Distance Delivery Research Articles

Local Agricultural Product Packaging Innovation as an Effort to Improve Branding and Sustainable Excellence of Farmer Community Products in Ciburial Village, West Bandung Regency

The Joint Partners of Farmer Groups (Gapoktan) in Ciburial Village, West Bandung Regency, has great potential in selling horticultural agricultural products, one of the Gapoktans already has potential market demand is Cipta Mandiri. Gapoktan Cipta Mandiri has a high demand for organic vegetable products, digital media marketing increases awareness and expands the market quickly. The high demand creates new problems for Gapoktan Cipta Mandiri, namely product packaging that is not yet able to protect the product for long distance delivery, while consumer demand is not only from Bandung and its surroundings, as well as other large cities that are pretty far away, packaging innovations are needed that can protect the durability of organic vegetables, which are accessible from chemicals, where product spoilage is faster than non-organic products. Vacuum packaging innovations with cooling and anti-rotting systems need to be developed to support market demand which is already quite rapid. This innovation is expected to increase the potential for economic independence in other Ciburial village communities besides Gapoktan Cipta Mandiri. This research aims to determine the role of organic agricultural product packaging innovation in improving the branding and sustainable excellence of Gapoktan agricultural products. Ciburial Village, West Bandung Regency. A total of 100 samples were used from a population of 200 organic vegetable consumers in large cities, consisting of online consumers of organic products from Gapoktan Cipta Mandiri, Ciburial. The results of packaging innovation are proven to increase brand awareness and knowledge as well as the superiority of agricultural products by 78.25%. The branding strength formed from packaging innovation increases the product's competitive advantage by 85.16%. The indirect influence through the variable between branding has a path coefficient value that is greater than the direct influence path coefficient value. The branding strategy increases the impact of the packaging innovation strategy on the competitive advantage of Ciburial Village Gapoktan MSME products.

Perception of Students in Learning English through Moular Distance Delivery in Mayamot National High School

This study aimed to determine the perception of students in learning English through modular distance delivery modality (print). Moreover, this research tried to describe the experiences, level of understanding and satisfaction rate about learning English in this new set up in education. Threfore, adjustments such as alignment of learning materials and deployment of multiple learning delivery modalities can be planned and expected to be executed as stipulated in DepEd Order number 18 series 2020 also known as Policy Guidelines for the Provision of Learning Resources Implementation of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan. The study was participated by the Junior high school students. Stratified random technique was used to assure the representation of each grade level and section. Also, in this study, a questionnaire will be used to gather the information from the identified participants and the data were interpreted through descriptive Statistics for data analysis. Consequently, a tailored learning strategy for students and a modified teaching technique in English through modular distance delivery was framed based on the results of the study. Focus Group Discussion for teachers and parents and students consultation are best avenues for the dissemination of the results thereafter.

Distance interventions for enhancing preparedness in informal caregivers of older adults: A systematic review protocol.

Informal caregivers provide care to older adults but report lack of preparedness to enact the role. Intervention programs delivered by distance offer one alternative to support preparedness. Three review studies conducted to date have highlighted the benefits of distance interventions for enhancing preparedness among informal caregivers of older adults. However, these reviews have been limited in presenting and discussing how intervention components influenced outcomes. Additionally, they have not compared different distance delivery approaches for informal caregivers of older adults or assessed their varying impact on preparedness outcomes. These limitations make the effectiveness of diverse distance approaches unclear. To evaluate the effects of distance interventions aimed at enhancing preparedness among informal caregivers of older adults. This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines and is guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. It has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023400668). Databases used in the search will include CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and ProQuest Theses and Dissertations Global. The search will not be restricted by publication year to include all relevant studies. Studies published in English and Portuguese will be included. Study quality will be assessed using Downs and Black's checklist. If metanalysis is possible, it will be performed using the ReviewManager (RevMan) software. The study will be the first of its type to systematically review and synthesize components and approaches of distance interventions aimed at supporting preparedness of informal caregivers of older adults.

