Dissolved Organic Carbon In Solution Research Articles

Leaching characteristics of metals from recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP)

Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) are two construction waste products that are commonly used in the road construction industry. Besides many advantages, pollutants leaching from RCA and RAP are highlighted as the most concerning environmental issue. This study investigated metals leaching characteristics from RCA and RAP due to the variations in key influential factors of pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), compaction and liquid to solid ratio (L/S). The leaching tests for RCA and RAP were carried out separately and additionally, the standard leaching test was conducted as the benchmark for leaching investigations. Study outcomes revealed that the combined influences of factors are variable for RCA and RAP, while influences are also variable for individual metals. L/S ratios considerably affect the release of metals from RCA under saturated conditions, facilitating high metal concentrations in the leachate. On the other hand, acidic solutions are more favourable for leaching of metals from RAP. The influence of DOC in solution was minimal on the metal leachability. Interestingly, the increased degree of compaction with a higher density of materials presented the highest negative influence on metal leachability, suggesting that the metal leachability can significantly reduce, in particular when the RCA and RAP are used for the sub-base layers of road structure with a higher degree of compaction. However, the use of these recycled materials under field conditions should be further studied as there is an increasing concern of metal leaching from RCA and RAP with respect to recreational and drinking water thresholds.

An improved method for isotopic and quantitative analysis of dissolved organic carbon in natural water samples.

A wet chemical oxidation (WCO) method has been widely used to obtain the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and carbon isotope (δ13CDOC) ratios. However, it is sometimes difficult to get high precision results because not enough CO2 was oxidized from the natural water samples with low DOC concentrations. This improvement primarily aims to increase the water sample volume, improve the removal rate of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and minimize the blank DOC from the standard solution. Following the improved procedure, the δ13C ratios of standardized DOC solutions were consistent with their actual values, and their differences were less than 0.2‰. The improved method demonstrated good accuracy and stability when applied to natural water samples with DOC concentrations ≥0.5 mg L-1, with the precisions of DOC concentrations and δ13C ratios were better than 0.07 mg L-1 and 0.1‰, respectively. More importantly, this method saved much pre-treatment time and realized batch processing of water samples to obtain their DOC contents and isotope ratios.

Water brownness regulates the bioavailability of a fluoroquinolone antibiotic: UV-absorbance as a predictor of ciprofloxacin ecotoxicity

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a powerful regulator of the ecotoxicity of ciprofloxacin (CIP), a widely applied fluoroquinolone antibiotic. In this study, we investigated the impact of DOC from a variety of sources on CIP bioavailability, using a cyanobacteria growth inhibition test with Microcystis aeruginosa. We analyzed the impact from two perspectives: (1) DOC concentration, and (2) water brownness, defined in this work as the light absorbance of DOC solutions. The toxicity tests were conducted with (1) unprocessed freshwater DOC in the naturally occurring state, (2) DOC extracted from a freshwater stream (Schwarzbach stream, Küchelscheid, Belgium), and (3) the commercial DOC product Suwannee River organic matter. Across all DOC sources investigated, a strong negative correlation was observed between CIP ecotoxicity and light absorbance at four wavelengths across the ultraviolet–visible range (e.g., A350), whereas CIP ecotoxicity correlated poorly with the DOC concentration. In addition, the interactions between CIP and DOC were modelled as a CIP-DOC binding process to allow the quantification of the inhibitory effects of DOC on CIP toxicity via binding constants (Kd,CIPx, with x being the ionic charge + or +/−, L g−1). Processed DOC sources showed higher binding potency than most of the unprocessed DOC sources, suggesting that toxicity tests employing only processed DOC potentially overestimates the impact of DOC in natural environments. Nonetheless, the light absorption coefficient (i.e., ε350) appeared a reliable predictor of the Kd,CIP+/− (and thus of the potential of the DOC source to reduce ecotoxicity of CIP) of both processed and unprocessed DOC. The relationship can be further incorporated into model simulations to estimate CIP bioavailability in dynamic environments. It is concluded that the brownness of water is a better predictor of the impact of DOC on CIP bioavailability than the DOC concentration itself.

