Distinct Types Of Resources Research Articles

Scheduling jobs to minimize a convex function of resource usage

Given a finite set of jobs and a common resource. Each job has the same processing time p, alongside an individual release date and deadline, and utilizes either zero or one unit from the resource. A schedule specifies a star time for each job, and it determines the resource usage over time. The objective is to minimize a separable convex function of the resource usage. Prior to our work, the existing body of research only tackled the scenario where p=1. We explore three variations of this fundamental problem, accompanied by applications drawn from existing literature. In the first variant, all jobs require one unit of the resource each. In the second and third variants, there are m parallel machines, and at most m jobs may be processed concurrently at any given moment. Furthermore, in the second variant, each job has a unit processing time, and may require either 0 or 1 unit of the resource. In the third case, there are ν distinct resource types each linked with a convex function, and each job requires precisely one of these resources types. The jobs have a uniform processing time p and possess agreeable release dates and deadlines. For each of these cases, we introduce novel polynomial-time algorithms designed to determine optimal solutions.

Types of Consumer Operant Resources and Co-creation in Dialogical Service Relationships

This study investigates different types of operant resources and their effects on cocreation by considering the moderation effects of cocreation potential and the provider’s positive attitude. The contextual nature of operant resources is discussed based on how consumers activate resources in different service situations. The first study explores whether context-specific resources contribute to cocreation more than general resources. This hypothesis is found to be valid only for certain service contexts. In-depth interviews are conducted in the second study to understand the phenomenon more deeply. The qualitative study reveals three distinct types of resources: general, context-specific, and interpersonal resources. In the third study, a scenario-based experimental study is conducted to test the hypotheses, which are confirmed. We conclude that context-specific resources more directly shape cocreation, moderated by perceived level of cocreation potential. The relationship between potential and resources is then moderated by the provider’s positive attitude.

Healthy, wealthy, wise, and social: Defining and testing a comprehensive model of resources

Research cutting across a wide swath of the psychological and behavioral sciences has, following an abundance of evidence, reached the unassailable conclusion that resources are good. While we do not dispute this, we do additionally argue that the value of resources may not be inherently uniform. That is, the value of a resource may depend in part on the nature of the resource as well as the nature of the person accumulating and expending that resource. To that end, we explicate six distinct types of resources (cognitive capital, material capital, social relational capital, social transactional capital, somatic direct capital, and somatic indirect capital) and test across two studies the hypothesized moderative effects of sex and resource type on determinations of resource value, including as related to mate value and perceived stress. Results support the hypothesis that resource value is moderated by sex and resource type, and that the previously established relationships between resource accumulation, mate value, and stress are similarly moderated. Additionally, we find that being “overly wealthy” in some forms of capital may actually prove to be less than valuable. We interpret these results as confirming the hypothesis that resources are not monolithic nor are they uniformly valuable.

The influence of multiple industries on the behaviour of breeding gulls from four colonies across the eastern Gulf of Maine, Canada

Opportunist gulls use anthropogenic food subsidies, which can bolster populations, but negatively influence sensitive local ecosystems and areas of human settlement. In the eastern Gulf of Maine, Canada, breeding herring gulls Larus argentatus have access to resources from aquaculture, fisheries and mink farms, but the relative influence of industry on local gull populations is unknown. Our objectives were to 1) assess use of natural and anthropogenic habitats by herring gulls from multiple colonies, 2) evaluate variation among colonies in use of distinct resource types within these habitats and 3) highlight areas of high gull:industry interaction. Using GPS devices on 39 gulls from four colonies, we identified visitation behaviour (slow, localized movements) and assigned visits to nine resource types. To evaluate the spatial distribution of visits, we created a use intensity index, reflecting both fidelity (i.e. repeated visits) and time spent in specific areas. All four anthropogenic resource types were heavily used (56 ± 11% of visiting time across colonies), notably, fish plants and mink farms. Despite large distances among three colonies, birds overlapped at particular distant, inland mink farms. In contrast, birds from close colonies overlapped in visitation to specific nearby resources (e.g. fish plants and human settlement), and otherwise diverged in distribution and use of offshore and coastal areas. Birds from three colonies also made frequent, long visits to uninhabited islands. Industry is clearly influencing the behaviour of breeding gulls in the eastern Gulf of Maine, Canada, where birds are travelling great distances or spending large proportions of time interacting with anthropogenic resources, while otherwise paying lengthy visits to nearby coastal islands. Studies have shown that concentrations of gulls can have harmful direct and indirect ecological and societal impacts. Our findings have implications for the management and regulation of industry to mitigate detrimental effects on local ecosystems and humans.