DIGITAL ERA –WORKING OPPORTUNITIES IN THE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION’S AREA

The article contains an introduction, five chapters and conclusions. In the introduction we pointed out that the informational era or the digital era are based on a "digital revolution'' which means the transition to an economy based on the transmission, processing and storage of Information. Chapter 1 The innovation in Romania by detecting in the Internet the trends onother markets, Chapter 2 Establishing databases in Romania in the area of the cosmetic products for the innovation, Chapter 3 Distance delivery in Romania with the help of drones created by universities and high schools and sold to Romanian stores to boost sales Chapter 4 Cooperation between universities with economics and engineering faculties to create robots in a factory owned by them and Chapter 5 Innovation Policy. In the conclusions we mentioned that all these work opportunities will lead to progress in Romania, will bring high school and university students to research for the development of the economy and for obtaining funds for the educational units where they are studying, but also for them, getting them more used with the research and the innovation since school.

The online entrepreneurship program effect on young people's self-efficacy and intention: an experiment in Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria, China and Romania

PurposeEntrepreneurship can help tackle economic problems, such as unemployment. It is often promoted through education programs. There is a limited comprehensive and rigorous understanding of how entrepreneurship education programs and their ubiquitous distance delivery affect young people's entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intention, particularly in non-formal settings. The purpose of this study is to address this gap.Design/methodology/approachUnderpinned by the Social Cognitive Theory, this paper investigates the effects of one entrepreneurship education program in a study with 145 young people from five countries aged 18 to 25 years, 62 Intervention and 83 Control participants. The program's impact on the participants' entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy (across six sub-dimensions) was assessed in a one-off two-week quasi-experiment. Ex-ante and ex-post self-reported data were collected about the participants.FindingsOne-way analyses of covariance were performed to assess separately for changes in the Intervention participants' answers, relative to the Control group. The results of this study suggest the program significantly affected all measures.Originality/valueThese findings contribute to the discussions on the education programs’ effectiveness in promoting entrepreneurship. As a result, they may contribute to entrepreneurship education overcoming geographical and socio-economic hurdles (cost, time and entry barriers) to advance the development of industry, economy and community worldwide.

Online case-based learning in medical education: a scoping review

BackgroundCase-Based Learning (CBL) in medical education is a teaching approach that engages students as learners through active learning in small, collaborative groups to solve cases from clinical patients. Due to the challenges afforded by the COVID-19 pandemic, small group learning such as CBL, transitioned quickly to include technology-enhanced learning to enable distance delivery, with little information on how to apply pedagogical frameworks and use learning theories to design and deliver online content.MethodsTo extend understanding of online CBL a scoping review protocol following the PRISMA-ScR framework explored the literature that describes the use of online CBL application in medical education and the outcomes, perceptions, and learning theories. A literature search was conducted in January 2022 followed by a subsequent review in October 2022. After peer review using the PRESS guidelines, the CASP appraisal tool was used to assess the rigor of each study design.ResultsThe scoping review identified literature published between 2010 and 2022 (n = 13 articles), on online CBL in the field of medical education with 11 observational studies describing student and facilitator perceptions and two randomized controlled studies. Positive perceptions of online learning included a flexible work-life balance, connection with learners, and improved accessibility. Negative experiences of online CBL included poor internet access, a distracting learning environment, and loss of communication. In the studies that collected student performance data, results showed equivalent or improved outcomes compared to the control. The CASP appraisal tool highlighted the deficiencies in most study designs, lack of framework or learning theory, and poor reproducibility of the methods to answer the research questions.ConclusionThis scoping review identified literature to describe the academic outcomes, and student and facilitator perceptions of online CBL in medical education. However, the CASP tool uncovered deficiencies in study descriptions and design leading to poor quality evidence in this area. The authors provide recommendations for frameworks and learning theories for the future implementation of online CBL.