Soil dissolved organic carbon leaching characteristics of the coastal saline seepweed wetlands in the Wuleidaowan national wetland

As the most active component of soil TOC (Total Organic Carbon), DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) is either adsorbed by the soil and used by plants or transported by soil water into the water column, where it participates in the broader carbon cycle. As a substantial "mobile carbon pool" in soils, its leaching process is an essential pathway for the loss of soil TOC. This paper analysed the investigated the leaching characteristics of soil DOC by simulating leaching in an indoor soil column based on the spatial distribution of soil TOC and DOC contents in order to reveal the leaching and migration characteristics of soil DOC at different depths and its main influencing factors. The DOC content of soil leachate varies somewhat under conditions such as PH and soil phosphorous content. However, the overall trend is that the DOC content of soil leachate generally increases with the depth of the soil layer. The DOC content in the soil leachate gradually decreased with increasing leaching time. In the absence of exogenous carbon recharge, the loss of TOC from the upper layers of the soil was significantly more remarkable due to the prolonged leaching. In addition, soil TOC loss declined after leaching and decreased significantly with increasing soil depth. Because the soil DOC is adsorbed and trapped in other layers during leaching, the DOC in the upper layer was always lost during the leaching test. The experiments used highly concentrated DOC solutions as drench solutions. According to the analysis of the intensity of the fluorescence centres of each soil layer in the three-dimensional fluorescence pattern of the drench solution of each soil layer, the ability of different soil layers to adsorb and retain organic matter of different fractions differs. In addition, the selected soil layers planted with Saline seepweed show a general decreasing trend in the ability to adsorb and retain organic matter as the depth increases.

Photo-Fenton degradation of sulfamethoxazole using MIL-53(Fe) under UVA LED irradiation and natural sunlight

The MOF MIL-53(Fe) was synthesized, activated and evaluated in photo-Fenton reactions assisted by UVA LED irradiation and natural sunlight using the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as a degradation target molecule. A 23 full factorial design of experiments was carried out in order to determine the effects of several parameters' influence on the degradation of SMX. The effect of different operational parameters such as pH, hydrogen peroxide and catalyst concentration was analyzed, and tests of reuse of the catalyst were performed. Likewise, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), iron leached from the MIL-53(Fe) structure and H2O2 consumption were monitored, and the degradation products of the reaction were identified. The use of MIL-53(Fe) as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst using natural sunlight as an irradiation source allowed the degradation of 96% of the SMX in solution in just 120 min under near-neutral conditions. Likewise, removal of 30% of the DOC in solution was achieved, being the leached iron concentration less than 0.20 mg L−1, a value within the quality standard of water intended for human consumption imposed by the European Union (Directive 98/83/CE). Efficiency and stability after multiple cycles postulate the MOF MIL-53(Fe) as a potential heterogeneous catalyst to be considered in the development of alternative water purification systems based on the photo-Fenton process. An appropriate combination of solid-state characterization and chemical analysis techniques were applied, including PXRD, DRS, ZP, SEM, FTIR, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS/MS, and UV-Vis, which provided the experimental evidence that supports this study.

Removal of heavy metals from contaminated paddy soils using chemical reductants coupled with dissolved organic carbon solutions

General acid washing is commonly used to treat heavy metal-contaminated soils, but it is sometimes difficult to achieve remediation aims in severely polluted soils. If we expose the surfaces of Fe oxide minerals to reductive dissolution during washing treatment, more of the metals initially adsorbed to these surfaces will be liberated, which may encourage the removal of heavy metals. Initially, the metal extraction capabilities of nine chemical reductants were compared in ten soil samples polluted by Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni. Sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) were screened for subsequent intensive research. In summary, the Na2S2O4 solutions had higher Cr, Cu, and Zn removal rates than either the FeSO4 or acid solution. Application of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) further increased the removal of heavy metals by complexation. About 15%, 86%, 32%, and 52% of the Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni, respectively, were removed from the representative soil (M-2) by two-stage washing using 0.2 M Na2S2O4 coupled with 1,500 mg L−1 DOC solution at pH 2.0. Meanwhile, most soil fertility was preserved: ammonium nitrogen was increased 3.9 times; the increase in exchangeable potassium was 33%; and the reduction in available P was only 10%.

