Distillery Waste Research Articles

Production of bacterial nanocellulose as green adsorbent matrix using distillery wastes for dye removal: a combined approach for waste management and pollution mitigation

Production of bacterial nanocellulose as green adsorbent matrix using distillery wastes for dye removal: a combined approach for waste management and pollution mitigation

Biogas Production through Anaerobic Codigestion of Distillery Wastewater Sludge and Disposable Spent Yeast

The ongoing industrial transformation in developing countries, including Ethiopia, has resulted in a significant increase in harmful pollutants in the environment. Various industrial activities release toxic wastewater sludge and spent yeast into the surrounding ecosystem, posing risks to public health and the environment. However, these waste materials have the potential for energy extraction and recycling. This study aimed to investigate and harness the biogas potential through anaerobic codigestion of distillery wastewater sludge and waste yeast. The researchers employed a response surface approach utilizing Box–Behnken experimental designs (BBD) to assess the three key experimental parameters influencing biogas yield: pH levels (6, 7, and 8), volume ratio (85, 92, and 99%), and temperature (33, 36.5, and 40°C). Before and after the digestion process, the researchers measured the total solids (TS), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and pH of all substrates. Additionally, measurements of temperature, total nitrate, and total phosphate were taken before digestion. The methane yield was modeled using a second-order polynomial through the BBD method in Design Expert software, with a p value threshold of ≤5%. The results showed that the maximum methane yield of 61.18% was achieved at a pH of 7, a temperature of 36.5°C, and a volume ratio of 92%. Conversely, the lowest methane yield of 40.13% was obtained at a pH of 6, a temperature of 33°C, and a volume ratio of 92%. The linear and quadratic values of the model (A, B, C, A2, B2, and C2) were determined to be significant terms, with p values ≤5%. Overall, the biogas yields obtained from the anaerobic codigestion of distillery wastewater and waste yeast were promising. This process has the potential to effectively remove BOD5, COD, and TS from distillery spent wash and sludge. The findings suggest that anaerobic codigestion could be a viable approach for both energy production and waste management in the setting of distillery waste.

Composting of distillery spent wash

Distillery spent wash, a by-product of the alcoholic beverage industry, is an organic waste whose management poses significant challenges due to its acidity, high organic load, notable content of polyphenols, macronutrients, micronutrients and heavy metals. In Europe, billions of liters of distillery waste are generated annually and its eco-unfriendly disposal can cause severe environmental and health impacts. Composting is a viable management strategy to treat and manage distillery slop promoting the recycling and stabilization of organic matter and nutrients in the material. The review examines different composting methods, such as single composting, co-composting and vermicomposting, along with their benefits and drawbacks. To optimize composting effectiveness, various materials, such as sewage sludge, vinasse, green and animal manure, inorganic amendments, bagasse, filter cake and municipal solid waste, among other agro-food and animal bio-wastes, can be used as a source of nitrogen and microorganisms. Also, the usage of different materials and mixtures aims to enhance the composting process increasing the degradation rate and the quality of the compost. The challenges of distillery spent wash composting are also covered in the paper which are mainly due to its characteristics, including high salt content, low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, low pH and potential phytotoxicity. The paper concludes that composting distillery spent wash is an effective and sustainable waste management solution for recovering valuable nutrient resources and producing a stable nutrient-rich organic soil amendment. The produced compost can improve crop yields, nutrient absorption by plants and plant biomass and contribute to soil properties and restoration. The review provides insights into the current state of distillery spent wash composting and recommends future research directions to improve efficiency and expand potential applications.

Studies on Physico-chemical Characters of Distillery Waste Water and Decolorizing Bacteria

Distillery waste water possess serious environmental hazards causing eutrophication, adversely affecting the human health and the flora and fauna of the waterbodies. The conventional treatment methods applied these days are not satisfactory. So, it is a need of the present day to find alternative methods to achieve this aim. Microbial treatment serves to be the best option for the treatment of waste waters. The present work was carried out to study the physico-chemical characters of distillery waste water and to isolate, screen, characterize and identify the micro-organisms with a potential of decolorizing distillery waste water. Two isolates were obtained during the study. Their decolorizing activity in presence of various supplements for different incubation periods was checked. Both of the isolates were found to be promising for future use.

