Dissolution Problem Research Articles

Electrolyte additive strategy to eliminate hydrofluoric acid and construct robust cathode electrolyte interphase for 4.6 V Li||LiCoO2 batteries

The high voltage of Li||LiCoO2 battery can increase the energy density. However, the cycling performance associated with cathode structural stability remains challenging. To address this question, we proposed an electrolyte strategy for improving the performance of 4.6 V Li||LiCoO2 battery by using trimethylsilyl isocyanate (TMIS) as electrolyte additive. The trimethylsilyl group of trimethylsilyl isocyanate can trap HF while the isocyanate group brings polyamide components to the CEI and the SEI. By the synergistic action, the Co3+ dissolution problem of the LiCoO2 cathode was effectively curbed. Furthermore, TMIS regulates the construction of anion-dominated LiF-rich SEI by influencing the solvation structure of Li+. As expected, the 4.6 V Li||LiCoO2 battery with trimethylsilyl isocyanate retains 77.9% initial capacity after 200 cycles at 0.5 C.

One-step oil bath preparation of cobalt-doped MnO2/coconut activated carbon composite with superior zinc ion storage performance

MnO2 is a prospective cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, bare MnO2 usually suffers from large volume change and dissolution problems. In this work, Co-doped MnO2/coconut activated carbon composite (Co-β-MO/CAC) has been successfully synthesized by a one-step oil bath method. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) tests demonstrate that both the Co doping and the incorporation of coconut activated carbon can effectively reduce the electrochemical reaction resistance of MnO2 and improve the intercalation and deintercalation abilities of H+ and Zn2+. The combined effect of the Co doping and CAC compositing has resulted in excellent electrochemical property of Co-β-MO/CAC. After 120 cycles at 0.2 A g−1, the capacity of Co-β-MO/CAC increases from 224.7 mAh g−1 to 436.7 mAh g−1. Moreover, the composite can also deliver a high reversible capacity of 233.2 mAh g−1 after 900 cycles at 0.5 A g−1.

A pore-scale lattice Boltzmann model for solute transport coupled with heterogeneous surface reactions and mineral dissolution

In this paper, we propose a pore-scale lattice Boltzmann model to simulate fluid flow coupled with heterogeneous surface reactions and mineral dissolution. The primary innovation lies in the transformation of surface reactions, originally treated as a boundary condition, into a volume-source term through dimensional augmentation within the framework of sharp liquid–solid interfaces. This significantly simplifies the implementation, particularly for reactions occurring in porous media with intricate geometric structures. Several benchmark tests were performed to validate the accuracy of this model, including a reaction–diffusion problem in a rectangular domain, a two-dimensional reaction and dissolution of a circular grain, as well as a three-dimensional calcite crystal dissolution in a micro-channel. All the obtained simulation results agree well with the reference solutions. In addition, a dissolution problem in a three-dimensional porous medium built with the sand pack is then investigated. Cases with different Péclet numbers (Pe) and Damköhler numbers (Da) were simulated, and five dissolution modes were obtained, which were finally summarized in a diagram of Pe and Da.

Quasi-3D fracture acidizing simulation based on discrete virtual internal bond method

Fracture acidizing (FA) is the most effective stimulation technique for carbonate reservoirs. It involves the hydro-chemical coupling process. To more efficiently simulate FA, a quasi-3D discretized virtual internal bond (DVIB) is developed, in which a certain height is assigned to each bond and the rock is considered to consist of heterogeneous quasi-3D bond cells. The fracture is allowed to transversely cut through these bond cells. The macro fracture aperture fluctuation is characterized by the various apertures embedded in micro bonds. As the acid fluid flows through the fracture, the acid dissolves the bond to widen the aperture. The bond permeability is associated with the its aperture. Through this approach, the complicated hydro-chemical coupling process is reduced to 1D bond dissolution problem, which significantly improves the efficiency of FA simulation. The simulation examples show that the acid reactant transportation, the acid etching behaviors and the fracture acidizing process can be well simulated. It provides an efficient approach to FA simulation.

