Distal Shoe Research Articles

How qualified is online information regarding space maintainers? A content-quality and readability analysis

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability, quality, and readability of information regarding space maintainers on English websites using different scales. Materials and Methods: The selected search terms 'space maintainer', 'band and loop', 'distal shoe space maintainer', 'nance appliance', and 'lingual arch' were searched by four search engines (Yahoo, Bing, Yandex, and Google), and 992 websites were recorded. The websites were evaluated using the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) instruments. Results: Among the 90 websites included in the study, Professional Health Organization (PHO) websites had significantly higher DISCERN scores in all sections and total (p0.05). Only 3 (3.3%) provided all JAMA criteria and PHO websites scored significantly higher than the others in almost all categories (p

A novel pre-formed distal shoe eruption guidance appliance in chairside management of early loss of primary second molar: a case report

Preservation of the primary teeth until exfoliation is one of the most important aspects of preventive and interceptive dentistry. Premature loss of the second primary molar before the eruption of the permanent first molar may lead to space loss that results in tooth size/arch length discrepancy. Early loss of a second primary molar is a challenge to paediatric dentists if the first permanent molar has not erupted. A space maintainer of the intra-alveolar type assists in controlling the eruption of the permanent first molar in these circumstances. This report describes the case of space maintenance in a 3-year-old girl for whom the primary second molar was extracted owing to a poor prognosis. A pre-formed intra-alveolar space maintainer, which in this case was a Roche's distal shoe type, was given and followed up for 12 months. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This pre-formed distal shoe space maintainer gives the advantage of reduced chairside time, more stability and strength, and is better accepted by the child.

Evaluation of Efficiency of Distal Shoe Space Maintainer: A Systematic Review

Aim: A space deficiency in the dental arch may result from the early loss of a second deciduous molar before the eruption of the first permanent molar. In this circumstance, the Distal Shoe Space Maintainer (DSSM) is recommended to prevent space loss. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this device. Materials and Methods: PUBMED, Cochrane libraries, Google scholar, Ebsco, and Science Gov. were all thoroughly searched. The effectiveness of DSSM as measured by patient tolerance and gingival response to DSSM was our main outcome goal. Also, we evaluated each study’s quality and design. Results: Eleven publications that fit the criteria for inclusion were examined after duplicates were removed. These papers were eventually chosen and thoroughly examined. The studies provided insufficient details regarding the efficacy of space maintenance or gingival response to the DSSM. Conclusion: The main concern is to provide maximum benefit to the patient with minimum discomfort, maximum effectiveness, more cooperation and less chair-side time which can be achieved by the modified distal shoe appliance when compared with the conventional, as it was more stable and required less chair-side time. Though the appliances were designed keeping all the basic requirements in mind, it is firmly recommended to assess more patient-centered outcomes of DSSMs.

MODIFIED BONDED DISTAL SHOE APPLIANCE DESIGNED FOR A PATIENT HAVING INADEQUATE ABUTMENTS: A CASE REPORT

Distal shoe appliance (DSA) is an important tool in paediatric dentistry for space maintenance, when there is a premature loss of primary second molar, for guiding the un-erupted permanent rst molar. The purpose of our case report is to discuss the design and fabrication of a modied DSA. In this modied appliance, the primary mandibular incisors were bonded and the primary mandibular canines were banded which were used as abutments for eruption guidance of un-erupted permanent mandibular molars. This appliance was retained in the oral cavity for 8 months until the eruption of rst permanent molars on either side of the arch. It is therefore, a noteworthy and a novel design which can be used for eruption guidance of permanent molars, if at all there be a clinical scenario where there are inadequate abutments due to early loss of all primary molars bilaterally.

Modified Intra-alveolar appliance — Case report

Arch space/ Tooth size discrepancy occurs whenever there is a early loss of the deciduous molars which eventually leads to malocclusion. Prevention of this discrepancy has always been a challenge for a pediatric dentist. This case report describes modified bilateral distal shoe appliance fabricated due to inadequate abutment support.

Space Maintainer: A Review

Space maintainers are useful incases of deciduous teeth to protect the dentition from malposition,impaction,crowding,etc. They can also be used inmixeddentition. Various types of space maintainersare there forParticular treatment. This is mainly aimed atthe management of space in children. This article mainly aimsat Bandandloop,Distal shoe, and trans palatal arch space maintainers.

