Distinct Components Research Articles

Environmental preferences in architecture based on personality types

Purpose Individuals show different environmental preferences, often influenced by their personality types. However, instances arise where the alignment of an individual’s personality and the architectural environment disappears, resulting in a mismatch. Consequently, the purpose of this study considers the urgent need to acknowledge and understand the complex interplay between architecture and individual personality traits. Design/methodology/approach The research method is based on the correlation between the variables, which is calculated by the significant assessment of the sample population and with SmartPLS. Finally, the findings and results of the research in relation to personality components and architectural aspects indicate the existence of a relationship. In the end, this study establishes correlations among variables and conclusions are drawn through systematic logical deductions. Findings The research findings underscore a compelling relationship between distinct personality components and various architectural facets. Furthermore, psychological cohesiveness within distinct social cohorts emerges as a pivotal factor influencing the relationship between individuals and architecture. In this regard, the main aspects of environmental preferences (surprise, cryptic, etc.) and personality types (neuroticism, extroversion, etc.) based on their significance and the factors affecting it in sub-components, create direct or indirect relationships. Additionally, the determination of the relationships created in each of these components is specified based on Image 12, and the path of creating architectural patterns can be considered according to that. Originality/value The results of the research show that the correlation between personality and physical components in different social groups is an effective issue in the relationship between human and the environment. It can also be considered as a factor for improving the quality of architectural design and creating a favorable cultural atmosphere in the environment. This issue has caused a connection between architecture and human personality, which creates the ground for improving the relationship between them. Also, architecture is placed by adapting to the personality and psychological needs of people and has an effective role in the quality of their relationships in organizing and expanding the environment.

The Truncated Circumgalactic Medium of the Large Magellanic Cloud* ∗ Based on archival observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the Data Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Archival funding was associated with program 17053.

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is the nearest massive galaxy to the Milky Way (MW). Its circumgalactic medium (CGM) is complex and multiphase, containing both stripped H i structures like the Magellanic Stream and Bridge and a diffuse warm corona seen in high-ion absorption. We analyze 28 active galactic nucleus sight lines passing within 35 kpc of the LMC with archival Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectra to characterize the cool (T ≈ 104 K) gas in the LMC CGM, via new measurements of UV absorption in six low ions (O i, Fe ii, Si ii, Al ii, S ii, and Ni ii) and one intermediate ion (Si iii). We show that a declining column-density profile is present in all seven ions, with the low-ion profiles having a steeper slope than the high-ion profiles in C iv and Si iv reported by D. Krishnarao et al. Crucially, absorption at the LMC systemic velocity is only detected (in all ions) out to 17 kpc. Beyond this distance, the gas has a lower velocity and is associated with the Magellanic Stream. These results demonstrate that the LMC’s CGM is composed of two distinct components: a compact inner halo extending to 17 kpc and a more extended stripped region associated with the Stream. The compactness and truncation of the LMC’s inner CGM agree with recent simulations of ram-pressure stripping of the LMC by the MW’s extended corona.

Mechanism of Irrigation Before Low-Temperature Exposure on Mitigating the Reduction in Yield Loss and Spikelet Abortion at the Jointing Stage of Wheat