Reviving Cost-Effective Organic Cathodes in Halide-Based All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

The evolution of inorganic solid electrolytes has revolutionized the field of sustainable organic cathode materials, particularly by addressing the dissolution problems in traditional liquid electrolytes. However, current sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium-organic batteries still face challenges such as high working temperatures, high costs, and low voltages. Here, we design an all-solid-state lithium battery based on a cost-effective organic cathode material phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and a halide solid electrolyte Li2ZrCl6. Thanks to the good compatibility between PQ and Li2ZrCl6, the PQ cathode achieved a high specific capacity of 248 mAh g-1 (96 % of the theoretical capacity), a high average discharge voltage of 2.74 V (vs. Li+/Li), and a good capacity retention of 95 % after 100 cycles at room temperature (25 °C). Furthermore, the interactions between the high-voltage carbonyl PQ cathode and both sulfide and halide solid electrolytes, as well as the redox mechanism of the PQ cathode in all-solid-state batteries, were carefully studied by a variety of advanced characterizations. We believe such a design and the corresponding investigations into the underlying chemistry give insights for the further development of practical all-solid-state lithium-organic batteries.

Reviving Cost‐Effective Organic Cathodes in Halide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

AbstractThe evolution of inorganic solid electrolytes has revolutionized the field of sustainable organic cathode materials, particularly by addressing the dissolution problems in traditional liquid electrolytes. However, current sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state lithium‐organic batteries still face challenges such as high working temperatures, high costs, and low voltages. Here, we design an all‐solid‐state lithium battery based on a cost‐effective organic cathode material phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and a halide solid electrolyte Li2ZrCl6. Thanks to the good compatibility between PQ and Li2ZrCl6, the PQ cathode achieved a high specific capacity of 248 mAh g−1 (96 % of the theoretical capacity), a high average discharge voltage of 2.74 V (vs. Li+/Li), and a good capacity retention of 95 % after 100 cycles at room temperature (25 °C). Furthermore, the interactions between the high‐voltage carbonyl PQ cathode and both sulfide and halide solid electrolytes, as well as the redox mechanism of the PQ cathode in all‐solid‐state batteries, were carefully studied by a variety of advanced characterizations. We believe such a design and the corresponding investigations into the underlying chemistry give insights for the further development of practical all‐solid‐state lithium‐organic batteries.

Reconfiguring the Hydrogen Networks of Aqueous Electrolyte to Stabilize Iron Hexacyanoferrate for High‐Voltage Decoupled Cell

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) as insertion‐type cathodes have attracted significant attention in various aqueous batteries to accommodate metal or non‐metal ions while suffering from serious dissolution and consequent inferior lifespan. Herein, we reveal that the dissolution of PBAs primarily originates from the locally elevated pH of electrolytes that are caused by proton co‐insertion during discharge. To address this issue, a water‐locking electrolyte (WLE) has been strategically implemented, which interrupts the generation and Grotthuss diffusion of protons by breaking the well‐connected hydrogen bonding network in aqueous electrolytes. As a result, the WLE enables the iron hexacyanoferrate to endure over 1000 cycles at a 1C rate and supports a high‐voltage decoupled cell with an average voltage of 1.95 V. These findings provide insights for mitigating dissolution problems in electrode materials, thereby enhancing the viability and performance of aqueous batteries.

Upscaling reactive transport models from pore-scale to continuum-scale using deep learning method

Reactive transport modeling of subsurface environments plays an important role in addressing critical problems of geochemical processes, such as dissolution and precipitation of minerals. Current transport models for porous media span various scales, ranging from pore-scale to continuum-scale. In this study, we established an upscaling method connecting pore-scale and continuum-scale models by employing a deep learning methodology of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We applied Darcy-Brinkmann-Stokes (DBS) method to simulate the fluid flow and reactive transport in pore-scale models, which would act as constituents of a continuum-scale model. The datasets of spatial pore distribution of subvolume samples were used as the input for the deep learning model, and the continuum (Darcy)-scale parameters such as permeability, effective surface area, and effective diffusion coefficient were figured out as outputs (i.e., labels). By applying the trained models of the subvolumes in the entire sample volume, we generated the initial field of porosity, permeability, effective diffusion coefficient, and effective surface area for continuum-scale simulation of a mineral dissolution problem. We took an acid dissolution case as an example to utilize the outcomes of trained deep learning models as input data in the continuum-scale simulation. This work presents a comprehensive upscaling workflow, as bridging the findings of microscale simulations to the continuum-scale simulations of a reactive transport problem.