Hydrogen Production Via Mediated Electrolysis of Biomass from Distillery Whisky Waste Streams

Fuel-flexible hydrogen generation methods, such as electrochemical conversion of waste biomass, offer a route to sustainable production of hydrogen (in addition to steam or water electrolysis using renewable electricity [1]) whilst valorising feedstocks that are often overlooked. [2] In this research, the authors explore the potential of a novel, two-stage electrolysis process to convert biomass-containing solid and liquid distillery waste products into hydrogen, using a phosphomolybdic acid (H3[PMo12O40] or PMA) catalyst, at lower operating voltages (<0.95 V) than proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysers (1.5 – 1.6 V). [3]Firstly, an overview of the processes, energy usage and waste stream generation at the Isle of Raasay Distillery (Hebrides, Scotland) will be provided, before results from the characterization of whisky waste products are introduced. This provides a detailed compositional analysis of both solid (draff/spent barley) and liquid (pot ale and spent lees) wastes, as well as residual alcohol analysis of the liquid wastes, and their potential for conversion to hydrogen.Subsequently, the concept of thermal digestion of each waste-type, using the Keggin-type polyoxometalate PMA catalyst to abstract protons and electrons from biomass, will be outlined. Finally, details of electrolysis of the PMA-biomass solutions using a PEM flow cell will be provided, including electrochemical data (AC impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry and potentiostatic operation) in order to determine the optimal operating conditions for the process, in addition to the respective yield of hydrogen from each biomass source. Prospects for upscaling the process will also be discussed. References Götz, M., Lefebvre, J., Mörs, F., McDaniel Koch, A., Graf, F., Bajohr, S. Reimert, R. and Kolb, T., Renew. Energ., 85, 1371 – 1390 (2016).Liu, W., Cui, Y., Du, X., Zhang, Z., Chao, Z. and Deng, Y., Energy Environ. Sci., 9, 467 – 472 (2016).Oh, H., Choi, Y., Shin, C., Nguyen, T. V. T., Han, Y., Kim, H., Kim, Y. H., Lee, J-W., Jang, J-W. and Ryu, J., ACS Catal. 10, 2060 – 2068 (2020).

Co‐production of biobutanol and biomethane from distillers' grain waste by an integrated process

AbstractBackgroundDistillers' grain waste (DGW) is the main by‐product in the Baijiu‐making process and its management remains a great challenge for the Baijiu industry. To address this issue, an integrated biobutanol and biomethane production process was established to obtain valuable products from DGW and reduce environmental pollution.ResultsIn the integrated process, DGW was hydrolyzed and detoxified to produce biobutanol, while the distillery waste derived from solvent extraction process was used for biomethane fermentation. After the optimization of overliming detoxification of DGW hydrolysate by artificial neural network and genetic algorithm, totals of 10.65 ± 0.07 g L−1 butanol and 4.51 ± 0.21 g L−1 isopropanol were attained with negligible amounts of acetone and ethanol (i.e. 0.14 ± 0.00 and 0.52 ± 0.06 g L−1, respectively). Anaerobic digestion of the distillery waste was efficient, and the chemical oxygen demand removal rate approached 92.3 ± 0.1% with a methane yield of 167.8 ± 1.2 mL g−1 TCODremoved. Moreover, the anaerobic digestion effluent could be recycled as a potential substitute for process water in biobutanol fermentation without having any negative effect on enzymatic hydrolysis of DGW, and the butanol production also reached 8.19 ± 0.29 g L−1.ConclusionThe present study provides a new idea for comprehensive utilization of DGW towards energy and resource recovery, without secondary pollution. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ВНЕШНИХ ФАКТОРОВ НА СВОЙСТВА ДРОЖЖЕЙ CANDIDA TROPICALIS ПРИ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ СПИРТОВОЙ БАРДЫ