Public perceptions about telemedicine services for COVID-19 self-isolating patients

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the delivery of healthcare, including the adoption of distance delivery of care. Telemedicine was commonly used to expand the reach and access of health services and prevent the spread of COVID-19. This is particularly important for self-isolating patients at home. Despite this importance, few studies have evaluated public perceptions on this service. Objective: To describe public perceptions about telemedicine services for COVID-19 self-isolated patients. Method: An observational research design with cross-sectional approach was conducted on patients who had experienced COVID-19 self-isolation. Respondents were recruited using a consecutive sampling method. They were asked to complete an online questionnaire measuring perceptions about telemedicine services. The results were analysed using descriptive statistic. Result: Overall, 130 respondents participated in the survey. Large portion of respondents perceived the benefits and the need for telemedicine services for COVID-19 self-isolated patients. WhatsApp was the most common platform used for the services. The majority of respondents agreed that telemedicine was the best option for delivering health services during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Telemedicine has important applications for care during the COVID-19 pandemic and especially for self-isolating patients.

Роль дистанционной передачи электрокардиограммы в маршрутизации медицинской эвакуации пациентов

Summary. Investigation purpose – to research in the subjects of the Russian Federation (subjects) an impact of introduction of distance echocardiography (ECG) delivery on ambulance crew decision-making on patient hospitalization to profiled hospitals. Materials and methods of the investigation. Investigation materials have been got from 37 subjects. During the investigation a data which characterize work of ambulance crew medical specialists a year before and a year after an introduction of distance ECG delivery for ambulance crews in the subject were compared. Investigation results and their analysis. A usage of ECG distance delivery and analysis technologies provides an increase of number of hospitalizations to profiled medical treatment organizations of patients with acute coronary syndrome which allow to provide necessary treatment measures in stationary conditions promptly.

Diabetes prevention program outcomes by in-person versus distance delivery mode among ethnically diverse, primarily lower-income adults.

Physical activity and weight loss outcomes of a diabetes prevention program were compared for ethnically diverse adults, with the majority participating in public assistance programs. Outcomes were compared for those who completed the program in person versus by distance delivery. A two-group, pre-post study design compared National Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes based on in-person delivery (2018-2020 pre-COVID-19 pandemic, n = 47) and distance delivery (after March 2020, n = 31). Outcomes were measured or self-reported depending on the delivery method. Linear mixed models with a random intercept for coach and covariates were used to assess delivery mode group differences in percent weight loss and weekly physical activity minutes. Completion rates were similar by in-person versus distance delivery mode (57% vs. 65%). Among those who completed the program, the mean age was 58 years, the mean baseline body mass index was 33, and 39% were Hispanic. The majority were female (87%), participating in a public assistance program (63%), and living in a micropolitan area (61%). Percent weight loss was greater in the distance delivery group (7.7%) compared to the in-person group (4.7%) in the unadjusted analysis (p = 0.009) but not when adjusted for covariates. No differences were observed in adjusted weekly physical activity minutes between the in-person (219 min) versus the distance group (148 min). No differences were observed by delivery mode in percent weight loss or weekly physical activity minutes, indicating that distance delivery does not compromise program effectiveness.

The Effect of Distance Delivery of Lidcombe Program on The Severity of Stuttering in Preschool Children: A Single-Subject Study