The sponsorship performance cycle: longitudinal evidence of sponsors’ contribution to Formula One team achievement

PurposeA sponsorship performance cycle of business-to-business (B2B) exchange is conceptualized, where distinct types of resources are invested by sponsoring firms into sponsored properties and the competitive success of those properties enhances returns to sponsors. While the latter return channel in this cycle is well-documented, the former investment channel has remained opaque. Recognizing this empirical missing link, this paper aims to illuminate the investment channel through a longitudinal analysis.Design/methodology/approachBased on 50 years of Formula One (F1) team and sponsor alliances, this study models the effects of three different sponsorship categories on team performance in the annual F1 constructors’ championship.FindingsThe results demonstrate that each incremental sponsor offering performance-based resources is associated with four additional team points in the championship, controlling for factors such as past success and team experience. Conversely, sponsors offering access to financial or operational resources have no competitive impact. This performance-based sponsor effect is illustrated in models of the current and following seasons.Research limitations/implicationsIn combination with related literature, this study substantiates a complete sponsorship performance cycle in the motorsports context.Practical implicationsThe findings contribute an empirically-based strategy for sustainable sponsorship support that emphasizes acquisition of performance resources in the business-to-business exchange over operational or strictly financial alternatives.Originality/valueWhile scholars have discerned that sponsors invest heterogeneous resources into sponsored properties, and the competitive success of those properties can enhance returns to sponsors, this study demonstrates that particular resources invested by sponsors are related to the property’s competitive success.

Online Resources in Plastic Surgery Education: A Toolbox for Modern Trainees and Plastic Surgeons.

Summary:Plastic surgery is a rapidly evolving field that requires novel approaches in providing continuous and dynamic educational resources to address the increasing time and skill demands from residents. Online resources in their various forms, such as books, journals, simulators, and applications, are increasingly used by residents, notably over traditional print and in-person counterparts. In this digital era, it is imperative to understand the scope and utility of online resources that have the potential to revolutionize plastic surgery education. In this review article, we first discuss the current model of plastic surgery education and the challenges of meeting its goals and then suggest reasons by which online resources close this gap. We also offer an exposition on the benefits of distinct types of resources and current trends regarding their use. Our goal is to create a framework within which learners and educators are able to organize online resources in plastic surgery.

From Scarcity to Investment: The Range of Strategies Used by Low-Income Parents With “Good” Low-Wage Jobs

Low-wage workers have borne the brunt of the changing labor market, including wage stagnation, growing income inequality, and increasingly unstable work environments. Most research on low-wage workers focuses on precarious minimum wage employment; however, some low-wage workers hold jobs earning more than minimum wage with consistent, full-time hours. This study explores strategies parents in these “good” low-wage jobs use to provide for their children, using data from in-depth interviews with hospital workers. We find workers use multiple strategies, which we categorized as scarcity, maintenance, and investment strategies to highlight the distinct types of resources and varying amount of stress associated with them. Finally, we compare the types and number of strategies parents use by hourly wage versus net household income.

ACROSS: A generic framework for attribute-based access control with distributed policies for virtual organizations

Research interests about access control mechanisms for distributed resources have recently increased. In this scenario, users from different institutions access distributed resources, maintained by different organizations, in order to participate in a common research project, network, or testbed. Several challenges arise from these virtual organizations in order to give different types of access privileges to distinct types of resources, depending on the user profile and considering local and global access policies from partners. This work presents a generic and extensible authentication and authorization framework, named ACROSS, based on policies and attributes for virtual organizations. Our proposal creates a granular and scalable access control, which supports different authentication technologies and is independent of the kind of resource federation. In addition, ACROSS introduces a new concept of attribute generalization for access control, providing a transparent management based on access level computed from user attribute values and weights. Other works with similar goals have limitations restricting their integration with any kind of identity and resource federations. Also, these works present restrictions concerning environment and resource types. Hence, they are specific for usage in grid computing, testbed experimentation, or other distributed-resource environment. Differently from other proposals, ACROSS is a framework for supporting the development of new virtual organizations using any kind of resource sharing. ACROSS provides all A&A functionalities so that creating the virtual organization is no longer a challenge for new applications. We validate ACROSS using it on two scenarios: a real testbed and a testing environment composed of resources simulating a distributed open lab. The results show the feasibility to apply the proposal to different scenarios.