To prevent environmental pollution from distillery waste, enterprises are required to carry out complete processing of stillage and / or dispose of it at treatment facilities, but it is not possible to fully utilize distillery stillage due to the lack of necessary strains of microorganisms. Therefore, in the processing of distillery stillage, the choice of a strain of microorganisms with sufficient biological activity is of particular relevance. For the first time, biotechnological utilization by the Candida tropicalis yeast strain AP-31-KBP Y-4883 was used for the processing of distillery stillage. Yeast activity was increased by two external factors: physical (UV radiation) and chemical (19-mycosaminyl nystatinolide) exposure. A rational concentration of 19-mycosaminyl-nystatinolide (500 U) was established at which Candida tropicalis colonies reached their maximum size. The efficiency of vinasse disposal was assessed by the accumulation of amine nitrogen in an aqueous solution after vinasse hydrolysis, the amount of which was determined by the formal titration method. Yeast inoculum, obtained after exposure to external factors, was introduced into a nutrient medium based on vinasse, and aerobic treatment was carried out for 72 hours. The morphological properties of cells and their number were controlled by optical and atomic force microscopy, the results of which are consistent with each other and with the biological activity of yeast. The greatest changes in the morphology of the cell surface are noted after chemical exposure: compared with the initial sample, the average cell height increased by 0.24 µm, and the surface area increased by 1.25 times. An increase in the degree of utilization of alcohol stillage by yeast was shown in the series “Candida tropicalis strain AP-31-KBP Y-4883 without treatment → UV-treated strain → antibiotic-treated strain”: indicators of biological activity increased by 4.3% (the proportion of cells saturated with glycogen ) and by 6.67% (amine nitrogen content); biomass yield increased by 1.7%. Increments of indicators are calculated in the transition from the original sample to the treated antibiotic. The assessment of the environmental hazard of bard samples was carried out using biotesting. It is shown that the efficiency of vinasse utilization increases after its treatment with yeast, which was previously exposed to UV radiation and an antibiotic. These samples were characterized by the highest germination of seeds relative to bards not treated with yeast.

Optimization of distillery-sourced wastewater anaerobic digestion for biogas production

Distillery industries in Ethiopia produces large volumes of high-strength, acidic, recalcitrant, and colored wastewater from sugarcane molasses-based alcohol distilleries. Interestingly, distillery wastes are high in organic nutrients that facilitate microbial growth and serve as substrates for renewable energy production. Conversely, energy insecurity is a major issue in the country, as access to modern energy services is limited in many parts of the country, particularly in rural areas. To address both challenges simultaneously, this study investigated the effects of temperature, pH, and retention time on distillery-sourced wastewater anaerobic digestion for biogas production. A Box-Behnken design confirmed that retention time influenced biogas production and biomethane yield largely. The numerical optimization of the process determined that the optimal conditions for specific biogas production (SBP) and biomethane yield were 31.21 °C temperature, 7.35 pH, and 16.85 days retention time. At this optimal point, the predicted values of SBP and biomethane yield were 0.469 l/g-COD removed and 57.87, respectively. The error percentages between experimental and predicted values were 1.71 % for SBP and 1.57 % for biomethane yield, suggesting the accuracy and predictability of the models. The study findings imply that simultaneous distillery waste treatment and energy production could be a viable option for providing affordable and clean energy to rural communities and small businesses in Ethiopia.

Experimental Investigation on Effect of Spent Wash Usage in Mixing Water on Properties of Concrete

Abstract: The by-product of sugar industry- distillery spent wash, is the unwanted residual liquid waste generated during alcohol production and pollution caused by it is one of the most critical environmental issue because it poses a serious threat to the water quality in several regions around the globe. Despite standards imposed on effluent quality, untreated or partially treated effluent very often finds access to water courses. The ever-increasing generation of distillery spent wash on the one hand and stringent legislative regulations of its disposal on the other has stimulated the need for developing new technologies to process this effluent efficiently and economically. This paper presents an overview on experimental study on usage of spent wash in concrete with various percentages and its alternative use in various sectors. The contribution of distillery waste i.e. spent wash on the mechanical properties of concrete is high compared to conventional concrete.

Study of the anaerobic destruction of post-alcohol distillery waste by mateen

Post-alcohol distillery waste is an environmental pollutant, which determined the relevance of its disposal. One of the ways to utilise post-alcohol distillery waste is through its anaerobic methane destruction in biogas plants. The research aims to determine the optimal amount of post-alcohol distillery wastes to be added to the substrate to achieve maximum biomethane yield. The research was conducted on a laboratory biogas plant consisting of a 30-litre digester and a gas holder in a mesophilic mode at a substrate temperature of 40°C with a periodic substrate loading mode. It was found that the highest biogas yield of 5.369 l/(h×kg DOM) was obtained by anaerobic methane mono-degradation of post-alcohol distillery waste. However, the methane content in the biogas is in the range of 48-52%. During the anaerobic methane destruction of a mixture of post-alcohol distillery waste with cow manure, the methane content in biogas increases to 70-76%, but the biogas yield is lower and is 4.577 l/(h×kg DOM) at 36% post-alcohol distillery waste content in the substrate, 3.294 l/(h×kg DOM) at 27%, 2.960 l/(h×kg DOM) at 18%, 1.538 l/(h×kg DOM) at 9%. The optimum content of post-alcohol distillery waste in the substrate, at which the biomethane yield will be maximum (3.821 l/(h×kg DOM)), is 46.7% of the substrate content and 100% of the organic part of the substrate. The results of this study can be used in planning the composition of the substrate of biogas plants and designing and building new biogas plants near distilleries