Objective The Lidcombe therapeutic program is one of the treatments for stuttering in preschool children whose effectiveness on improvement in stuttering has been confirmed. Some families have no access to care centers due to different reasons and as such, they are deprived of treatment. Distant treatment would be a proper solution for this issue, in which all people can reach their needed treatment without being concerned over their geographical locations. Because some research has been conducted on telepractice for speech and language disorders in different ways in different countries, regarding the cultural differences that influence the duration of the Lidcombe program as well as its distant implementation, we investigated the extent of the stuttering effect in telepractice program on preschool children in Iran. Materials & Methods In this single-subject study, the Lidcombe program was implemented through live video communication between the therapist in a clinic and the subjects at home for 15 weekly sessions on five 4-6-year-old children, including three boys and two girls. To investigate the progress of the effect, the percentage of stuttered syllables, which were recorded by the therapist as well as the 9-score stuttering severity scale, which was recorded by the parents at home, were employed. During the first base line, which had been considered as three weeks, 21 times the severity rating were recorded, while 3 times the percentage of stuttered syllables were recorded. In the treatment phase, which lasted 15 weekly sessions, 105 and 15 times the score of severity and the percentage of stuttered syllables were recorded respectively. In the second base line, which had been considered as three weeks, 21 and 3 times the score of severity and the percentage of stuttered syllables were recorded respectively. Results To analyze the data of this study, Z-index and diagram plotting were used. The investigation of the stuttering severity scores and the percentage of stuttered syllables before and after the treatment suggest diminished severity and percentage of the stuttered syllables in children. After 15 sessions, two subjects approached the final criteria of the first phase of the Lidcombe program (scores with intensities one and two); however, they did not achieve the criteria. Other subjects did not achieve the final criteria in the first phase either, in spite of the diminished severity and percentage of stuttering. Conclusion The results obtained from this research suggest the effects of the Lidcombe telepractice program on the reduction of stuttering in the subjects. The results of this study showed that after 15 treatment sessions, the other subjects did not manage to achieve the final criteria of the first phase of this program. The outcome of this research indicates a positive effect of the Lidcombe telepractice program on the reduction of stuttering severity in the subjects. Nevertheless, they did not manage to approach the final criteria in the first phase of this program after joining 15 sessions. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the presentation of the Lidcombe telepractice program can be effective in reducing the severity of stuttering. However, more sessions may be required in this type of treatment, compared to the in-person one.

The Relationship between Anxiety Levels and Pain Degrees in Postoperative Caesarean Patients at Pasirian Hospital

Surgery is a potential or actual threat to a person's integrity that can arouse anxiety when faced with it, thus causing feelings of discomfort or fear. One of the most common responses in postoperative patients is the level of anxiety and discomfort. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of anxiety and the degree of pain in postoperative sectio caesarea patients at Pasirian Hospital. This research is a correlational study with a cross sectional research design. Data were taken from postoperative sectio caesarea patients with SAB anesthesia at Pasirian Hospital with the instruments used were anxiety level questionnaire sheets (HARS) and pain level observation sheets. The total population of 45 respondents, the sample studied was 40 respondents by accidental sampling. Then the data were analyzed manually and on a computer with the Spearmank Rank test. The results showed that of the 40 respondents studied, most (52.5%) aged 31-40 years, education level (70%) had high school education, based on occupation (57.5%) Housewives (IRT), (67.5 %) did not have a history of cesarean section, (52.5%) were primigravida in the history of labor, and primigravida (52.5%) had a history of distance delivery. Meanwhile (70%) respondents with the characteristics of severe anxiety levels and the characteristics of severe pain degrees were (60%) respondents. Based on the Spearmank Rank test, the p value of 0.000 is smaller than (0.05), it can be concluded that H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a relationship between the level of anxiety and the degree of pain in postoperative cesarean section patients at Pasirian Hospital. Pain is everyone's subjective, so as a nurse must assess and evaluate the problem of pain. Provide information about the surgical process and provide relaxation therapy to patients to reduce anxiety levels.

Beyond design: The systemic nature of distance delivery mode selection

Factors that drive delivery mode decisions are multifaceted and often necessarily go beyond instructional design needs. Additional influencing factors include logistical, technical, and policy considerations. The COVID-19 pandemic illuminated the many opportunities and challenges that accompany the chosen distance delivery mode, prompting the need for greater awareness of variables that influence related decision-making. As such, this article examines the systemic nature of distance delivery modes, including how they are defined, their adoption and use across contexts, and factors related to their use. Finally, considerations for distance delivery mode selection are explored.

