Distanced Research Articles

Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) Migration from an Aquatic Overwintering Site: Timing, Duration, and Potential Environmental Cues

Relatively few North American anurans overwinter in water and information is sparse on their movement from overwintering habitat to breeding sites. Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) breed explosively in early spring and often overwinter submerged at sites that are distanced from breeding habitats. In montane parts of their range, wintering and breeding habitats can remain frozen for months. We investigated timing, duration, and potential cues for R. pretiosa migrations from a wintering lake near the Cascade Mountains in central Oregon, U.S.A. First and median migrant males moved slightly earlier than females. Onset of migration was as early as February 12 (males) and as late as April 4 (females) in years of mild and extended winters, respectively. Frogs were active at water temperatures below those associated with early breeding activities in one lowland R. pretiosa population. Higher proportions of frogs migrated before ice-out in years of prolonged winter conditions. Migrations were temporally compressed in years of later movement. This migration ‘rush’, along with the ability to move at cold temperatures and to vary timing of migrations likely helps montane R. pretiosa deal with colder and more variable spring conditions than lowland populations.

10. L’argent dirige-t-il les entreprises ?

L’idée que l’argent dirige les entreprises repose en grande partie sur la croyance que les firmes sont la propriété des actionnaires. Cette vision du monde économique est erronée. Elle ne rend pas compte de trois révolutions majeures, juridique, financière et organisationnelle, qui ont séparé le capital-actions du capital productif, éloigné les actionnaires de la direction des firmes et amené à leur tête une nouvelle espèce de dirigeants que sont les managers. Si l’argent dirige les firmes, au sens où les actionnaires parviennent à imposer leur logique financière, c’est en raison de l’adhésion des managers à l’idéologie de la valeur actionnariale.

Ação como base para uma estética da subjetividade lúdica

A relevância de reconhecer o senso de agência como sendo fundamental para a experiência da jogadora ao se engajar com o mundo do jogo já foi apresentada com frequência. Neste artigo, eu gostaria de examinar a ideia de que a ação constitui o eu próprio da jogadora, isto é, o senso de quem ela é em relação ao mundo do jogo. Para este fim, a observação concentra-se em jogos nos quais a jogadora se incorpora ao mundo do jogo na forma de uma única figura jogável, estabelecendo uma posição-subjetiva lúdica incorporada na qual ela aciona a subjetividade lúdica. O primeiro passo para fundamentar a análise dessa atualização da subjetividade lúdica foca na conceituação da relação entre ação e sujeito. A identificação de um esquema conceitual para atacar esta questão pavimentou o caminho para abordagens da ação por ambas as tradições da filosofia, analítica e continental. Ao seguir esse direcionamento, o artigo argumenta que a estrutura experimental do gameplay de jogos digitais se organiza em torno da interação entre a perspectiva interna do mundo do jogo – aquela da posição-subjetiva lúdica – e uma perspectiva externa, distanciada, permitindo que a atualização da subjetividade lúdica da jogadora torne-se visível e estruturando uma estética da subjetividade lúdica que é inseparável – e, de fato, consequente à tomada de ações que a jogadora exerce no mundo do jogo.

Distrustful Neighborhood : Yugoslavia and Greek Colonels, 1967-1974

The article deals with a specific segment of the history of the Cold War in the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean. The coup, organized in 1967 by rightwing officers, introduced Greece to the seven-year period of military dictatorship. The relations of the rigid, anti-Communist regime of Greek colonels with Yugoslavia and other Balkan communist neighbors were marked by the freezing down of political relations, by interrupting or by its deterioration in many areas. New situation caused in relations between Athens and Belgrade Yugoslavia, among other problems, the radicalization of the differences connected with the Macedonian issue. By 1974, the government in Belgrade had distanced itself from direct political relations on the highest level, supporting the Greek opposition in the country and abroad. On the other hand, Yugoslav authorities firmly refused any support for direct violent and propaganda action against Greece from Yugoslav territory. Support to the government of the Cypriot archbishop Makarios was also one of the points of sharp disagreement with the regime in Athens. Overthrowing of the colonel‘s regime after the protests of students and workers and the loss of support in the military circles was welcomed in Yugoslavia with enthusiasm and relief as an announcement of a normalization of relations.