The rationale for the recovery of the territories contaminated by organomineral waste

The article presents the results of surveys conducted on three areas contaminated with organomineral and petroleum-containing waste. The selected research sites included a location affected by a fuel oil spill, a geoenvironment contaminated with petroleum products, and a territory of unauthorized disposal of distillery waste. Comprehensive engineering surveys were carried out on all sites, with some of them including engineering-geophysical surveys. The areas of the contaminated territories and the volume of waste were determined. Additionally, data evaluation was performed using the TPT-cloud software suite, which allowed for optimizing the scope of the conducted studies and accurately interpreting the research results to enhance the quality of the restoration works. The study justifies the methods for conducting restoration measures based on the proposed methodology for assessing the feasibility of using biological methods in land reclamation and waste disposal.

Possible Utilization of Distillery Waste in the Carbonization Process.

This paper characterizes the carbonization process in terms of the utilization of distillery waste in a laboratory-scale reactor. Due to the increase in market prices of wood and environmental protection laws, biomass waste, including distillery waste, is a potential source for biochar production. An experimental investigation of the carbonization process was carried out for different mixtures of distillery waste and oak sawdust. The obtained results showed that due to the European Standard, biochar from distillery waste could be used for the production of charcoal briquettes for barbecue applications. In addition, biochar from carbonization samples with 66, 50, and 33% distillery waste meet the standards defined by the International Biochar Initiative for HMs content. The analysis of the dynamics of the heating rate showed that adding wood to distillery waste significantly shortens the carbonization process, but this reduces the number of bio-oils produced and its calorific value.

“Film-stacking method as an alternative Agave tequilana fibre/PLA composite fabrication”

This paper presents the fabrication of an Agave tequilana Fibre (ATF) bio-composite by film stacking method and an experimental investigation on preliminary mechanical properties; namely tensile, flexural, impact, and water uptake. Randomly oriented bio-composite samples were made from both, untreated and surface treated ATF collected from a tequila distillery waste stream. The ATF were surface treated using NaOH, and Pectate lyase to improve fibre properties and adhesion. The samples were prepared using three fibre loadings, 20, 40 and 60 wt%. Randomly oriented ATF mats were pre-impregnated with poly (lactic acid) (PLA) before bio-composite stacking and press moulding. Untreated fibre samples were processed and kept as a reference. The morphology of the fracture surfaces was analysed through optical and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The quasi-static tensile tests revealed that the modulus of the bio-based composite materials is up to ~10% lower than that of the neat PLA. Flexural strength values observed at 60 wt% of fibre content were within the ranges of 76.10–77.0 MPa for treated samples with a flexural modulus of 3.36–3.76 GPa, whereas impact strength presented a reduction of ~32–35%. Generally, all measured properties presented reduction in strength with the increase of fibre loading.

Isolation of local strain of Bacillus sp. SM-11, producing PHB using different waste raw as substrate

Polyhydroxyalkalonates (PHAs) have numerous industrial and medical applications, is being used in various medical applications such as scaffold, suture, heart valve and drug delivery etc. Poly 3-hydroxy butyrate (PHB) is the most common and important family member of PHAs. The bacterial strains which are able to produce higher quantities of PHA using low-cost substrates are always in demand. In the present study, a local strain of Bacillus sp. SM11 isolated from soil was screened for ability to produce biopolymer i.e., PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate). Various factors which have been found to have an impact on PHB production by the selected capable bacterial isolates were optimized viz., organic waste source (soya extract, whey, molasses, corn extract, and distillery waste liquor), nitrogen source (peptone, beef extract, yeast extract, ammonium chloride, and ammonium sulphate), pH, and trace elements. An optimized PHB yield of 3.53g/L was obtained using whey as a source of carbon, added with 1% of yeast extract as a nitrogen source at pH 6.0 in presence of calcium as a trace element. The outcome of the present study indicates that isolate is among one of the high PHB producing microorganism, using whey as a carbon source.