Fate and stability of dissolved organic carbon in topsoils and subsoils under beech forests

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from Oa horizons has been proposed to be an important contributor for subsoil organic carbon stocks. We investigated the fate of DOC by directly injecting a DOC solution from 13C labelled litter into three soil depths at beech forest sites. Fate of injected DOC was quantified with deep drilling soil cores down to 2 m depth, 3 and 17 months after the injection. 27 ± 26% of the injected DOC was retained after 3 months and 17 ± 22% after 17 months. Retained DOC was to 70% found in the first 10 cm below the injection depth and on average higher in the topsoil than in the subsoil. After 17 months DOC in the topsoil was largely lost (− 19%) while DOC in the subsoil did not change much (− 4.4%). Data indicated a high stabilisation of injected DOC in the subsoils with no differences between the sites. Potential mineralisation as revealed by incubation experiments however, was not different between DOC injected in topsoil or subsoils underlining the importance of environmental factors in the subsoil for DOC stabilisation compared to topsoil. We conclude that stability of DOC in subsoil is primary driven by its spatial inaccessibility for microorganisms after matrix flow while site specific properties did not significantly affect stabilisation. Instead, a more fine-textured site promotes the vertical transport of DOC due to a higher abundance of preferential flow paths.

Experimental rainwater divalent mercury speciation and photoreduction rates in the presence of halides and organic carbon

Mercury (Hg) photochemical redox reactions control atmospheric Hg lifetime and therefore play an important role in global Hg cycling. Oxidation of Hg(0) to Hg(II) is currently thought to be a Br-initiated two-stage reaction with end-products HgBr2, HgBrOH, HgBrONO, HgBrOHO. Atmospheric photoreduction of these Hg(II) compounds can take place in both the gas and aqueous phase. Here we present new experimental observations on aqueous Hg(II) photoreduction rates in the presence of dissolved organic carbon and halides and compare the findings to rainfall Hg(II) photoreduction rates. The pseudo first-order, gross photoreduction rate constant, kred, for 0.5 μM Hg(II) in the presence of 0.5 mg/ L of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is 0.23 h−1, which is similar to the mean kred (0.15 ± 0.01 h−1(σ, n = 3)) in high altitude rainfall and at the lower end of the median kred (0.41 h−1, n = 24) in continental and marine waters. Addition of bromide (Br−) to experimental Hg(II)-DOC solutions progressively inhibits Hg(II) photoreduction to reach 0.001 h−1 at total Br− of 10 mM. Halide substitution experiments give Hg(II)Xn(n-2) photoreduction rate constants of 0.016, 0.004 h−1, and < detection limit for X = Cl−, Br−, and I− respectively and reflect increasing stability of the Hg(II)-halide complex. We calculate equilibrium Hg(II) speciation in urban and high-altitude rainfall using Visual Minteq, which indicates Hg(II)-DOC to be the dominant Hg species. The ensemble of observations suggests that atmospheric gaseous HgBr2, HgCl2, HgBrNO2, HgBrHO2 forms, scavenged by aqueous aerosols and cloud droplets, are converted to Hg(II)-DOC forms in rainfall due to abundant organic carbon in aerosols and cloud water. Eventual photoreduction of Hg(II)-DOC in aqueous aerosols and clouds is, however, too slow to be relevant in global atmospheric Hg cycling.

Distribution characteristics of poly-brominated diphenyl ethers between water and dissolved organic carbon from anaerobic digestate: Effects of digestion conditions

It is becoming increasingly urgent to investigate the partition coefficients (expressed as log KDOC values) of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) present in wastewater. In the current study, after 72 h of equilibration, the concentrations of four common PBDEs were measured in the presence of four DOC solutions from two laboratories and two full-scale anaerobic digestion plants. Sixteen log KDOCs were determined by calculation and unit conversion. The results for the laboratory samples, such as log KDOCs for 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromodiphenyl ether being 6.38 and 5.46 at different reaction temperatures during the cultivate procedure, suggest that a thermophilic environment promotes the solubility of PBDEs to a greater extent than mesophilic conditions. DOC composition directly influences the solubility of PBDEs, even at the same cultivating temperature: the highest log KDOCs for 2,2′,4,4′,5,6′-hexabromodiphenyl ether were 6.71 and 6.33 in different full-scale plant digestates. A linear regression with an R2 of 0.9863 was used to construct a model describing the potential relationship between log KDOC and the composition of DOC, which includes proteins, polysaccharides and lipids, and which takes into account the positions of bromine atoms, for use in predicting the log KDOC values of PBDEs in different water systems.