The increasing frequency of low-temperature events in spring, driven by climate change, poses a serious threat to wheat production in Northern China. Understanding how low-temperature stress affects wheat yield and its components under varying moisture conditions, and exploring the role of irrigation before exposure to low temperatures, is crucial for food security and mitigating agricultural losses. In this study, four wheat cultivars—semi-spring (YZ4110, LK198) and semi-winter (ZM366, FDC21)—were tested across two years under different conditions of soil moisture (irrigation before low-temperature exposure (IBLT) and non-irrigation (NI)) and low temperatures (−2 °C, −4 °C, −6 °C, −8 °C, and −10 °C). The IBLT treatment effectively reduced leaf wilt, stem breakage, and spikelet desiccation. Low-temperature stress adversely impacted the yield per plant—including both original and regenerated yields—and yield components across all wheat varieties. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between regenerated and original yields. Semi-spring varieties showed greater yield reduction than semi-winter varieties, with a more pronounced impact under NI compared to IBLT. This suggests that the compensatory regenerative yield is more significant in semi-spring varieties and under NI conditions. As low-temperature stress intensified, the primary determinant of yield loss shifted from grain number per spike (GNPS) to spike number per plant (SNPP) beyond a specific temperature threshold. Under NI, this threshold was −6 °C, while it was −8 °C under IBLT. Low-temperature stress led to variability in fruiting rate across different spike positions, with semi-spring varieties and NI conditions showing the most substantial reductions. Sensitivity to low temperatures varied across spikelet positions: Apical spikelets were the most sensitive, followed by basal, while central spikelets showed the largest reduction in grain number as stress levels increased, significantly contributing to reduced overall grain yield. Irrigation, variety, and low temperature had variable impacts on physiological indices in wheat. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that irrigation significantly enhanced wheat’s response to cold tolerance indicators—such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), proline (Pro), and peroxidase (POD)—while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Irrigation also improved photosynthesis (Pn), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and leaf water content (LWC), thereby mitigating the adverse effects of low-temperature stress and supporting grain development in the central spike positions. In summary, IBLT effectively mitigates yield losses due to low-temperature freeze injuries, with distinct yield component contributions under varying stress conditions. Furthermore, this study clarifies the spatial distribution of grain responses across different spike positions under low temperatures, providing insights into the physiological mechanisms by which irrigation mitigates grain loss. These findings provide a theoretical and scientific basis for effective agricultural practices to counter spring freeze damage and predict wheat yield under low-temperature stress.

Effect of Cow Bone Addition on the Humification, Heavy Metals Passivation and Fate of Resistance Genes During Swine Manure Composting

Bone meal has been used as economic and effective additive for heavy metals (HMs) pollution remediation due to the distinct components and structures that enable their favorable properties, such as its low cost, high adsorption capacity, acid-base adjustability, and ion-exchange capability. However, no attempt has been made to establish whether cow bone could promote the passivation of HMs and the removal of metal resistance genes (MRGs) and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) during the composting process. Two sizes of cow bone (meal (T2) and granule (T3)) were added to investigate their effects on humification, HMs passivation and the abundance of ARGs and MRGs during swine manure composting. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM)-parallel factor analysis showed that the percentage of maximum fluorescence intensity of humic-like substances were higher in T2 (91.82%) than in T3 (88.46%), implying that T2 could promote the humification process compared to T3. In comparison with control (T1), the addition of T2 and T3 could promote the change of exchangeable Cu and reducible Cu into oxidizable Cu, thus reducing the mobility factors (MF) of Cu in T2 and T3 treatments by 10.48% and 6.98%, respectively. In addition, T2 and T3 could increase exchangeable Zn into reducible Zn and oxidizable Zn, thereby reducing the MF of Zn in T2 and T3 treatments by 18.80% and 2.0%, respectively. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that the total abundances of MRGs were decreased by 100% in T2 and T3 treatments, and T2 decreased the total relative abundance of ARGs. Furthermore, the relative abundance of ARGs and MRGs had significantly correlated with intI1 and bio-available of Cu and Zn, which was triggered by selective pressure of HMs and horizontal gene transfer. The present study suggested that cow bone meal as additives can be a feasible approach to promote the passivation of HMs and enhance the removal of MGRs and ARGs by decreasing horizontal gene transfer and selective pressure by bioavailable HMs.

EXPLORING BEE VENOM VOLATILES: A PROMISING AVENUE FOR CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Bee venom, a complex mixture of bioactive compounds, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. Notably, the volatiles released by bee venom components have garnered attention for their potential in respiratory-related disease conditions. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a challenging disorder, characterized by a genetic mutation affecting the CFTR protein, leading to the production of thick and sticky mucus in various organs, particularly the lungs and digestive system, and necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. This research explored both bee venom volatiles’ chemical composition and the effects on airway inflammation and mucus viscosity in CF patients by in silico methods. GC/MS analyses with various SPME fibers have conducted the identification of 67 distinct components in volatile compounds of bee venom. For CW/DVB, CAR-PDMS, and DVB-PDMS fibers, the compounds identified in the highest amounts were perilla alcohol (42.21%), tetradecane (11.48%), and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester (39.98%), respectively. In silico analyses subsequently indicated that these components exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by modulating key cytokines and reducing inflammatory markers in CF airways. This research highlights the potential of bee venom volatiles as a novel therapeutic avenue for managing CF symptoms. Harnessing the unique properties of bee venom may offer new perspectives in the development of targeted therapies for individuals affected by cystic fibrosis.