Recovery of polyphenols from distillery stillage by microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted and conventional solid\u2013liquid extraction

Recovery of bioactive compounds from distillery waste could be an option for valorizing this waste. This study investigated how the extraction of polyphenols (which have antioxidant activity) from distillery stillage was affected by solvent type and concentration, extraction time, and method of extraction (conventional solid–liquid extraction, CSLE; ultrasound-assisted extraction, UAE; microwave-assisted extraction, MAE). Although recovery was similar with UAE and MAE, 3 min MAE with 80% ethanol and 80% methanol produced the highest yields of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and phenolic acids. With CSLE, TPC was 2.1–1.8-times lower than with MAE and 1.7–1.4-times lower than with UAE. Increasing the solvent concentration to 100% significantly decreased recovery. Six phenolic acids were recovered (ferulic and p-coumaric acid predominated), which were present mainly in the free form. There was a significant positive correlation between antioxidant activity, as measured with three methods (one based on the hydrogen atom transfer and two based on single electron transfer mechanisms), and phenolic acid content. With MAE and UAE, polyphenols were recovered more efficiently, with 2.1 times and 1.5 times higher antioxidant activity, and with 15 times and 9 times shorter extraction times, respectively, than with CSLE; thus, they can be considered "green" alternatives to CSLE.

Plant growth promoting strain Bacillus cereus (RCS-4 MZ520573.1) enhances phytoremediation potential of Cynodon dactylon L. in distillery sludge

Elevated levels of physico-chemical pollution including organic pollutants, metals and metalloids were detected in distillery sludges despite of the anaerobic digestion treatment prior to disposal. The concentrations of the metals were (in mg kg−1): Fe (400.98 ± 3.11), Zn (17.21 ± 0.54), Mn (8.32 ± 0.42), Ni (8.00 ± 0.98), Pb (5.09 ± 0.43), Cr (4.00 ± 0.98), and Cu (3.00 ± 0.10). An invasive grass species, Cynodon dactylon L., demonstrated its ability to remediate the distillery waste sludge (DWS) in the field study. All the physico-chemical parameters of the sludge significantly improved (up to 70–75%) in the presence of Cynodon dactylon L. (p < 0.001) than the control with no plant growth. The highest phytoremediation capacity was associated with the uptake of Fe in the root and shoot. Sludge samples collected near the rhizosphere also showed lower amount of organic compounds compared to control sludge samples. Metal resistant Bacillus cereus (RCS-4 MZ520573.1) was isolated from the rhizosphere of Cynodon dactylon L. and showed potential to enhance the process of phytoremediation via plant growth promoting activities such as production of high level of ligninolytic enzymes: manganese peroxidase (35.98 U), lignin peroxidase (23.98 U) and laccase (12.78 U), indole acetic acid (45.87(mgL−1), phosphatase activity (25.76 mg L−1) and siderophore production (23.09 mg L−1). This study presents information on the performance of Cynodon dactylon L., an abundant invasive perennial grass species and its associated plant growth promoting rhizobacteria demonstrated good capacity to remediate and restore contaminated soil contained complex organic and inorganic pollutants, they could be integrated into the disposal system of distillery sludge to improve the treatment efficiency.

A novel strategy for comprehensive utilization of distillers’ grain waste towards energy and resource recovery

This study developed a novel strategy for distillers’ grain waste (DGW) management towards energy and resource recovery, i.e. butanol and methane production. DGW was enzymatically hydrolyzed and the liquid phase (DGWEH) was used to produce butanol. A total of 30 potential inhibitors were identified in DGWEH and part of esters were confirmed to be one of the inhibitors affecting butanol production. After the detoxification by overliming, approximately 42.5 % of the identified compounds including 99.2 % of esters were removed. Butanol and isopropanol were significantly increased to 8.19 ± 0.01 and 1.49 ± 0.09 g/L, respectively, with negligible amounts of acetone and ethanol (i.e. 0.18 ± 0.00 and 0.36 ± 0.01 g/L, respectively). The residual solid fraction of DGW and the distillery waste derived from the solvents extraction process after butanol fermentation were used for methane production. The average chemical oxygen demand removal rates were 99.0 ± 0.3 and 97.7 ± 0.5 %, respectively, while the total methane yield approached to 170.6 m3/t DGW. This work verified the technical feasibility of comprehensive utilization of DGW for energy and resource recovery, with benefit to the environment.

