored lateral lumbar interbody fusion in lumbar degenerative diseases

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of self-anchored lateral lumbar interbody fusion (SA-LLIF) for lumbar degenerative diseases. Methods During January to December in 2019, a total of 41 patients with lumbar degenerative disease were treated with SA-LLIF, included 18 males and 23 females, aged 59.6±11.3 (range 49-77) years. There were lumbar stenosis and instability in 17 cases, disc degenerative disease in 8 cases, degenerative spondylolisthesis in 8 cases, degenerative scoliosis in 5 cases, postoperative revision in 3 cases. And osteoporosis was diagnosed in 5 of them. The index level included L2, 3 in 2 cases, L3, 4 in 11 cases, L4, 5 in 20 cases, L2-L4 in 3 cases and L3-L5 in 5 cases. After general anesthesia, the patient was placed in decubitus position. The anterior edge of psoas major muscle was exposed through 6 cm incision and extraperitoneal approach. Further, the psoas major muscle was properly retracted to expose the disc. After discectomy, the intervertebral space was prepared and moderately distracted. A suitable fusion cage filled with auto iliac graft was implanted. Two anchoring plates were inserted into the cage. Then, the caudal and cephalic vertebral body and the fusion cage were locked. Results The operation was performed successfully in all the patients. The operation duration was 79.0±19.5 (range 60-100) min. Intraoperative bleed loss was 38.0±28.2 (range 15-70) ml. The patients were followed up for averagely 10.6±4.6 (range 4-15) months. The visual analogue scale decreased from preoperative 6.2±2.1 to 1.6±1.1 and Oswestry disability index decreased from 47.8%±15.1% to 11.0%±7.3%. X-ray showed that the spine alignment recovered satisfactorily. No cage displacement was found. Sinking (2-3 mm) of cage was found in 7 patients without obvious symptom despite transient lumbar pain in an obesity woman. The lumbar lordosis recovered from 36.4°±10.2° to 48.0°±10.7°, and intervertebral height recovered from 8.3±2.5 mm to 11.3±3.3 mm. The rate of spondylolisthesis recovered from 19.7%±4.4% to 9.3%±5.3%. Conclusion SA-LLIF can provide immediate stability and good results for lumbar degenerative diseases with stand-alone anchoring cage without posterior internal fixation. Key words: Lumbar vertebrae; Intervertebral disc degeneration; Spinal fusion; Surgical procedures, minimally invasive

Preventing Silent Distractions.

Preventing Silent Distractions.

Application of detail nursing in the treatment of Crouzon syndrome in children with maxillary distraction osteogenesis

Objective To investigate the effect of detail nursing in the treatment of Crouzon syndrome in children with maxillary distraction osteogenesis. Methods A total of 6 cases of Crouzon syndrome were randomly divided into study group and control group, with 3 cases each.Maxillary distraction osteogenesis was used in the control group, and detail nursing was used in the study group.The intervention effect, complications, average length of stay and satisfaction, self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), self-rating depression scale(SDS)and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results The improvement of facial profile, protruding eye degree and sleep snoring in the study group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05). The mean length of hospitalization and complications in the study group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05). The satisfaction of the study group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The SDS and SAS scores of the children and their families in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The quality of life of the study group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions Clinical application of maxillary distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of Crouzon syndrome in children can significantly reduce the occurrence of complications in the treatment, shorten the length of hospital stay, and improve the psychological state of the children and their families. Key words: Detail care; Maxillary distraction osteogenesis; Crouzon syndrome

The long-term results of growth friendly non-fusion technique in the treatment of early-onset scoliosis

Objective To evaluate long-term results of growth friendly non-fusion technique (GF) in the treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS). Methods From August 2008 to October 2019, a total of 26 EOS patients (mean age 7.2±2.4 years old) who had completed surgery with GF treatment, including 12 males and 14 females, were reviewed retrospectively. Among them, 16 patients underwent growing rod treatment while 10 patients underwent vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) treatment. All patients had minimum 2 lengthening procedure during distraction period and over 2-year follow-up after graduation. Radiographic data were collected before and after index surgery as well as at graduation and the latest follow-up. Complications were also recorded during distraction period and after graduation. Results A total of 145 lengthening procedures were performed in 26 patients, averagely 5.6 procedures per patient. The mean age at graduation was 12.6±1.6 years old. The average follow-up was 4.7±1.4 years duringdistraction period, and 2.9±0.9 years after graduation.The main Cobb angle was significantly decreased from 81.2°±17.3° to 41.1°±13.1°(t=8.124, P<0.001)after the index surgery, but slightly increased to 48.8°±15.4° at the end of distraction. After definitive spinal fusion, the main Cobb angle was notably decreased from 52.8°±16.1° to 45.4°±14.8° in 16 patients(t=2.415, P=0.035), with an average correction rate of 14.1%±9.4%. At the latest follow-up, the main Cobb angle was 45.2°±15.6° and the average correction rate was 44.3%±15.5% when comparing with the value before the index surgery. The thoracic and spinal height were significantly increased after initial surgery. During distraction period, the average gain of thoracic and spinal height was 3.3±0.9 cm and 5.6±1.9 cm, with the growth rate of 0.6±0.3 cm and 1.0±0.4 cm per distraction, respectively. A total of 36complications were recorded in 14 patients. There were 27 complications occurred during distraction period and 9 after graduation. Conclusion Surgical management of EOS with growing rod and VEPTR could effectively correct the spinal deformity and maintain spinal growth. The complication rate after graduation was relative lower than distraction period. However, the correction of definitive spinal fusion during graduation was relative lower. Key words: Child; Scoliosis; Orthopedic fixation devices; Follow-up studies; Spinal fusion