Contribution of the vertical movement of dissolved organic carbon to carbon allocation in two distinct soil types under Castanopsis fargesii Franch. and C. carlesii (Hemsl.) Hayata forests

The vertical transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important determinant of carbon distribution across a soil profile. The transport of DOC down a soil profile can be largely influenced by incoming DOC and soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, which insulate DOC from adsorption processes regulated by soil texture and Fe/Al mineralogy. Uncertainties about how soil properties affect DOC transport through the soil profile require study because soils can differ strongly with respect to texture or Fe/Al mineralogy and yet retain similar quantities of DOC. This study aimed to assess the role of incoming DOC and native SOC in regulating DOC migration in soils and investigate the contribution of DOC movement to SOC allocation. We leached a standard DOC solution extracted from Castanopsis carlesii litter through two distinct soil types, using two leaching strategies: single leaching and sequential leaching. The two soil types under a natural Castanopsis carlesii (Hemsl.) Hayata forest and a natural Castanopsis fargesii Franch. forest, respectively, differ strongly with respect to soil texture, Fe/Al oxide abundances, and SOC nature. With single leaching, where each of six soil layers making up an entire 0–100-cm soil depth profile received single doses of standard DOC solution, deeper soil layers retained more DOC than upper soil layers, with native SOC largely masking the effects of soil texture and Fe/Al mineralogy on DOC migration. Following sequential leaching, where a sixfold larger amount of standard DOC solution sequentially percolated through the six soil layers, the upper soil layers generally retained more DOC than deeper layers. Nevertheless, in sequential leaching, desorption-induced transfer of carbon from upper soil layers to deeper soil layers resulted in greater total carbon retention than in single leaching. Forest subsoils (40–100 cm) are well below C saturation, but DOC vertical movement from top soils only transfers limited organic carbon to them. However, DOC vertical movement may greatly alter SOC allocation along the top soil profile (0–40 cm), with part of outer sphere native SOC displaced by incoming DOC and migrating downwards, which is a natural way to preserve SOC.

SOC Effects on Diethyl Phthalate Sorption to Four Soils in China

Purpose: Phthalate esters (PAEs) are commonly detected in agricultural soils of China, which can post potential threats to human health. Understanding their sorption to soils is important in assessing their transport and bioavailability in environment. Limited research focuses on the influence of soil organic carbon (SOC) on PAEs adsorption to soils at different depths and increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) after adsorption. Materials and Methods: Batch sorption experiments of diethyl phthalate (DEP) to four types of soils were conducted in this study, including black soil, fluvo-aquic soil, paddy soil, and red soil. Total concentration of solute DEP and the concentration of free DEP not sorbed to DOC were measured with HPLC. The UV absorbance of supernatant was measured and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm was calculated for DOC aromaticity. Sorption isotherms of DEP to soil particles were fitted to the Langmuir model and the Freundlich model. Results and Discussion: Partial SOC can dissolve to DOC in solution, and 47.4- 89.4% of total DEP can be sorbed to DOC. Increasing DEP in solution can enhance aliphatic SOC dissolving. The sorption coefficients of DEP are higher to fluvo-aquic soils (Koc for surface soils 1820 L kg-1 and subsurface soils 1388 L kg-1) than to other soils (<520 L kg-1), which indicates that SOC fractions of different soils have varied affinity to DEP. Conclusions: SOC plays an important role in DEP sorption to soil particles. Soil samples from surface layers have higher affinity than those from subsurface layers. DOC from SOC in solution is important for DEP transport in soil, and organic pollution can accelerate SOC dissolving.

Remediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soil Using Alkaline Extractable Organic Carbon Solution Prepared from Wine-Processing Waste Sludge

ABSTRACTPast studies have shown that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) washing can effectively remove heavy metals from contaminated soil. In this study, we used alkaline DOC solutions for remediation of arsenic (As)-contaminated soil (with an initial As concentration in the topsoil of 390 mg kg−1). The removal of As and the change in soil nutrients during DOC washing were studied for 60 min at pH 10 with a 60:1 liquid/soil ratio (v/m). Approximately 88% of As was removed by washing the soil twice using a 3000 mg L−1 DOC solution at 25°C. Following this treatment, the pH of the soil had increased from 5.6 to 9.2; organic carbon content had increased from 3.5% to 4.1%; cation exchange capacity, ammonium-N, and available phosphorus had increased to 2.3, 1.4, and 6.6 times their original levels, respectively; and exchangeable K, Na, Ca, and Mg had increased to 91, 6.1, 4.2, and 2.2 times their original levels, respectively. A sequential extraction investigation revealed that residual As and easily exchangeable As in the fraction were initially 10.2% and 9.2%, respectively, but that the former became the maximum remainder (64%) after the ultimate DOC washing.

Redox-induced mobilization of copper, selenium, and zinc in deltaic soils originating from Mississippi (U.S.A.) and Nile (Egypt) River Deltas: A better understanding of biogeochemical processes for safe environmental management

Studies about the mobilization of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in deltaic soils can be challenging, provide critical information on assessing the potential risk and fate of these elements and for sustainable management of these soils. The impact of redox potential (EH), pH, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), sulfate (SO42−), chloride (Cl−), aliphatic dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and aromatic dissolved organic carbon (DAC) on the mobilization of copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) was studied in two soils collected from the Nile and Mississippi Rivers deltaic plains focused on increasing our understanding of the fate of these toxic elements. Soils were exposed to a range of redox conditions stepwise from reducing to oxidizing soil conditions using an automated biogeochemical microcosm apparatus.Concentrations of DOC and Fe were high under reducing conditions as compared to oxidizing conditions in both soils. The proportion of DAC in relation to DOC in solution (aromaticity) was high in the Nile Delta soil (NDS) and low in the Mississippi Delta soil (MDS) under oxidizing conditions. Mobilization of Cu was low under reducing conditions in both soils which was likely caused by sulfide precipitation and as a result of reduction of Cu2+ to Cu1+. Mobilization of Se was high under low EH in both soils. Release of Se was positively correlated with DOC, Fe, Mn, and SO42− in the NDS, and with Fe in the MDS. Mobilization of Zn showed negative correlations with EH and pH in the NDS while these correlations were non-significant in the MDS. The release dynamics of dissolved Zn could be governed mainly by the chemistry of Fe and Mn in the NDS and by the chemistry of Mn in the MDS. Our findings suggest that a release of Se and Zn occurs under anaerobic conditions, while aerobic conditions favor the release of Cu in both soils. In conclusion, the release of Cu, Se, and Zn under different reducing and oxidizing conditions in deltaic wetland soils should be taken into account due to increased mobilization and the potential environmental risks associated with food security in utilizing these soils for flooded agricultural and fisheries systems.

Attapulgite as Potential Adsorbent for Dissolved Organic Carbon From Oily Water

The adsorption capacity of attapulgite, a natural clay, for the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from oily water was investigated in a batch system. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism associated with the removal of DOC by attapulgite. The effectiveness of attapulgite to adsorb DOC was investigated as a function of equilibrium time, initial DOC concentration, solution pH, temperature, and attapulgite concentration. Two particle sizes of attapulgite were used, granular (1 mm) and powder (0.25 mm). In most cases, the equilibrium data fit best with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum monolayer coverage was found to be 31 mg/g for granular and 65 mg/g for powder attapulgite. The separation factor, RL, from the Langmuir isotherm and, n, the constant from the Freundlich isotherm indicated favorable adsorption. Changes in the pH of the oily water had no significant influence on the adsorption capacity. The adsorption follows the pseudo‐second order model. The governing transport mechanisms in the sorption process appear to be both external mass transfer and intra‐particle diffusion. The adsorption process was found exothermic in nature. The Langmuir isotherm model equation was adopted to design a single‐stage batch absorber for DOC adsorption onto attapulgite. The study demonstrated that attapulgite can be utilized as a potential alternative low‐cost adsorbent for the removal of DOC from oily water.