A bilevel conic optimization model for routing and charging of EV fleets serving long distance delivery networks

Recent unveiling of electric semi-trucks by a number of electric vehicle manufacturers indicates that part of the existing long-distance transportation fleets may soon be electrified. Operators of electric fleets will have to select travel routes considering charging station availability and cost of charging in addition to usual factors such as congestion and travel time. This requires combined modeling of transportation and electric power networks. We present such a model that considers interactions between the two networks to develop optimal routing strategies. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective bilevel conic optimization model. The upper level obtains the routing decision by minimizing a function of charging cost and travel time. The routing decision is used in the lower level that solves the AC optimal power flow model, using second order cone constraints, to determine nodal electricity prices. The model is demonstrated using a numerical problem with 24-Node transport network supported by a modified 5-Bus PJM network. The results show that our model yields optimal routes and charging strategies to meet the objectives of fleet operators. Results also indicate that the optimal routing and charging strategies of the electrified transportation fleet can support power networks to reduce nodal prices via demand response.

Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of All-DC Delivered Offshore Wind Farm

The all-DC delivered offshore wind farm has great potential in power engineering application due to its advantages in large capacity and long distance delivery. Considering the cost and reliability, the all-DC wind farm can be connected to the onshore grid via the Line-Commuted Converter High Voltage Direct Current (LCC-HVDC) but more interaction may also occur in the form of sub-/super-synchronous oscillations. In order to analyze the stability issue of such offshore wind farm system, the DC-port impedance are firstly established for the aggregated wind farm based on permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and LCC-inverter by using the harmonic linearization method, where the power outer loop cascaded by the current inner loop of PMSG wind farm and the phase-lock loop (PLL) of the LCC inverter are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the interaction between these two subsystems is analyzed based on the stability criteria through their impedance characteristics. Finally, simulation results are conducted by reproducing the time-domain oscillation in order to evaluate the effectiveness of impedance model for the all-DC delivered offshore wind farm system.

Exploring non-traditional learner motivations and characteristics in online learning: A learner profile study

The growth and uptake of educational technology has significantly reshaped the delivery of distance and online learning. With an unprecedented number of learners engaging with online modes of education, there is a growing need to understand the underlying student enrolment motivations, goals and learning behaviours evolving from a highly diverse student population. Research in learning analytics has advanced the use of digital data to understand student learning processes. However, there remains a limited understanding of how non-traditional learner characteristics, needs and motivational factors influence their learning behaviour and engagement strategies. Survey data from 232 students enrolled in fully online degree programs at a large public research university in Australia has been examined and used to represent 1687 students that have not completed the survey. To characterise the larger population of students, we combined their demographics, digital trace data, and course performance to provide richer insights of non-traditional learners in online learning. Data science approaches are applied, including an unsupervised machine learning technique that revealed the results of six unique learner profiles, clearly differentiated by their motivation, demographic, engagement and performance. While the findings show that each learner profile faces unique study challenges, there are also unique opportunities associated with each profile that could be utilised to improve their learning outcomes. The practical implications of the study on teaching practices are further discussed. • Non-traditional learners enrolment motivation is valuable for personalisation when combined with heterogeneous online data. • Moderate to high engagement do not necessarily translate to better academic outcomes. • Non-traditional learners defined by motivation for enrolment, engagement and demographics may be prone to poorer outcomes. • Online programs tend to attract several distinct types of non-traditional learners. • We provide a methodology for profiling learners utilising a diverse set of student data.