Distal Shoe Space Maintainer for the Premature Loss of Primary Second Molar in a 5-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report

Uneventful loss of deciduous second molar, afore the eruption of first permanent molar could lead tounadorned malocclusion due to undesired loss of space in the arch, tipping, crowding of the dental archand many other dental problems. So, to avoid further occlusal complications, it is desirable to place a spacemaintainer after successful extraction of the carious primary molar. This case report describes the removalof a primary mandibular second molar, followed by delivery of a distal shoe appliance before the eruptionof the first permanent molar.

Willet’s distal shoe appliance for early loss of second deciduous molar: A case report with 2 year follow up

Abstract
 The possibilities for space loss are even higher when second primary molars are lost early because they serve as a buttress for the eruption of first permanent molar. Distal shoe space maintainer is indicated in such type of cases. It is otherwise known as intra-alveolar appliance. In this article, we report the successful use of the distal shoe space maintainer in a 4yr old child.

A modification of distal shoe appliance for premature loss of primary second molar-comparison with Willet's appliance: Report of four cases

Primary dentition is important for space maintenance, mastication, speech, and development of occlusion, premature loss of which results in space loss, deep bite, crowding, tooth impactions, and midline shift. Deciduous second molar guides the erupting first permanent molar which uprights in position after following the forward and upward path of eruption. Prevention of the space loss due to premature loss of primary second molar always been a challenge for pedodontists. Several designs of guiding appliances are proposed, the most common design being the Willet's appliance. Willet's design unable to provide broad contact often results in dislodgment of the vertical arm, slipping, and rotation of erupting molar. In this article, a modified design of the distal shoe has been compared with three other cases with Willet's appliance.

Modified Distal Shoe Appliance for Bilateral Early Loss of Primary Molars: Report of Four Cases

Modified Distal Shoe Appliance for Bilateral Early Loss of Primary Molars: Report of Four Cases

The use of Distal Shoe Space Maintainer in Pediatric Dentistry; A Systematic Review

Objectives: Early loss of a second deciduous molar before the eruption of first permanent molar can lead to space deficiency in the dental arch. The Distal Shoe Space Maintainer (DSSM) is indicated in such situation to avoid space loss. We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of this appliance. Methods/Statistical Analysis: We performed a comprehensive search on PUBMED, Cochrane libraries, LILACS and EMBASE. Our primary outcome measure was the effectiveness of space maintenance. Other outcome measures were the gingival response and patient’s tolerance to DSSM. We also assessed the design and quality of each study. Findings: Six articles which met our inclusion criteria were analyzed. Insufficient information was given in the studies regarding the efficacy in space maintenance or gingival response to the DSSM. The appliance was well tolerated by patients in 4 studies. Application/Improvement: Neither the efficacy of DSSM nor the gingival response to it has been investigated in the available studies. There is evidence that patients tolerate the DSSM well. The studies were shown to be of poor design and quality. Keywords: Distal Shoe Space Maintainer, Space Management Malocclusion

Modified willet's distal shoe pressure appliance

Prematurely missing primary molars lead to various problems, and space loss is one of them. When primary second molar is lost before the eruption of first permanent molar, it can cause space loss due to mesial drifting. Various distal shoe space maintainers are available, but in bilaterally lost primary second molars it is difficult. Willet's appliance is usually used as a fixed space maintainer, and when the molars are in the soft tissue it is advocated to use pressure appliance to guide the permanent molar in its functional position. In this article fixed pressure appliance, that is, modified Willet's appliance was used successfully in prematurely lost primary mandibular second molars, with 1-year follow-up.

Modified Distal Shoe Appliance for Multiple Loss of First and Second Primary Molars.