Reclamation of zinc-contaminated soil using a dissolved organic carbon solution prepared using liquid fertilizer from food-waste composting

A liquid fertilizer obtained through food-waste composting can be used for the preparation of a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) solution. In this study, we used the DOC solutions for the remediation of a Zn-contaminated soil (with Zn concentrations up to 992 and 757mgkg−1 in topsoil and subsoil, respectively). We then determined the factors that affect Zn removal, such as pH, initial concentration of DOC solution, and washing frequency. Measurements using a Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) revealed that carboxyl and amide were the major functional groups in the DOC solution obtained from the liquid fertilizer. Two soil washes using 1,500mgL−1 DOC solution with a of pH 2.0 at 25°C removed about 43% and 21% of the initial Zn from the topsoil and subsoil, respectively. Following this treatment, the pH of the soil declined from 5.4 to 4.1; organic matter content slightly increased from 6.2 to 6.5%; available ammonium (NH4+-N) content increased to 2.4 times the original level; and in the topsoil, the available phosphorus content and the exchangeable potassium content increased by 1.65 and 2.53 times their initial levels, respectively.

Removal of Dissolved Organic Carbon from Oily Produced Water by Adsorption onto Date Seeds: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

The feasibility of date seeds as a new low-cost natural adsorbent for the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from oily produced water was investigated. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism associated with the removal of DOC and to find the best equilibrium isotherms and kinetic models for DOC removal in batch adsorption experiments. The effect of various physicochemical parameters such as initial DOC concentration (18.5–93.5 mg/L), solution pH (4–9), temperature (25–45 °C), and date seeds dosages (0.5–2.0 g) was evaluated. The equilibrium stage was attained after a contact time of 120 min. The maximum DOC removal was 82 % for 93.5 mg/L of DOC concentration. The equilibrium data were well represented by the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of date seeds was found to be 74.62 mg/g. The separation factor, R L, from the Langmuir equation and the Freundlich constant, n, indicated a favorable adsorption. The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption of DOC is governed by both surface and pore diffusion. The results revealed that the DOC uptake decreases when temperature and pH increases. The adsorption process has been found exothermic in nature, and the thermodynamic parameters were determined. The Langmuir isotherm model equation was adopted to design a single-stage batch absorber for DOC adsorption onto date seeds. The study demonstrated that date seeds can be considered as a promising low-cost adsorbent for the removal of DOC from oily produced water.

Low‐molecular‐weight organic acids enhance desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil

SummaryThe impact of low‐molecular‐weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on desorption of phenanthrene and pyrene as representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a contaminated soil was investigated by using a laboratory batch experiment. Three LMWOAs were used in this study and were citric, oxalic and malic acids. The LMWOAs in aqueous solution promoted desorption of PAHs from soil significantly and demonstrated an increasing trend as the concentration of LMWOAs increased. When compared with desorption of phenanthrene and pyrene from soil to water, the addition of LMWOAs enhanced desorption of test PAHs by up to 285 and 299%, respectively. Among the three LMWOAs studied, citric acid demonstrated the greatest efficiency in promoting PAH desorption from soil. Solutions of LMWOA continuously promoted PAH removal from soil during the multiple cycles of desorption. Overall, the experimental results suggest that LMWOAs in aqueous solution could disrupt soil organic matter (SOM)–metal cation–mineral linkages in soils, resulting in the release of SOM from soil and simultaneous increase of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in solution. The loss of SOM from soil and increase of DOC in solution are responsible for the enhanced PAH desorption from soil. The positive correlation between DOC in solution and desorbed PAHs from soil suggests that the loss of SOM from soil plays an important role in LMWOA‐enhanced desorption of PAHs from soil.