Political prioritization of early childhood education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative policy analysis of low- and middle-income countries

Despite strong evidence of its importance to the welfare of children and societies, early childhood education has been comparatively neglected as a policy priority both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper seeks to understand what factors have contributed to the relative lack of priority for early childhood education in distance learning and school reopening plans by applying a political prioritization framework to the pandemic context in 4 low- and middle-income countries: Ethiopia, Jamaica, Liberia, and Pakistan (Punjab Province). Some aspects of the pre-COVID-19 status quo which disfavored early childhood education have continued, including a lack of cohesive support from civil society and a greater focus by international partners on norm promotion and technical assistance than financing. In other respects, the pandemic put early childhood education at an even greater disadvantage. These include perceptions that early childhood education is less suited to distance delivery than other levels of education, concerns about young children's ability to comply with health protocols, and competition with high-stakes examinations for education ministries’ attention. Previous country experience with pandemics (in Liberia) and a strong coordinating entity (in Jamaica) were mitigating factors. These results point to an urgent need to elevate priority for early childhood education in more normal times and to capture the lessons of COVID-19 to improve the resilience of early childhood education in future crises.

Distance Delivery of Function-Based Skill Training for Providers in Rural Settings

Children with diagnosed disabilities, teachers and classroom staff, and families living in rural areas have difficulty accessing any and all behavioral services, including parent training, due to a lack of providers, distance to clinics, cost of transportation, low income and/or inadequate health insurance, and confidentiality concerns from living in small communities. In this study, Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) was used to train early childhood professionals on how to implement Prevent–Teach–Reinforce for Young Children, which is a step-by-step manualized approach to the assessment and treatment of challenging behavior that reflects a commitment to evidence-based practice. Results of the pilot study, study limitations, and future directions are discussed.

Teachers’ Critical Challenges and Opportunities in Modular Distance Delivery

This paper explores the challenges and opportunities in Modular Distance Delivery. Data was collected from elementary schools of Bayugan City Division, Philippines. This research applied descriptive-quantitative-correlational method. The subject of this research are the Elementary teachers in Bayugan City Division Philippines. The study revealed that, support from the school in crafting modules for modular distance learning is very important to make an effective and efficient material for effective instructional delivery. It further explains that there is no significant difference among teachers’ critical challenges and opportunities in modular distance learning delivery. This means that the participants profile does not define their effectivity. No matter what the challenges in terms of modular distance learning delivery they do not back out they pass through it. The result of the study recommends to the DepEd School heads and administrators to support on crafting educational modules to create a well-crafted instructional material to address the needs of the learners especially in modular distance learning. Aside from that, teachers also ensure that the modules created suits to the needs of the learners.

A Tale of Two Pandemic Semesters: Examining the Longitudinal Impact of COVID-19 on Student Online Learning and Behaviors

In the Spring of 2020, colleges and universities around the world joined primary and secondary education providers and businesses of all types in moving to an online, socially distant environment. Seen as necessary to stem the relentless spread of COVID-19, a deadly contagion, the move dramatically impacted lives, livelihoods and social connections. In the Spring 2020 Semester, six weeks after the State of Louisiana issued a “stay at home” order, resulting in a move to 100% distance delivery of coursework, students at a public university in the state were surveyed for this research project as to the impact of the pandemic on their use of technology, social media, and online learning. Likewise, seven months later, at the end of the Fall 2020 Semester, students at the same university were again surveyed as to the impact of the move to using online technologies for everything from learning to shopping, communications, entertainment and more. Findings related to the use of technology and the impact of digital learning among respondents were investigated and compared between the groups to determine changes in online technology use for learning and more over time during this critical period during the coronavirus pandemic. The article concludes with a look ahead and an examination of areas for future research.

Editorial

More than one year after the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, we release a delayed Issue #3, Fall 2020, of CJLT. As an education journal, we were not immune to the effects of the pandemic. Most authors and reviewers work in some sector of education, as does the editorial team of the journal. The demand on education to continue near-normal delivery, while keeping students safe, created innovative responses alongside unskillful use of varying types of distance delivery and technology-enabled learning. The illumination of the complexity, challenges, and, for some, the benefits of such alternative education delivery methods is unprecedented. Insight, debate, and critique on the topics of remote teaching and the more sophisticated online design and delivery is more common than it was a year ago.