Comparative Analysis of PGRP Family in Polymorphic Worker Castes of Solenopsis invicta.

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that activate the innate immune system in response to microbial infection by detection of peptidoglycan, a distinct component of bacterial cell walls. Bioinformatic studies have revealed four PGRPs in the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta; nonetheless, the mechanism of the immune response of S. invicta induced by pathogens is still poorly understood. The peptidoglycan recognition protein full-length cDNA (designated as SiPGRP-S1/S2/S3/L) from S. invicta was used in this investigation. According to the sequencing analysis, there was a significant degree of homology between the anticipated amino acid sequence of SiPGRPs and other members of the PGRPs superfamily. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that SiPGRPs show strong binding affinity for a variety of PGN substrates. Additionally, tissue distribution analysis indicated that SiPGRPs are primarily expressed in several tissues of naïve larvae, including fat body, hemocytes, head, and thorax, as detected by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Microbial challenges resulted in variable changes in mRNA levels across different tissues. Furthermore, the antibacterial effects of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by major ants infected with Metarhizium anisopliae were assessed. These AMPs demonstrated inhibitory effects against M. anisopliae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, with the most pronounced effect observed against E. coli. In conclusion, SiPGRPs act as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that identify pathogens and initiate the expression of AMPs in S. invicta, this mechanism contributes to the development of biopesticides designed for the targeted control of invasive agricultural pests.

Machine-Learning Approach to Identify Potential Dengue Virus Protease Inhibitors: A Computational Perspective.

The global prevalence of dengue virus (DENV), a widespread flavivirus, has led to varied epidemiological impacts, economic burdens, and health consequences. The alarming increase in infections is exacerbated by the absence of approved antiviral agents against the DENV. Within flaviviruses, the NS3/NS2B serine protease plays a pivotal role in processing the viral polyprotein into distinct components, making it an attractive target for antiviral drug development. In this study, machine-learning (ML) techniques were employed to build predictive models for the screening of a library containing 32,000 protease inhibitors. Utilizing GNINA for structure-based virtual screening, the top potential candidates underwent a subsequent evaluation of their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties. Selected compounds were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations via MM/GBSA. The results suggest that comp530 possesses binding potential to DENV protease as a noncovalent inhibitor with multiple positions for chemical substitutions, presenting opportunities for optimizing their selectivity and specificity. However, other compounds predicted via ML models may still provide a promising start for covalent inhibitors.

Supporting diversity in clinical trials: the equitable breakthroughs in medicine site maturity model

BackgroundAmong the most powerful barriers to broader inclusion of diverse participants in clinical trials are social determinants of health, trustworthiness of health care providers and research institutions, and competing pressures on potential participants. Nevertheless, current tools to assess organizational capabilities for clinical trial diversity focus primarily on trial infrastructure, rely solely on quantitative self-reported data, and lack meaningful assessment of capabilities related to community engagement.MethodsThe Equitable Breakthroughs in Medicine (EQBMED) initiative developed a holistic, collaborative, site-driven formative model and accompanying assessment to catalog sites’ current capabilities and identify opportunities for growth in both conducting industry-sponsored clinical trials and enriching diversity of those trials. The model builds upon prior work and reflects unification of two historically distinct components—research operations and community engagement—since sustainable clinical trial diversity efforts must overcome these silos. Here we present the methodology we used to develop the model and accompanying assessment, describe how findings can support clinical trial diversity efforts, and report findings from early field testing at three U.S. sites.ResultsThe first three sites were diverse in size (e.g., < 250–1 K beds), with varying levels of clinical trial capabilities and community engagement. The maturity assessment laid the foundation for sites to identify and prioritize key areas to advance clinical trial diversity capabilities, and each has made tangible progress. In parallel to completing the assessment with these early sites to understand their maturity and set actionable goals, we also collected their feedback on content validity (e.g., clarity, comprehensiveness, terminology) and feasibility (e.g., ability to collect needed information and data, time required). We describe refinements made to improve the assessment and streamline the process. The EQBMED program will deploy the assessment across various site types (e.g., FQHCs, safety net hospitals) and make further refinements as warranted.ConclusionsStrategic investment in clinical trial diversity requires structured assessment of site maturity as a starting point for collaborative action. We propose the EQBMED maturity model as a first step toward informing efforts to increase representation of diverse populations in clinical research.