可溶性有机碳在米槠天然林不同土层中的迁移特征

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 可溶性有机碳在米槠天然林不同土层中的迁移特征 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201310272590 作者: 作者单位: 福建师范大学地理科学学院,湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地,湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地,福建师范大学地理科学学院,湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地,湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学青年基金项目(31100467); 福建师范大学优秀青年骨干教师培养基金(fjsdky2012008); 国家自然科学基金重点项目(31130013); 福建省自然科学青年基金项目(2011J05105); 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(优先发展领域)(20113503130001) Transport characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in different soil horizons in natural Castanopsis carlesii forest Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology,State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology,State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology,State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology,State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology,State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:选取我国中亚热带典型的常绿阔叶林米槠天然林(Castanopsis carlesii)为研究对象,采集林内米槠凋落物并通过挖剖面法分6个土层采集土样至1 m。通过浸提米槠凋落物得到可溶性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)溶液并在室内模拟其在不同土层的淋溶过程,不仅分析了土壤性质对DOC淋溶的影响,还研究了淋溶前后DOC化学结构的变化,以阐明DOC在不同土层中的迁移特征及影响因素,探寻米槠天然林土壤的固碳潜力和DOC在土壤有机碳循环中的作用。结果表明:(1)下层土壤比上层土壤吸附DOC的能力更强,亲水性DOC与疏水性DOC间会争夺土壤颗粒表面的吸附位点,而且芳香化合物和大分子物质等疏水性DOC组分会被优先吸附;(2)红外光谱表明,芳香类和醚类等疏水性物质会优先被吸附,烷烃类物质却不易被吸附,土壤中原有的酚、醇类亲水性物质会被初始DOC中的疏水性物质置换出来;(3)土壤DOC的截留能力与粘粒、游离氧化铁含量呈极显著正相关,而与土壤有机碳和砂粒含量呈极显著负相关,其中土壤有机碳的含量是影响米槠天然林不同土层DOC截留量的关键因素。 Abstract:Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a mixture of organic compounds with varying molecular sizes and weights. In forest ecosystems, litterfall is a major aboveground resource of DOC, which supplies soils with carbon as a crucial component of terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. During the migration of litterfall-derived DOC from topsoils to subsoils, soils might retain, transform, or release DOC, depending on the chemical nature of DOC and its interactions with soil surfaces. These physicochemical processes contribute considerably to soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation. It is generally accepted that soil properties have a great influence on the interaction between soil surface and DOC, with Fe/Al oxides constraining DOC losses and high SOC content being usually negatively correlated to DOC sorption. However, an inconsistency still remains regarding the extent to which soils properties impact DOC movement. In some cases topsoils rich in SOC might demonstrate higher DOC retention capacity. Although subsoils with abundant Fe/Al oxides are considered to have a stronger DOC retention capacity, relatively lower SOC content is often found in subsoils, and direct evidence for their higher carbon sequestration potential is rare. One reason for this maybe the amount of DOC from aboveground litterfall, which is not sufficient and little DOC can reach subsoils. Another reason might be that highly sorptive DOC is preferentially absorbed by topsoils, and DOC that reaches subsoils has a weak affinity for soil surfaces. Supplying individual soil horizons with a common DOC solution is thus a good way to differentiate their carbon sequestration capacities. Natural Castanopsis carlesii forests are dominant evergreen broad-leaf forests in mid-subtropical China, and interaction between litterfall derived DOC and red soil (Ferralic Cambisols, World Reference Base) is now recognized as one of the most important mechanisms of C sequestration in this region. To solve inconsistencies about factors controlling DOC translocation in soils and to provide direct information to differentiate carbon sequestration potential between soil horizons, a 200-year-old natural Castanopsis carlesii forest without human interference was selected for undecomposed litter collection and soil sampling at the depth of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm, 80-100 cm from each of the three profiles in the site. After extracting DOC from the collected litter with ultrapure water, we supplied individual soil cores with the common DOC in the laboratory. We not only analyzed the influences of soil properties on DOC interception, but also studied the changes in structural composition of DOC before and after leaching. The results showed that: (1) DOC interception in subsoils was greater than that in topsoils. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic DOC competed for binding sites on soil surfaces, and aromatic compounds and macromolecular substances of hydrophobic components were preferentially adsorbed by soils; (2) infrared spectrum suggested that hydrophobic materials such as aromatic substances and ethers were much more ready to be adsorbed than alkane materials, while indigenous hydrophilic substances such as phenols, alcohols could be displaced by hydrophobic components of DOC; (3) there was significant positive correlation between DOC interception and the content of clay and free iron oxide and significant negative correlation between DOC interception and the content of sand and soil organic carbon. Soil organic carbon content was the key factor affecting DOC interception in different soil horizons in natural Castanopsis carlesii forest. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