Dissolution and antioxidant potential of apigenin self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for oral delivery

Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) have been used to improve the oral bioavailability of various drugs. In the current study, apigenin was developed as SNEDDS to solve its dissolution problem and enhance oral bioavailability and antioxidant potential. SNEDDS were prepared by mixing Gelucire 44/14, Tween 80, and PEG 400 under controlled conditions. The droplet of diluted SNEDDS demonstrated a spherical shape with a size of less than 100 nm and a neutral charge. The very fast self-emulsification was obtained within 32 s, and the transmittance values exceeded 99%. The highest drug loading was 90.10 ± 0.24% of the initial load with the highest %encapsulation efficiency of 84.20 ± 0.03%. FT-IR and DSC spectra showed no interaction between components. The dissolution in buffer pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8 showed significantly higher dissolved apigenin than the apigenin coarse powder. The dissolution profiles were fitted to the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetics. The cellular antioxidant activities in Caco-2 cells were approximately 52.25–54.64% compared to no treatment and were higher than the apigenin coarse powder (12.70%). Our work highlights the potential of SNEDDS to enhance the dissolution and permeability of apigenin and promote antioxidant efficacy, which has a strong chance of being developed as a bioactive compound for nutraceuticals.

Predicting carbonate rock dissolution using multi-scale residual neural networks with prior knowledge

The factors that affect carbonate dissolution are complex, and it is crucial to acquire efficient and accurate knowledge of carbonate dissolution characteristics for CO2 capture and storage (CCS) projects. In current research, the most precise outcomes can be achieved through experimental or simulation techniques, but they are frequently computationally demanding and time-consuming. Data-driven machine learning methods can efficiently perform regression prediction tasks. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale hierarchical regression model for the dissolution problem based on residual neural networks, incorporating prior knowledge. We have developed new equations for carbonate rock dissolution and have incorporated the factors that influence this process into 3D image data by introducing Dissolution Degree (Dd) parameters. This allows the image data to include both the pore space structure and dissolution information with physical meaning. We utilize the pore phase and matrix phase grayscale thresholds (Pt, Mt) to eliminate voxel noise in the characteristic maps obtained from the model. This ensures that the predicted characteristics of carbonate rock dissolution are consistent with practical physics knowledge. We selected a total of 5 core samples to test the model. Among them, three samples are from the test set, and the additional two core samples selected have strong and weak correlations with the training set samples, respectively. The predictions were evaluated using semantic segmentation evaluation parameters, porosity, geometrical and topological structure parameters, Péclet and Damköhler numbers, porous media flow field simulations, and absolute permeability. The results of both visual comparisons and quantitative analyses demonstrated a high degree of consistency between predicted and experimental results, and the trained multi-scale hierarchical regression residual neural network with prior knowledge (MSR-Net) demonstrates good accuracy and generalization ability. The results of this study demonstrate that model based on MSR-Net can be utilized to predict the dissolution properties of the pore space in the formation where the core was extracted, along with the related formation.

Electropolymerization stabilized bipolar metal coordination complex for high-performance dual-ion batteries

Metal coordination complexes with remarkable redox activity and high working voltage are plagued by their limited specific capacity and sever dissolution problem. A bipolar cobalt-based coordination polymer (CoL) bearing both p-type and n-type active centers was synthesized via the in-situ electropolymerization method with collective merits of multiple redox sites, dual-ion storage capability, and excellent chemical stability. As-prepared electrodes delivered remarkable performances including a high discharge specific capacity of 192.13 mAh/g (at 0.05 A/g), stable cycling over 2000 cycles with 89% capacity retention (at 5A/g), and excellent rate capability. Moreover, the dual-ion storage processes were unveiled by ex-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. It provides insight to design and synthesis of electropolymerized bipolar electrode for high performance dual-ion batteries.