A 4.5-year-old boy reported to the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry complaining of pain and recurrent swelling in lower right back region of the jaw since five days. The patient was well oriented and did not have any contributory medical history. No abnormality was detected in the general and extra-oral examinations. Intra-oral examination revealed that both the mandibular first and second primary molars on the right side (FDI teeth No. 84,85) and the mandibular second primary molar on the left side (FDI tooth No. 75) had deep carious lesions and were judged to be non-restorable. The teeth were tender to palpation. The mandibular first primary molar on the left side (FDI tooth No. 74) had a multi-surface carious lesion not involving the pulp [Table/Fig-1]. The gingival tissue surrounding the first and second primary molars on the right side (FDI teeth No. 84,85) was inflamed and the buccal vestibule slightly obliterated. Radiographic examination revealed a radiolucency involving the furcation of both the mandibular first and second primary molars of the right side (84,85) and the mandibular second primary molar of the left side (75) along with external root resorption. A multi-surface carious lesion, not approaching pulp, was seen on mandibular left primary first molar (74). The mandibular first permanent molars on both sides showed Nolla’s Stage V of tooth development [Table/Fig-2]. In addition, smooth surface caries were seen on upper and lower anteriors. Based on clinical and radiographic examination a diagnosis of apical periodontitis was made and extraction of mandibular left second molar (75) and mandibular right first and second molar (84,85) followed by fabrication of a space maintainer was planned. Parental consent for the same was taken. Study models were obtained and a space analysis (using Huckaba’s method) revealed approximately 2mm of space available per side. The mandibular left primary first molar (74) was restored using a pre-formed stainless steel crown. A 125X0.04mm band was adapted around the mandibular right primary canine. Impressions were made in alginate and models obtained along with the crown and the band on the respective teeth. A 1mm (19 G) Hard Round Stainless Steel (HRSS) wire was used for fabrication of the appliance. The extension of the horizontal and vertical arms was determined using radiographs (after adjusting for the radiographic error). A vertical slit of the desired depth was made on the model and the wire was adapted accordingly. Following adaptation, the wire was soldered to the crown and the band respectively. The mandibular molars indicated for extraction were extracted under local anaesthesia and the appliance was seated in place. Radiographs were taken to check the horizontal and vertical extension of the appliance [Table/Fig-3] and the appliance was then cemented using Type I Glass Ionomer Cement on the same appointment following haemostasis [Table/Fig-4]. The patient was recalled after three days to assess wound repair and stability of appliance. Subsequently the patient was placed on a monthly recall. The recall after 10 months showed erupted permanent first molars [Table/Fig-5,​,6];6]; the space maintainer was well accepted by the child and we were satisfied and optimistic about the future of his dentition. This appliance would be eventually replaced with a bilateral fixed space maintainer like lingual arch following complete eruption of the permanent first molars and incisors.

Utilización de Zapatilla Distal debido a pérdida prematura de una segunda molar temporal: Reporte de caso

The maintenance of the temporal dentition until its natural replacement is very important, due to the fact that the primary pieces are the ones in charge to secure the permanent pieces’ space, in addition to guide the eruption process. The premature loss of temporal pieces could lead to: decrease in arch perimeter, desviation of the mid line, malocclusions, ectopic eruptions, crowding, impact and/ or extrusion of permanent pieces, abnormalities in the mucous and acquisition of parafunctional habits. If early second molars extracted, can be used as a distal shoe maintainer; which is a complicated and sensitive technique, plus it is not suitable for all patients.This case report describes the use of a distal shoe in the inferior quadrant of a 5 years old child, the technique used, advantages and disadvantages of the appliance, also monitoring for one year.

Zapata distal con corona de acero para el mantenimiento del espacio en dentición decidua: caso clínico

Cuando los segundos molares deciduos se pierden antes de la erupción del primer molar permanente, esta indicado un tipo de mantenedor de espacio intra-alveolar. Como solución a los problemas derivados de la pérdida total o parcial del diente primario, que permitan el restablecimiento de sus funciones adecuadamente. se describe un caso clínico del mantenedor de espacio tipo zapata distal con corona de acero prefabricada, en un niño de 5 años 2 meses.

Fixed Functional Distal Shoe Appliance for Bilateral Loss of Deciduous Molars

Pediatric dentistry aims at preserving the deciduous teeth till its normal time of exfoliation as it maintains the integrity of the dental arches. Premature loss of deciduous teeth might lead to a wide range of implications such as the mesial migration of the erupting permanent first molars as well as the supra eruption of the opposing dentition. In such cases the intra alveolar type of space maintainer is given however such an appliance may not fulfill all the needs. So, modification of these conventional designs will be required. This paper describes a new design for distal shoe appliance in cases of bilateral loss of primary first and second molars prior to the eruption of the permanent mandibular first molars.