Institutional, Alternative, Distanced, and Secular.

Institutional, Alternative, Distanced, and Secular.

Distanced from Dirt: Transnational Vietnam in the U.S. South

Distanced from Dirt: Transnational Vietnam in the U.S. South

ANÁLISIS NUMÉRICO DE CARACTERÍSTICAS BÁSICAS DE UNIDADES FAMILIARES PRODUCTIVAS (UFP) EN NUEVE COMUNIDADES RURALES DE NICARAGUA

El programa Desarrollo Participativo Integral Rural (DEPARTIR) interactúa con familias, estudiantes y docentes investigadores de la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA) en comunidades rurales de Nicaragua. Durante el período 2006-2013 el programa ha tenido intervención en 14 comunidades, desarrollando propuestas priorizadas por las familias; así como estudios de cuestionarios socieconómicos, suelos y agua, y análisis de la Unidad Familiar de Producción (UFP). Basado en la información de los municipios de Las Sabanas (n=164), El Crucero (n=207) y Nandaime (n=127), se procedió a analizar bases de datos de 498 UFP con más de 80 variables, a través de análisis univariados y multivariados. Según las condiciones en las familias, se determinó el índice de calidad de vida en la vivienda (ICVV) y digitalizado por medio de coordenadas geográficas las nueve comunidades rurales, y en promedio mostraron un bajo nivel de vida. La religión, la tenencia de tierra, el ICVV y el sexo del informante, distanciaron las comunidades del municipio de Las Sabanas y de Nandaime. Además, el 78% de la población en las comunidades rurales muestreada fue inferior a 40 años, y 11 personas de cada 100, no saben leer ni escribir, con una mediana del 6% y máxima de 20.7% de analfabetismo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/calera.v13i21.1679

Infantile Imagination and Infant Architectural Schools

Infant architectural education was built at last century on the fantasy and ornamental patterns. These methods produced attractive results, but were at the same time inducing some kind of modernistic art values in scholar training and infantile thinking. Nowadays afterpostmodern art and architecture are more distanced from playfulness and striving for critical and genetic-historical approach and thus are able to widen the scope of infantile imagination toward critical attitudes.

Arabic narrative and secularism/secularization

Secularism and secularization as concepts come to the arena of academic writing very early. This paper explores how secularism/secularization movement in Europe has changed the vision of the man and the masses towards life and religion. However, the focus here is on Arabic narrative and Islamic community and how a host of Arab writers are profoundly influenced with such western ideologies despite discrepancy in circumstances of both blocs: the western and the eastern. The focus here is how secularism has been reflected in Arabic narrative and how Arab writers initiate in addressing such concepts in their literary works, being distanced from religious concepts themselves or propagate secularization in varied facets of life for a better understanding and more liberal style of life as claimed. The influence of secularization in Arab and Muslim literary writings countries are reflected in literary writings whether in defending of such ideologies involved with secularization or rejecting them. Results showed characters mocking the religious and the sacred concepts which are consider in Islam as prohibited; mocking such Islamic basics is a sort of blasphemy or apostasy and would not be admitted by Islam and Islamic community. It was found that most of secular Arabic literary works reflect the secular thought of the writers themselves and in what way they understand secularism and secularization. Key words: Secularism, secularization, post-secularism, religion, Islam, Arab, Muslim.

You are Cordially Invited to …The Distanced Participation in a Royal Wedding

On 19 June 2010 Swedish Crown Princess Victoria married Mr Daniel Westling. The wedding was celebrated not only in the capital city of Stockholm, but also in the groom’s home village, where some 6,000 people assembled to watch and celebrate the wedding beneath a giant television screen placed in a country field. As examples of this type of distanced participation become more noticeable in the ritual year, the phenomenon becomes increasingly interesting to follow. This time the investigation leads to the small village of Ockelbo, Sweden, where the municipality organised a large-scale village feast and consciously rooted the performance in the rural identity of the area.***19. junija 2010 se je svedska kronska princesa Viktorija porocila z Danielom Westlingom. Poroke niso praznovali le v svedski prestolnici Stockholmu, marvec tudi v ženinovi domaci vasi, kjer se je okrog 6000 ljudi zbralo k ogledu in praznovanju poroke pred ogromnim televizijskim zaslonom, namescenim na podeželskem polju. Ker so primeri tovrstne oddaljene udeležbe v okviru ritualnega leta vse pogostejsi, je ta fenomen postal zanimivejsi za opazovanje. Tokrat je preiskava vodila v malo vasico Ockelbo na Svedskem, kjer je mestna obcina organizirala obsežno vasko praznovanje in zavestno utemeljila izvedbo v ruralni identiteti podrocja.