Le Chatelier’s principle to stabilize intrinsic surface structure of oxygen-evolving catalyst for enabling ultra-high catalytic stability of zinc-air battery and water splitting

Well-designed highly active intrinsic surface structure of a catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) often faces the problem of corrosion dissolution, which severely deteriorates its catalytic stability, and breaking this activity-stability trade-off has always been a huge and long-term challenge. Herein, we employ Le Chatelier’s principle to address this dissolution problem of the catalyst to maintain its intrinsic surface structure for highly efficient and ultra-stable OER. Taking highly active but susceptible oxygen vacancy-rich Co-W oxide as the model catalyst for alkaline OER, its dissolving kinetics is significantly passivated by introducing homo ions into the electrolyte to regulate the dissolution equilibrium, thus achieving ultralong operating stability without sacrificing its high activity. The theoretical calculations and in-situ experimental results unravel the underlying mechanism of this strategy, that is, the homo ions (tungstate ions) can be preferentially adsorbed on the catalyst surface to construct a local non-corrosive environment, thus effectively stabilizing the well-designed unsaturated active cobalt sites to maintain the intrinsic surface structure of the catalyst and preventing them from being reconstructed or transformed toward the unfavorable direction. Importantly, this strategy is also effective in zinc-air battery and electrolytic water splitting, achieving ultra-stable performance over 1200 h, which is of great importance for promoting the practical applications of low-cost non-noble metal-based catalysts in energy devices.

Low-Temperature and High-Performance Vanadium-Based Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries have attracted attention due to their low cost and high safety. Unfortunately, dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reactions, cathodic dissolution, and other problems are more serious; not only that, but also the cathodic and anodic materials' lattices contract when the temperature drops, and charge transfer and solid phase diffusion become slow, seriously aggravating dendrite growth. At present, there are few studies on the low-temperature system, and studies on retaining high specific capacity are even more rare. Herein, ethylene glycol (EG) and manganese sulfate (MSO) are selected as additives, and the manganese vanadate (MVO) cathode is used to find a high-performance solution at low temperature. MVO can provide higher specific capacity and better structural stability than MnO2 to adapt to a low-temperature environment. At the same time, Mn2+ in MSO can produce a cationic shield covering the initial zinc tip at an appropriate concentration to avoid the tip effect and inhibit the dissolution of MVO. EG can not only reduce the freezing point of the electrolyte but also promote the desolvation of [Zn(H2O)6]2+. The synergistic effect of the three elements prevents the dissolution equilibrium of Mn2+ in MVO from fluctuating greatly due to the change of temperature. Therefore, when we use EG@0.2 M MnSO4 + 2 M ZnSO4 (EG + 0.2Mn/2ZSO) electrolyte at -30 °C, the Zn||Zn batteries which used this type of electrolyte can remain 350 h at 1 mA cm-2 without failure. The Zn||Cu batteries can retain 100% Coulombic efficiency after more than 2000 cycles at 0.2 mA cm-2. The Zn||MVO battery can reach 231.13 mA h g-1 at its first cycle, and the capacity retention rate is still above 85% after 1000 cycles, which is higher than that of the existing low-temperature research system.

Trilithium salt of tetrahydroxyanthraquinone: A high-voltage and stable organic cathode material for rechargeable lithium metal and lithium-ion batteries