Dynamic allocation of stochastically-arriving flexible resources to random streams of objects with application to kidney cross-transplantation

Two distinct random streams of discrete objects flow into a system and queue in two separate lines. Concurrently, two distinct types of resources arrive stochastically over time. Upon arrival, each resource unit is matched with a waiting object. One resource type is ʻflexible’ and can be allocated to either one of the object types. However, units of the other, non-flexible, resource type can be allocated only to units of one specific object type. The allocation probabilities are not fixed and may depend on both queue sizes of the two objects. If a resource unit is not allocated immediately, it is lost. The goal is to find an optimal state-dependent probabilistic dynamic allocation policy. We formulate the system as a two-dimensional Markov process, analyze its probabilistic behavior, and derive its performance measures. We then apply the model to the problem of kidney cross-transplantation and propose a new measure of system effectiveness, called Expected Value of Transplantation (EVT), based on the histocompatibility between kidneys and candidates. We further show that it is possible to balance the objectives of achieving equity in candidates’ expected waiting times (EW) and maximizing EVT by equating the value of EW/EVT between the two groups.

Supporting Teachers’ Equity-Oriented Learning and Identities: A Resource-Centered Perspective

Background/ContextDespite calls for equity in education, the dominant mode of schooling reproduces hierarchies, positioning some students as bright, gifted, or fast learners and others as lazy, in need of remediation, or slow. A number of studies have shown that teachers’ professional communities and networks can address this problem and enhance outcomes for all students. However, more research is needed not only to show the structure of supportive networks but also to explain the mechanisms through which they foster teacher learning.Research QuestionsThis paper addresses three questions: (a) Where do teachers encounter resources that support their engagement with nondominant, equity-oriented teaching practice? (b) What kinds of resources support teachers’ engagement with nondominant teaching practice? and (c) How do different kinds of resources come together to support teachers’ patterns of engagement with communities of nondominant teaching practice?Research DesignA multisite case study was conducted over the course of an academic year. The study involved extensive observations in routine teacher meetings and professional development settings, as well as classroom observations and teacher interviews.ParticipantsParticipants included 18 mathematics teachers from two diverse urban high schools. The mathematics departments at both schools expressed commitments to professional learning and collaboration in order to better serve their diverse student bodies, in particular, to support students who had previously been unsuccessful. Six teachers were selected as focal teachers for more in-depth observation and interviewing. This paper describes the contrasting cases of four teachers.FindingsTwo of the focal teachers maintained close engagement with nondominant, equity-oriented practice throughout the period of the study, while two did not. A comparison of teachers’ professional support networks showed that their patterns of engagement were related to their connections to sources outside their school-based communities and the access that these connections provided to four distinct types of resources. The two teachers who maintained their engagement with reforms were found to have abundant and personally significant identity resources, which were critical for their ongoing learning. Although the other two teachers had technical resources for engaging with reforms, they did not have such identity resources.Conclusions/RecommendationsResearch and practice have tended to focus on technical aspects of teacher learning in service of reform. This paper suggests that teachers need not only more resources, but also more kinds of resources in order to sustain the learning that student-centered, equity-oriented reforms require.

Incorporating Internet-based Interventions into Couple Therapy: Available Resources and Recommended Uses.

Although there are a number of highly efficacious in-person treatments designed to ameliorate relationship distress, only a small proportion of distressed couples seek out in-person treatment. Recently developed internet-based interventions based on these in-person treatments are a promising way to circumvent common barriers to in-person treatment and give more distressed couples access to these efficacious interventions. The overarching aims of this review are to provide couple and family therapists with a broad overview of the available internet-based interventions and provide suggestions about how these interventions might be utilized before, during, or after in-person treatment. First, we review internet-based interventions targeting individual psychopathology (e.g. anxiety and depression). These interventions would be particularly useful as an adjunctive resource for in-person couple or family therapy when referrals for a concurrent in-person individual therapist are not feasible (because of time, financial, or geographic constraints). The majority of the review centers on internet-based interventions for distressed couples and covers four distinct types of resources: relationship advice websites, assessment/feedback interventions, enrichment interventions for satisfied couples, and interventions targeting at-risk or distressed couples. We close with a case study of one couple's journey through a newly developed intervention targeting at-risk couples, OurRelationship.com, and provide two appendices with information on currently available internet-based interventions.

Batch computer scheduling

Efficient scheduling of jobs for computer systems is a problem of continuing concern. The applicability of scheduling methodology described in the operations research literature is severely restricted by the dimensionality of job characteristics, the number of distinct resource types comprising a computer system, the non-deterministic nature of the system due to both interprocess interaction and contention, and the existence of a multitude of constraints effecting job initiation times, job completion times, and job interactions. In view of the large number of issues which must be considered in job scheduling, a heuristic approach seems appropriate. This paper describes an initial implementation of such an approach based upon a fast, analytically driven, performance prediction tool.