Decision-Making Model for Life Cycle Management of Aircraft Components

This paper presents a novel decision-making framework for the life cycle management of aircraft components, integrating advanced data analytics, artificial intelligence, and predictive maintenance strategies. The proposed model addresses the challenges of balancing safety, reliability, and cost-effectiveness in aircraft maintenance. By using real-time health monitoring systems, failure probability models, and economic analysis, the framework enables more informed and dynamic maintenance strategies. The model incorporates a comprehensive approach that combines reliability assessment, economic analysis, and continuous re-evaluation to optimize maintenance, replacement, and life extension decisions. The optimization method on the base of genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to minimize total life cycle costs while maintaining component reliability within acceptable thresholds. The framework’s effectiveness is demonstrated through case studies on three distinct aircraft components: mechanical, avionics, and engine. These studies showcase the model’s versatility in handling different failure patterns and maintenance requirements. This study introduces a data-driven decision-making framework for optimizing the life cycle management of aircraft components, focusing on reliability, cost-effectiveness, and safety. To achieve optimal maintenance scheduling and resource allocation, a GA is employed, allowing for an effective exploration of complex solution spaces and enabling dynamic decision-making based on real-time data inputs. The GA-based optimization approach minimizes total life cycle costs while maintaining component reliability, with the framework’s effectiveness demonstrated through case studies on key aircraft components. Key findings from the case study demonstrate significant cost reductions through optimization, with mechanical components showing a 10% more reduction in total life cycle costs, avionics components achieving a 14% more cost reduction, and engine components demonstrating a 7% more decrease in total costs. The research also presents an optimized dynamic maintenance schedule that adapts to real-time component health data, extending component lifespans and reducing unexpected failures. The framework effectively addresses key industry challenges such as no fault found events while minimizing unexpected failures and enhancing the overall reliability and safety of aircraft maintenance practices. Sensitivity analysis further demonstrates the model’s robustness, showing stable performance under varying failure rates, maintenance costs, and degradation rates. The study contributes a scalable approach to predictive maintenance, balancing safety, cost, and resource allocation in dynamic operational environments.

EXPRESS: Distinct Components of Stroop Interference and Facilitation: The role of phonology and response modality.

Multi-stage accounts of Stroop effects suggest that Stroop effects result from different conflict and facilitation components. Consistent with these accounts, Augustinova et al. (2019) reported evidence for task, semantic and response components in Stroop effects. They also investigated how vocal and manual responses impacted the magnitude of each of the conflict and facilitation components. However, the role of phonological components in Stroop effects was not investigated in their study. The impact of phonology on Stroop effects has been observed in several studies (Besner & Stolz, 1998; Parris et al., 2019; Spinks et al., 2000). However, these studies did not investigate the role of different conflict/facilitation components in Stroop effects. To investigate the impact of phonological components as well as task, semantic, and response components on Stroop effects, a vocal and manual Stroop task was for the first time conducted with Chinese speakers using a design similar to that of Augustinova et al. (2019). The data revealed only in the vocal Stroop task phonological conflict and facilitation, whereas semantic and response conflicts were found with vocal and manual responses. Implications of the findings for response modality effects and the measures of facilitation/conflict components are discussed.

TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE IN THE TENGGER COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE OF ACCULTURATION THEORY

&lt;p&gt;This research aims to analyze the acculturation of traditional marriage practices within the Tengger community, specifically investigating whether there has been a shift in customary marriage procedures following the introduction of Hinduism. To address this research question, the researcher collected data on two key traditional marriage ceremonies: Walagara and Pewawihan. In Tengger custom, these ceremonies are essential for validating a marriage. Without them, the marriage is neither recognized nor legalized according to customary law. This raises a significant inquiry on whether Walagara and Pewawihan are purely traditional customs or have been acculturated with Hindu values. The findings indicate that while Walagara and Pewawihan remain part of Tengger's heritage, their implementation has changed. Specifically, the prayers recited during these ceremonies now incorporate Hindu elements. The researcher concludes that Walagara and Pewawihan consist of two distinct components: the ritual movements, which align with Tengger custom, and the prayers, which reflect Hindu influences.&lt;/p&gt;

Dynamic reliability measures of weighted k-out-of-n system with heterogeneous components and its application to solar power generating system

In the realm of dynamic reliability analysis, this research paper presents a novel mathematical model for the weighted k-out-of- n system with two heterogeneous components also said to be weighted ( k1, k2)-out-of- n repairable system. This innovative framework comprises two distinct component types, whose simultaneous functioning yields system operation if and only if the cumulative weight of the operational type 1 component is at least k1, and that of the type 2 component is at least, k2. Each component type has a number of distinct individual components with variable states that change over time, making the state probabilities of those components time-dependent. By employing an algorithm grounded in L z-transform, dynamic reliability measures comprising reliability, availability, mean expected performance, and expected profit are derived for the system taken into consideration. This study also introduces a pioneering connection between the L z-transform and queueing theory and extends its implications to various intricate engineering systems meeting the established criteria.

Anisotropic Ferroelectricity in Polar Vortices.

The exotic polarization configurations of topologically protected dipolar textures have opened new avenues for realizing novel phenomena absent in traditional ferroelectric systems. While multiple recent studies have revealed a diverse array of emergent properties in such polar topologies, the details of their atomic and mesoscale structures remain incomplete. Through atomic- and meso-scale imaging techniques, the emergence of a macroscopic ferroelectric polarization along both principal axes of the vortex lattice while performing phase-field modeling to probe the atomic scale origins of these distinct polarization components is demonstrated. Additionally, due to the anisotropic epitaxial strain, the polarization switching behavior perpendicular and parallel to the vortices is highly anisotropic, with switching along the vortex axes occurring over numerous decades in field-pulse width. This slow switching process allows for the deterministic control of the polarization state, enabling a non-volatile, multi-state memory with excellent distinguishability and long retentiontimes.

A fronto-insular network underlies individual variations in anger expression and control

Abstract Anger can be deconstructed into distinct components: a tendency to outwardly express it (anger-out) and the capability to manage it (anger control). These aspects exhibit individual differences that vary across a continuum. Notably, the capacity to express and control anger is of great importance to modulate our reactions in interpersonal situations. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that anger expression and control are negatively correlated and that both can be decoded by the same patterns of grey and white matter features of a fronto-temporal brain network. To this aim, a data fusion unsupervised machine learning technique, known as transposed Independent Vector Analysis (tIVA), was used to decompose the brain into covarying GM–WM networks and then backward regression was used to predict both anger expression and control from a sample of 212 healthy subjects. Confirming our hypothesis, results showed that anger control and anger expression are negatively correlated, the more individuals control anger, the less they externalize it. At the neural level, individual differences in anger expression and control can be predicted by the same GM–WM network. As expected, this network included lateral and medial frontal regions, the insula, temporal regions, and the precuneus. The higher the concentration of GM–WM in this brain network, the higher the level of externalization of anger, and the lower the anger control. These results expand previous findings regarding the neural bases of anger by showing that individual differences in anger control and expression can be predicted by morphometric features.

Improving Patient Care Through Collaborative Re-envisioning of the Model of Critical Care.