Organic cathode materials (OCMs) have drawn considerable attention for lithium batteries but suffer from unfavorable dissolution problem and thus inferior cycling performance. Salification is a simple approach to restrain the dissolution but most reported lithium-salt-type OCMs are still unable to achieve good cycling stability due to poorly conjugated and/or asymmetric structure. Herein, we report a novel air-stable, largely conjugated, and symmetric organic lithium salt synthesized from 1,4,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone (THAQ), namely Li3THAQ. It possesses a layered crystalline structure with large interlayer spacings, which is relatively stable in the reversible conversion between Li4THAQ and Li2THAQ. Benefiting from this, Li3THAQ exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance within 2.0–3.6 V, including high reversible capacity (192 mAh g−1), high discharge potential (2.93 V vs. Li+/Li), high rate capability (75 % capacity retention at 5000 mAh g−1 vs. 50 mAh g−1), and high cycling stability (95 % capacity retention after 500 cycles). Additionally, it can be also matched with natural graphite anode to construct a Li-ion full-cell, which was rarely reported for OCMs. In brief, Li3THAQ shows great advantages in structure stability, electrochemical performance, and practicability compared to its counterparts, and the in-depth mechanism understanding provides important insights into the development of lithium-salt-type OCMs.

Effect of Oxidative Synthesis Conditions on the Performance of Single-Crystalline LiMn2- x Mx O4 (M = Al, Fe, and Ni) Spinel Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

LiMn2 O4 (LMO) spinel cathode materials attract much interest due to the low price of manganese and high power density for lithium-ion batteries. However, the LMO cathodes suffer from the Mn dissolution problem at particle surfaces, which accelerates capacity fade. Herein, the authors report that the oxidative synthesis condition is a key factor in the cell performance of single-crystalline LiMn2- x Mx O4 (0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.1, M = Al, Fe, and Ni) cathode materials prepared at 1000 °C. The use of oxygen flow during the spinel-phase formation minimizes the presence of oxygen vacancies generated at 1000 °C, thereby yielding a stoichiometrically doped LMO product; otherwise, the spinel cathode prepared in atmospheric air readily loses capacity due to the oxygen vacancies in the structure. As a way of circumventing the use of oxygen flow, a one-pot, two-step heating in air at 1000 °C and subsequently at 600 °C is used to yield the stoichiometric LMO product. The lithiation heating at 1000-600 ⁰C resulted in a significant improvement in the cycling stability of the prepared LMO cathode in graphite-based full cells. This study on oxidative synthesis conditions also confirms the advantage of minimizing the surface area of the cathode particles.

Simulating dual solutions of coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution problems in fluid-saturated heterogeneous porous media

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to establish a solution strategy for obtaining dual solutions, namely trivial (conventional) and nontrivial (unconventional) solutions, of coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution problems in heterogeneous porous media.Design/methodology/approachThrough applying a perturbation to the pore-fluid velocity, original governing partial differential equations of a coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution problem in heterogeneous porous media are transformed into perturbed ones, which are then solved by using the semi-analytical finite element method. Through switching off and on the applied perturbation terms in the resulting perturbed governing partial differential equations, both the trivial and nontrivial solutions can be obtained for the original governing partial differential equations of the coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution problem in fluid-saturated heterogeneous porous media.FindingsWhen a coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution system is in a stable state, the trivial and nontrivial solutions of the system are identical. However, if a coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution system is in an unstable state, then the trivial and nontrivial solutions of the system are totally different. This recognition can be equally used to judge whether a coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution system involving heterogeneous porous media is in a stable state or in an unstable state. The proposed solution strategy can produce dual solutions for simulating coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution problems in fluid-saturated heterogeneous porous media.Originality/valueA solution strategy is proposed to obtain the nontrivial solution, which is often overlooked in the computational simulation of coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution problems in fluid-saturated heterogeneous porous media. The proposed solution strategy provides a useful way for understanding the underlying dynamic mechanisms of the chemical damage effect associated with the stability of structures that are built on soil foundations.

High-Performance Poly(1-naphthylamine)/Mesoporous Carbon Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Ultralong Cycle Life of 45000 Cycles at -15°C.