Microbial community dynamics and their relationships with organic and metal pollutants of sugarcane molasses-based distillery wastewater sludge

Distillery sludge is a major source of aquatic pollution, but little is known about their microbial community and their association with the organic and metal pollutants. Sugarcane molasses-based distillery is an important industry in India, although the waste is usually treated prior to disposal, the treatment is often inadequate. The adverse effects of the organic and metal pollutants in sugarcane molasses-based distillery sludge on the microbial biodiversity and abundance in the disposal site have not been elucidated. This study aims to address this gap of knowledge. Samples were collected from the discharge point, 1 and 2 km downstream (D1, D2, and D3, respectively) of a sugarcane distillery in Uttar Pradesh, India, and their physico-chemical properties characterised. Using QIIME, taxonomic assignment for the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of 16 S rRNA was performed. The phyla Proteobacteria (28–39%), Firmicutes (20–28%), Bacteriodetes (9–10%), Actinobacteria (5–10%), Tenericutes (1–9%) and Patescibacteria (2%) were the predominant bacteria in all three sites. Euryechaeota, were detected in sites D1 and D2 (1–2%) but absent in D3. Spirochaetes (5%), Sinergistetes (2%) and Cloacimonetes (1%) were only detected in samples from site D1. Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and Observed-species indices indicated that site D1 (10.18, 0.0013, 36706.55 and 45653.84, respectively) has higher bacterial diversity and richness than D2 (6.66, 0.0001, 25987.71 and 49655.89, respectively) and D3 (8.31, 0.002, 30345.53 and 30654.88, respectively), suggesting the organic and metal pollutants provided the stressors to favour the survival of microbial community that can biodegrade and detoxify them in the distillery sludge. This study confirmed that the treatment of the distillery waste was not sufficiently effective and provided new metagenomic information on its impact on the surrounding microbial community. It also offered new insights into potential bioremediation candidates.

Bioconversion of sugarcane vinasse into fungal biomass protein and its potential use in fish farming

The intensification of pisciculture operation requires the provision of an adequate supply of good quality fish feed. Many commercial feeds consist in fishmeal or soybean meal-based formulations, but they constitute costly protein sources. Hence, dietary transition from conventional fish ingredients towards fungi protein sources produced from vinasse could address concern about both fish feed cost and the detrimental environmental effects of distillery waste disposal. This work investigated the nutritional and toxicological aspects of Aspergillus sp. V2 grown on vinasse to be used as a possible fish feed. Proximate analysis of biomass obtained from 50% (v/v) residue supplemented with 2.0 g/L (NH4)2H2PO4 revealed a total proteins content (34.0%), fat (4.7%), ash (15.8%), crude fiber (4.0%), moisture (0.3%) and carbohydrate (45.2%) within acceptable levels for commercial fish diets. The biomass protein composition was similar to soybean meal, containing all the essential amino acids (EAAs) for fish feeding. Finally, total aflatoxins level was 6.8 ± 0.2 µg per kg of dry weight, which does not exceed the permissible levels established for feedstuffs. These findings provide evidence that biomass of Aspergillus sp. V2 produced from vinasse could meet the nutritional requirements for use in fish diet, reducing economic pressures for the pisciculture and distilleries.

RESEARCH OF METHANE PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM BIOGAS AND PYROLYSIS GAS

The article investigates the separation process of biogas and the pyrolysis gas by application of membrane technology. The urgency of the problem of purification of industrial, agricultural, distillery waste or waste water by means of biological fermentation in anaerobic conditions of organic substances is indicated. If it is not possible to biodegrade waste, use pyrolysis or gasification. Pyrolysis gas, unlike biogas, has hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The process of separating methane from leaving impurities is much more economical than the process of removing impurities to obtain methane. Although for more than a hundred years mankind has known about the principles of gas diffusion and mass transfer through polymer films. But only in the last 40 years, membranes have begun to be used on an industrial scale in gas purification. With a membrane unit, a high methane production efficiency (&gt; 96%) can be achieved. The lack of mechanical complexity and their modular design, which allows them to scale easily to provide significant flexibility, are increasingly gaining attention from the industry. The paper was proposed setting circuit for isolating methane and its operation is described. As a result of the research carried out, graphical dependencies were obtained at the stages: absorption (volume fraction of dissolved methane from the circulation ratio of the absorber), adsorption (absorption capacity of the membrane packing over time) and regeneration (the rate of desorption of the absorber from the membrane packing versus time). Using these dependencies, it is possible to calculate the flow rate of the absorber that is used in the absorption process and to determine the number of membrane elements for the membrane apparatus.