Optimal fit of chairside-fabricated distal shoe space maintainer

Premature loss of a primary second molar may lead to space loss in the dental arch. This space loss tends to be more severe in unfavourable malocclusions. The distal shoe space maintainer (DSSM) may be beneficial in controlling the path of eruption of an unerupted permanent first molar from the primary into the early mixed dentition. This article describes the technique for achieving optimal fit of a chairside-fabricated band and DSSM in a single visit by contouring the distal shoe blade, and by extending it to the mesial surface of the permanent first molar. Upon the eruption of the permanent first molar DSSM may be modified to a reverse band-and-loop, or replaced by a lingual holding arch.

Knowledge and attitude of some Nigerian dentists concerning the use of space maintainers in Dentistry

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the knowledge and attitude of some Nigerian dentist concerning the use of space maintainers in dentistry. Method: Structured and self administered questionnaires were sent to 60 dentists in Ibadan and Ile -Ife towns in the South - West region of Nigeria. Information required include respondent\'s biodata, year of graduation, specialty, knowledge of space maintainer, how often it is recommended, reasons for not recommending, and the types usually recommended. Result: Forty Six (70.6%) dentists comprising 63% females and 37% males responded to the questionnaire. All respondents were familiar with space maintainers but 28 (60.8%) claimed that they had never recommended it before. A number of reasons were given for not recommending space maintainers Fifty percent (50%) of those who had never recommended claimed that there was no orthodontic technician to fabricate it and that it was an expensive procedure, 39.2% claimed it was due to lack of appropriate dental materials needed for its fabrication, 7.1% claimed that the children may not cooperate and 7.1% claimed that parents did not want it for their children. The commonest space maintainer used by the dentists was the removable partial denture (71.8%) followed by Band and Loop (28.2%). None used lingual arch and distal shoe. Conclusion : The most commonly used space maintainer in this environment is the removable partial denture. All 46 dentists agreed that space maintainers help in preventing malocclusion and subsequently agreed to recommend space maintainers if the required materials were available and whenever it was necessary to do so. Keywords : Space maintainer, knowledge, attitude, Nigerian dentists Nigerian Dental Journal Vol. 15 (1) 2007: pp. 23-26

Clinical Technique: Removable Appliance Therapy for Space Maintenance Following Early Loss of Primary Molars

Background: Premature loss of the second primary molar, prior to the eruption of the first permanent molar in the absence of the second primary molar, may lead to mesial movement and migration of the permanent molar before and during its eruption. The traditional appliance has been the distal shoe space maintainer, but fabrication and placement can be quite complicated. Clinical technique: The use of the removable appliance is described and advocated, although this treatment method was described over 20 years ago but has not gained widespread use. The purpose of this paper is to reintroduce the technique and present its clinical use allowing the permanent molar to erupt into proper position. Treatment: Acrylic removable appliances, these days with multi-coloured acrylics to make them attractive to children, are used. A minimum amount of wire clasps may be used for retention of the appliance. Ball clasps and 3/4 clasps are recommended and seldom are Adam’s clasps used. In most cases, the appliance is used as an interim treatment, however, if the appliance is to be present long term, its design will need to take into consideration canine movement and development. Follow-up: This should be at 3 month intervals with an emphasis on good oral hygiene and cleaning of the appliance.

Treatment Planning for the Distal Shoe Space Maintainer

Treatment planning for the distal shoe space maintainer has been discussed, focusing on those factors of occlusion which should be considered in the total management of space during the course of treatment from the primary dentition through the mixed dentition. The major points discussed were the following: 1. Factors affecting the need for a distal shoe appliance. 2. Advantages and disadvantages of the nonfunctional and the functional appliance designs. 3. Developmental factors of occlusion affecting the design and alteration of the distal shoe appliance and the indications for additional appliance therapy in the mixed dentition. Awareness of these factors should help the dentist develop a sound long-range treatment plan, establish better communication with parents at the beginning of treatment, and achieve a better result in his efforts to manage the proper development of occlusion for his young patient who has lost a second primary molar prior to the eruption of the first permanent molar.