Real Convergence of Central and Eastern Europe Economic and Monetary Union

This paper treats the problem of real convergence, that although in the Maastricht Treaty is expressly provided, should not be neglected, but represents the objective to which the policies of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe must be subsumed. We analyzed a series of statistics to highlight the extent to which Central and Eastern European states were able to reduce the gap with the developed countries members of the EMU. Thus, we considered that the real convergence can be appreciated by comparing GDP per capita average monthly wage, the poverty rate, the contribution of the main economic sectors to GDP and unemployment. From the statistics we found that the highest degree of real convergence plays Slovenia, which has distanced itself than other CEE countries, followed by the Czech Republic. On terms of development throughout the period analyzed CEE countries based on indicators and dynamics of catching speed and performance we can notice the Baltic countries. Unfortunately, Romania and Bulgaria are far behind other CEE countries.

Beyond “Doom and Gloom” and “Saving the World”: On the Relevance of Sociology in Civic Education

In this article some tenets of classical and contemporary sociology are examined with reference to social problems that are also topical in civic education. The social problems are: social inequality, inter-communal conflicts, and democratic participation. A major obstacle in adopting sociological interpretations of the social problems to contemporary civic education lies in sociological reservations toward liberal democracy as a remedy to the social problems. More properly, some utopian (from radical to conservative) ramifications of the sociological analysis cannot actually be adopted in civic education. As a consequence, sociology is often distanced toward normative order and dominant forms of social power and practice of the actually existing societies, including liberal democracies. Thus, one can argue that sociology educates “young skeptics”, rather than “young citizens” as postulated in some national curricula of civic education. Still, sociology may serve in civic education as an abundant source of knowledge for unraveling prejudices and false forms of democracy in the contemporary society, and also for questioning some national solutions to pressing social problems. Also, as long as civic education has a tendency to idealize the actually existing forms of (liberal) democracy and thus avoiding major criticism of the social order, teaching sociology in secondary education in concurrence with CE would be necessary for the sake of establishing a comprehensive education on the contemporary society and citizenship.

Historia y arqueología. Encuentros y desencuentros

Este trabajo examina la relacion entre la arqueologia y la historia, entendidas como disciplinas. Describe el proceso mediante el cual ambas disciplinas se distanciaron y encontraron nichos de accion separados en el contexto americano y colombiano en particular. Analiza las relaciones entre las dos disciplinas a futuro, proponiendo escenarios de accion y la necesaria relacion que se vislumbra a futuro entre dos disciplinas que, tradicionalmente, se han dado la espalda.

Distant, but not distanced

Distant, but not distanced

Distanced observers: Prespectives on the new German cinema

John Sandford. The New German Cinema. New York: Da Capo Press, 1980. 180 pp. James Franklin. New German Cinema: From Oberhausen to Hamburg. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1983. Klaus Phillips, ed. New German Filmmakers: From Oberhausen Through the 1970s. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1984. xxv + 462 pp. Hans Gunther Pflaum and Hans Helmut Prinzler. Cinema in the Federal Republic of Germany. The New German Film. Origins and Present Situation. A Handbook. Bonn: Inter Nationes, 1983. Timothy Corrigan. New German Film: The Displaced Image. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1983. Eric Rentschler. West German Film in the Course of Time: Reflections on the Twenty Years since Oberhausen. Bedford Hills, New York: Redgrave Publishing Co., 1984. v + 260 pp. Sigrid Bauschinger, Susan L. Cocalis, and Henry A. Lea, eds. Film und Literatur. Literarische Texte und der Neue Deutsche Film. Bern u. Munchen: Francke Verlag, 1984.