Advanced medical therapies enable people to live longer with multiple comorbidities, increasing the acuity and complexity of care required upon admission into the intensive care unit. This, coupled with the shift toward a less experienced nursing workforce as skilled nurses retire or leave the critical care environment, prompted the need to re-envision how critical care is delivered. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to embed the values of staff and patient partners in a re-envisioned critical care model, which aligns the provision of high-quality care with staff skill mix and patient needs. Through a series of clinical nurse specialist-led engagement sessions with patients, families, and the members of the healthcare team who work in this environment every day, we talked about what is important in critical care. We used their words and thoughts to inform and shape a new sustainable model of critical care. The 4 components identified as essential to achieving this vision include an acuity-complexity-based approach to care, a transition from separate high-acuity and intensive care areas to integrated units, development of a career pathway to advance practice, and exploration of opportunities to optimize the scope of the interprofessional team. Embedding the values and experience of the people directly connected with providing and/or experiencing critical care increases the likelihood of success in developing, implementing, and sustaining a new model of care. This multifaceted approach resulted in 4 distinct components with achievable outcomes that support this re-envisioned patient-centered sustainable model of critical care.

Double-peaked Narrow Emission-line Galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA

Narrow emission lines in a galaxy’s spectrum that show double peaks indicate the presence of distinct gas components with different velocities, and its physical origin remains uncertain. This study uses galaxies from the final MaNGA data release to detect double-peaked narrow emission-line spaxels (DPSs) by examining the double Gaussian profiles of the Hα-[N ii] doublets across all MaNGA spaxels. A total of 5420 DPSs associated with 304 double-peaked narrow emission-line galaxies (DPGs) are identified, with each DPG containing a minimum of five DPSs and being free from overlap with other galaxies. We find that DPSs can be categorized into three groups according to their central distance r/R e and the velocity difference Δv between their two components: the inner low-Δv, inner high-Δv, and outer DPSs. By incorporating the physical characteristics of the DPGs into their DPSs, we demonstrate for the first time the existence of statistical correlations between barred DPGs and inner low-Δv DPSs, AGN-hosting DPGs, and inner high-Δv DPSs, as well as tidal DPGs and outer DPSs.

Systematic Study of the Inner Structure of Molecular Tori in Nearby U/LIRGs Using Velocity Decomposition of CO Rovibrational Absorption Lines* *This research is based on data collected at the Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. We are honored by and grateful for the opportunity to observe the universe from Maunakea, which has cultural, historical,

Determining the inner structure of the molecular torus around an active galactic nucleus is essential for understanding its formation mechanism. However, spatially resolving the torus is difficult because of its small size. To probe the clump conditions in the torus, we therefore perform the systematic velocity-decomposition analyses of the gaseous 12CO rovibrational absorption lines (v = 0 → 1, ΔJ = ±1) at λ ∼ 4.67 μm observed toward four (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies using the high-resolution (R ∼ 5000–10,000) spectroscopy from the Subaru Telescope. We find that each transition has two to five distinct velocity components with different line-of-sight (LOS) velocities (V LOS ∼ −240 to +100 km s−1) and dispersions (σ V ∼ 15–190 km s−1), i.e., the components (a), (b), ⋯, beginning with the broadest one in each target, indicating that the tori have clumpy structures. By assuming a hydrostatic disk ( σV∝Rrot−0.5 ), we find that the tori has dynamic inner structures, with the innermost component (a) outflowing with velocity ∣V LOS∣ ∼ 160–240 km s−1, and the outer components (b) and (c) outflowing more slowly or infalling with ∣V LOS∣ ≲ 100 km s−1. In addition, we find that the innermost component (a) can be attributed to collisionally excited hot (≳530 K) and dense ( log(nH2/cm−3)≳6 ) clumps, based on the level populations. Conversely, the outer component (b) can be attributed to cold (∼30–140 K) clumps radiatively excited by a far-infrared-to-submillimeter background with a brightness temperature higher than ∼20–400 K. These observational results demonstrate the clumpy and dynamic structure of tori in the presence of background radiation.

Static and Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity inParkinson's Disease Patients With Postural Instability andGait Disorder.