Organic electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries have attracted significant attention in recent years. Polymer electrode materials, as compared to small-molecule electrode materials, have the advantage of poor solubility, which is beneficial for achieving high cycling stability. However, the severe entanglement of polymer chains often leads to difficulties in preparing nanostructured polymer electrodes, which is vital for achieving fast reaction kinetics and high utilization of active sites. This study demonstrates that these problems can be solved by the in situ electropolymerization of electrochemically active monomers in nanopores of ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3), combining the advantages of the nano-dispersion and nano-confinement effects of CMK-3 and the insolubility of the polymer materials. The as-prepared nanostructured poly(1-naphthylamine)/CMK-3 cathode exhibits a high active site utilization of 93.7%, ultrafast rate capability of 60Ag-1 (≈320C), and an ultralong cycle life of 10000 cycles at room temperature and 45000 cycles at -15°C. The study herein provides a facile and effective method that can simultaneously solve both the dissolution problem of small-molecule electrode materials and the inhomogeneous dispersion issue of polymer electrode materials.

High-Efficiency and Recyclable Green Molten Salt Hydrate Solvent for Cellulose Hydrogels with High Conductivity and Freeze Tolerance

Cellulose, as a sustainable biomass material, has aroused wide attention and has been extensively employed in functional biomaterials. However, due to the strong intra/intermolecular interactions, the dissolution problem has significantly limited its applications. Although different kinds of solvents have been developed, most of them still cannot equilibrate dissolution, recyclability, and functional material preparation, simultaneously. In this work, an efficient and recyclable green solvent─molten salt hydrate (calcium chloride hexahydrate-lithium chloride, CHLH)─was prepared with excellent dissolving ability (high solubility of 7.0 wt %) for cellulose at a low dissolution temperature. Moreover, the CHLH showed good stability and storage properties. The dissolved cellulose could be stored in a solid state at a wide range of temperatures (<65 °C) for more than 3 months while remaining stable. Meanwhile, CHLH exhibited excellent recycling properties. After 5 dissolving–recovering cycles, the recycled CHLH still maintained stable dissolution performance and a high recovery of 92%. More importantly, the advantages of CHLH made the prepared cellulose hydrogel integrate good flexibility, ionic conductivity, and freezing tolerance. When used as a strain sensor, it could not only detect body movements but also identify the motion direction, which would have broad application prospects in flexible electronic devices.

Bioactive small-molecule-based aqueous zinc-organic battery enables long-life and fast-charge performance

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have become a current research hotspot owing to their high security and cost-effectiveness. However, the dissolution of electrode materials, low intrinsic conductivity, and slow reaction kinetics seriously hinder their practical application. Herein, a sulfur-containing organic small molecule (seriniquinone, SQ), which plays a significant role in melanoma treatment, was synthesized and used as electrodes for AZIBs. To address the dissolution problem as well as enhance the electrical conductivity, SQ was further optimized by conductive carbon modification to prepare SQ/CMK-3 composite electrodes. In Zn‖SQ/CMK-3 half-battery, SQ/CMK-3 cathode delivered an initial discharge capacity of 234.4 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and maintained 100.2 mA h g−1 after ultra-long cycles (5000) at the high current density of 1 A g−1. Moreover, a zinc storage mechanism with four Zn2+ between two SQ molecules was proposed based on the density functional theory calculation and confirmed by various ex-situ measurements. Assembled with SQ/CMK-3 composite as both the anode and cathode, the all-organic symmetric battery not only displayed a high reversible capacity of 110.9 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 but also possessed a stable capacity retention rate of 82.4% after 2500 cycles with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.5%.

Solid‐State Batteries Based on Organic Cathode Materials

AbstractOrganic cathode materials (OCMs) possess high resource sustainability, large structural diversity, high theoretical energy density, and potentially low cost, however, suffer from the dissolution problem in liquid non‐aqueous electrolyte. Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) are regarded as the final solution of Li and Na metal batteries because of the intrinsic safety, but hindered by many challenges including the poor contact with rigid inorganic cathode materials. Therefore, applying OCMs in SSBs is probably a win‐win strategy to compensate for their respective deficiency. In this review, some fundamental knowledge of OCMs and SSBs are briefly introduced at first, with emphasis on different types of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). Then the reported works on OCM‐based SSBs are summarized by classifying them into non‐ceramic, semi‐ceramic, and all‐ceramic ones. Finally, we conclude our understandings on the main scientific issues and possible solutions. To sum up, the combination of OCMs and SSBs brings about many new challenges but also opportunities towards their practical application.