A novel high-temperature combustion based system for stable isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in aqueous samples. II: optimization and assessment of analytical performance.

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays an important role in carbon cycling, making precise and routine measurement of δ(13)C values and DOC concentration highly desirable. A new promising system has been developed for this purpose. However, broad-scale application of this new technique requires an in-depth assessment of analytical performance, and this is described here. A high-temperature combustion Total Organic Carbon analyzer was interfaced with continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TOC/IRMS) for the simultaneous analysis of the bulk DOC concentration and δ(13)C signature. The analytical performance (precision, memory effects, linearity, volume/concentration effects, accuracy) was thoroughly evaluated, including realistic and challenging conditions such as low DOC concentrations and natural DOC. High precision (standard deviation, SD predominantly ≤ 0.15 ‰) and accuracy (R(2) = 0.9997) were achieved for the δ(13)C analysis of a broad diversity of DOC solutions. Simultaneously, good results were obtained for the measurement of DOC concentration. Assessment of natural abundance and slightly (13)C-enriched DOC, a wide range of concentrations (~0.2-150 mgC/L) and injection volumes (0.05-3 mL), demonstrated minor/negligible memory effects, good linearity and flexible usage. Finally, TOC/IRMS was successfully applied to determine low DOC concentrations (<2 mgC/L) and DOC from diverse terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments (SD ≤ 0.23 ‰). TOC/IRMS enables fast and reliable measurement of DOC concentrations and δ(13)C values in aqueous samples, without pre-concentration and freeze-drying. Further investigations should focus on complex, saline matrices and very low DOC concentrations, to achieve a potential lower limit of 0.2 mgC/L. Thus, TOC/IRMS will give DOC research in terrestrial and aquatic environments a huge impulse with high-resolution, routine δ(13)C analysis.

Remediation of lead-contaminated soil using dissolved organic carbon solutions prepared by wine-processing waste sludge

Wine-processing waste sludge and alkaline substances, including KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and Mg(OH)2, were employed to prepare various dissolved organic carbon (DOC) solutions for remediating a Pb-contaminated cropland by soil washing. The Pb concentrations were 5340 and 4920mgkg−1 in the topsoil and subsoil, respectively. Aqueous solution treatment, general DOC treatment, and enhanced DOC treatment were proposed as treatments for the reclamation and determination of the factors affecting the removal of Pb, such as pH, initial concentration of the DOC solution, temperature, and washing frequency. The aqueous solution treatment could not remove sufficient Pb and therefore failed in the reclamation. Approximately 86.5% Pb was removed from the topsoil at pH2.0 by the general DOC treatment undergoing two wash cycles. However, over 90% Pb was removed from the subsoil under the same conditions; only the final Pb concentration in the subsoil met the control standard, 500mgkg−1. About 93% Pb in the topsoil could be removed at pH3.0 by the enhanced DOC treatment, which was performed using a 2500mgL−1 DOC solution containing abundant Ca2+ and Mg2+ at an 80:1 liquid/soil ratio (v/v) at 40°C for 60min. Meanwhile, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, NH4+-N, as well as exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg contents increased by 125%, 22.6%, 107%, 577%, 55.3%, and 306%, respectively, and the pH in the topsoil decreased to 3.7. The use of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 not only prevented washing losses of the exchangeable Ca and Mg but also increased Pb removal by 20%. However, its use decreased the availability of P in the soil.