The exact cause of the parkinsonism gait remains uncertain. We first focus on understanding the underlying neurological reasons for these symptoms through the examination of both static functional network connectivity (SFNC) and dynamic functional network connectivity (DFNC). We recruited 64 postural instability and gait disorder-dominated Parkinson's disease (PIGD-PD) patients, 31 non-PIGD-PD (nPIGD-PD) patients, and 54 healthy controls (HC) from Nanjing Brain Hospital. The GIFT software identified five distinct independent components: the basal ganglia (BG), cerebellum (CB), sensory networks (SMN), default mode network (DMN), and central executive network (CEN). We conducted a comparison between the SFNC and DFNC of the five networks and analyzed their correlations with postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD) symptoms. Compared with nPIGD-PD patients, the PIGD-PD patients demonstrated reduced connectivity between CEN and DMN while spending less mean dwell time (MDT) in state 4. This is characterized by strong connections. Compared with HC, PIGD-PD patients exhibited enhanced connectivity in the SFNC between CB and CEN, as well as the network between CB and DMN. Patients with PIGD-PD spent more MDT in state 1, which is characterized by few connections, and less MDT in state 4. In state 3, there was an increase in the functional connectivity between the CB and DMN in patients with PIGD-PD. The nPIGD patients showed increased SFNC connectivity between CB and DMN compared to HC. These patients spent more MDT in state 1 and less in state 4. The MDT and fractional windows of state 2 showed a positive link with PIGD scores. Patients with PIGD-PD exhibit a higher likelihood of experiencing reduced brain connectivity and impaired information processing. The enhanced connection between the cerebellum and DMN networks is considered a type of dynamic compensation.

Change Patterns of Major Functional Components in the Loquat Summer Shoot Leaf during Annual Growth

Loquat leaves are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and food processing as raw materials. To provide a theoretical basis for suitable harvesting periods based on the utilization of distinct components, the change patterns of major functional components in the annual growth of loquat leaves were investigated. In this study, the summer loquat leaves were sampled regularly during their annual growth, and the contents of seven main functional components and 13 monomer components were determined. The results showed that there was a regular change pattern for major functional components during loquat annual growth from Jul 2020 to Jun 2021; however, the change trend was different among different components. Among them, the contents of total flavonoids, total phenols, total triterpenoid acids, vitamin C, asiatic acid, quillaic acid, corosolic acid, and chlorogenic acid presented an overall upward trend. The content of maslinic acid showed a downward trend, whereas the content of neochlorogenic acid did not change much throughout the whole growth period. The content changes in the loquat leaves were affected by the light durations and temperature changes in different seasons, with mutual transit during the flowering and fruit growth processes. Sampling in May to June was found to be a most optimized option when applied in Chinese medicine processing; however, the degree of fibrosis is another indicator when it is used as food raw material. This study revealed the change pattern of major functional components of loquat leaves during the annual growth period and provides a theoretical basis for the reasonable harvesting period of loquat leaves as raw materials for processing different types of products.

McDonald Islands Phonolitic Lavas: Evidence for Zonation of the Kerguelen Plume

AbstractThe McDonald Islands, together with Heard Island and the Kerguelen Archipelago, are volcanic islands on the mostly submerged Kerguelen Plateau, and the products of the long‐lived Kerguelen mantle plume (at least 130 Myr; Coffin et al., 2002, https://doi.org/10.25919/jw5f‐ad35). The first multibeam bathymetry data acquired around the Heard and McDonald islands reveal &gt; 70 sea knolls surrounding the McDonald Islands and three sea knolls north of Heard Island. Rocks dredged from McDonald Islands sea knolls include fresh vesicular phonolitic lavas, phonolitic obsidian, phonolitic pillow fragments, and one basanite. These are the first phonolites sampled from the seafloor on the Kerguelen Plateau. Dredging of one sea knoll north of Heard Island recovered basaltic lavas. Lavas from the sea knolls are young, returning 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 73.7 ± 15.1 ka to 7.0 ± 2.7 ka for McDonald Islands sea knoll phonolites and 9.0 ± 1.3 ka for the Heard Island sea knoll. We define a new magma series, the McDonald Series, characterized by low εHf (−3.9 to −4.4) and lower Δ207Pb/204Pb (4.5–4.8) and Δ208Pb/204Pb (79–85) than all other lavas on the Kerguelen Plateau. This newly defined series is the product of a relatively young (Pleistocene‐Holocene) phase of volcanism produced by a distinct component of the Kerguelen mantle plume. We propose that McDonald Series phonolites together with 53.4 Ma lavas previously dredged from Ninetyeast Ridge provide evidence for zonation of the Kerguelen mantle plume.