The basic principle and clinical outcomes of epiphysis preservation limb salvage in the treatment of limb osteosarcoma in children and adolescents

Epiphyseal preservation limb salvage is a method for the treatment of limb osteosarcoma in children and adolescents. The purpose is to avoid the unequal length of bilateral limbs and improve the affected limb function without increasing the occurrence of life-threatening complications. Strictly following the indications is the key to ensure the success of the operation.Before operation, epiphyseal distraction or imaging method is used to determine the position of osteotomy in operation, which has reached the safe boundary of tumor resection. Many ways were used to repair the tumor bone defect. A lot of studies confirmed that all kinds of surgical methods have achieved satisfied clinical outcomes, but there are different surgical complications. Only when the epiphyseal plate and epiphysis are kept at the same time can the length of the limb be ensured to be equal; the result of intra-epiphyseal osteotomy is that the block of bone growth leads to the unequal length of the limb. The biological reconstruction of bone defect can restore the length of limbs by bone lengthening after bone growth stops. Key words: Osteosarcoma; Extremities; Surgical procedures, operative; Treatment outcomes

Infected regenerate in ilizarov surgery

Background: The regenerate is the newborn of the distraction process, and it passes by many changes during its growth and maturation. Many complications can take place at the regenerate site. The aim of this study is to highlight infection as a possible complication that may affect the regenerate during bone lengthening. Patients and Methods: In this study, we present three cases who were complicated by infection of the regenerate. The diagnosis and management were described in details. Results: The predisposing factors for this complication may be patient-related or technically related factors. The isolated organisms were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Infection was controlled in all cases. The desired length was achieved in two cases, and one case was left with residual shortening of 2 cm. Conclusion: Infection of the regenerate is a rare but serious complication. A high index of suspicion is required for its diagnosis, and few options are available for its management.

A CASE STUDY AND THE NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINING SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' READING SKILLS

This study aims to determine the secondary school students' conditions and needs about reading and reading comprehension skills. According to this aim, the research process was structured as a case study that identifies reading and reading comprehension problems. Therefore, the research process was prepared according to the holistic-single case design of the case study. The research question is focused on: What are the secondary school students' needs regarding the problems they face in reading and reading comprehension processes? In this context, qualitative and quantitative data were collected through questionnaires, observation forms and semi-structured interviews to determine the students’ needs and to make analyzes via these data. Quantitative data were collected from 307 secondary school students. Then, qualitative data were obtained from the participants who were identified as homogeneous sampling in this group. The data collected during eight weeks were analyzed by the quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods. According to the results of the analysis, it was found out that the students were affected by the factors that affect reading comprehension, physical factors that affect reading, reading difficulties and reading and reading comprehension problems. According to these findings, it was determined that the students have commonly the reading problems such as not caring about reading comprehension, lack of expectation against reading, get bored from the reading process, tiredness from reading, distraction, skipping reading, making habit of reading problems, not knowing punctuation, mixing letters. Based on these problems, students' needs for reading and reading comprehension were determined. To meet students' needs, suggestions were given on how reading and reading comprehension education to be designed. Article visualizations:

Політико-психологічні маніпуляції у передвиборчій кампанії президента України 2019 року

Стаття присвячена темі, що завжди актуальна для демократичних сус­пільств, — маніпуляцій у передвиборчих кампаніях. Оскільки медіаграмотність як освітня дисципліна не впроваджена в широкий загал в українському суспільстві — це призводить до того, що громадськістю маніпулюють, спотворюючи реальність. Саме використання різних технік, «брудних» технологій, тактик та стратегій маніпуляцій утруднює існування демократії.На основі медіадослідження (використання електронних джерел, соціальних мереж та відеохостингів) автор аналізує те, які маніпуляційні стратегії (за типологією Н. Хомського) були використані кандидатами у передвиборчій кампанії Президента України 2019 року, а також вплив технік і технологій, що були використані в рамках маніпулятивних стратегій.Було досліджено здійснення вербального і невербального впливу на електорат: лінгвістично, психологічно, нейролінгвістично; були проаналізовані міміка, жести кандидатів; зауважено як посил до емоційно-підсвідомої складової суспільства може стати вирішальним у передвиборчій гонці, яким чином «відволікання від важливого» може сприяти кандидату сформувати свій імідж. Також розглянуто архетипи, які використовувалися в передвиборчій кампанії, їх суть і значення для суспільства, «навішування ярликів»; поступовість рішень, що зробили кандидата популярним серед громадськості; тренди, котрі були створені іміджмейкерами кандидатів задля підвищення рейтингу та підтримки. З’ясовано як можна використати «провину» на свою користь; відстежено маніпуляції соціологічними дослідженнями; розмову з народом, як з дитиною і гру в «простонародність». Автором досліджено як гіперболізація фактів без порівняння може викликати серйозне обурення суспільства та зруйнувати імідж опонента. Був проведений ґрунтовний аналіз впливу на маси, який застосовувався за допомогою маніпулятивних технологій і стратегій.Об’єктом дослідження було обрано передвиборчі кампанії трьох кандидатів: В. Зе­ленського, П. Порошенка, Ю. Тимошенко.