Dissociation Of Carbon Dioxide Research Articles

Calculation of heat consumption for dissociation gas combustion products

The influence of temperature and partial pressure on the dissociation of carbon dioxide and water vapor is considered. An original analytical method for determining the degree of dissociation of CO2 and H2O is proposed. The calculation of dissociation parameters was carried out in relation to the conditions of gas combustion in a glass furnace. It has been established that the temperature range of 1500‒1800 oC, corresponding to the operating conditions of glass melting furnaces, is characterized by a relatively low degree of dissociation of CO2 and H2O: 4.23 and 1,26 %, respectively. As a consequence, the relative heat costs for dissociation are insignificant and do not exceed 2,48 %. The degree of dissociation and heat consumption for the endothermic effect increase most intensively at the temperature of the gas combustion products above 1800 °C.

Applications of H2-Enriched syngas and slag products from plastic wastes via novel plasma dual-stage-arc pyrolysis

Sustainable plastic waste management in the prevailing ‘new-normal’ post-pandemic scenario calls for calorific waste plastic up-cycling into high-end product recovery pathways. The present work employed a novel dual-stage arc plasma pyrolysis reactor to recover syngas and slag products from mixed plastics and Low-Density Polyethylene and Polyethylene Terephthalate (LDPE-PET) plastic waste feeds. Syngas product yield decreased while the solid slag yield increased with rising arc current, attaining 75% and 25% for mixed plastic waste feed and 59% and 41% for LDPE-PET wastes, respectively, at 200A arc current. The resultant syngas composition showed 83% and 77% H2 while 1.7% and 2.7% CO for mixed plastic waste-feed and LDPE-PET wastes, respectively, with no significant presence of CO2. Slag characterization studies revealed the presence of scattered pores on the slag surface, graphitic nanostructures due to scraped carbon depositions from electrode tips and the absence of aromatic groups due to complete conversion. High carbon content was observed in the slag due to the dissociation of lighter hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide on dual-arc exposure in two stages, underscoring the higher efficiency. For holistic integrated circular onsite ‘plastic waste-to-resource’ recovery-cum-application, electricity was generated from the resultant syngas and the slag was used for the manufacture of tiles in the community platform. Techno-economic evaluation of an up-scaled plasma pyrolysis facility shows the power recovery of 3.5 kWh/kg of waste plastic, with a net annual profit of $2800 and a payback period of 1.7 years. The findings of the present work suggest that the proposed integrated dual-arc plasma pyrolysis based plastic waste-to-resource recovery in circular-economy model has a viable outcome.

Mechanism study on dissociation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide towards carbon dioxide methanation

The study of carbon dioxide (CO2) methanation mechanisms widely argues on the nature and formation of intermediates. How reactants dissociate is still poorly understood. To gain deeper knowledge on its mechanism, we focused on studying reactants dissociation. After H2 dissociation and diffusion, the spillover H atom was observed, as well as the confirmation of H cluster formation on metal through aggregation by simulation and experiment. This H cluster facilitated C-O bond scission to easily form H ligand cobonded to metal, and thus resulted in high CO2 methanation performance. Four driving forces could dissociate CO2, three of them came from supports and metals, and another one was atomic H on metal as the strongest force. This simple and convenient method has wide adaptability and can be developed as an effective standard method for studying CO2 dissociation. The facile dissociation study of reactants would be very helpful in understanding the CO2 hydrogenation mechanism.

Activation of carbon dioxide on zinc oxide surfaces doped with cerium

AbstractThe adsorption of carbon dioxide on the surfaces of zinc oxide doped with cerium was studied. For this, a theoretical study was carried out using computational simulations based on density functional theory to determine possible improvements in photocatalytic activity. for the capture and dissociation of carbon dioxide. Calculations were performed using density functional theory within the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation, also the Hubbard correction together with ultrasmooth atomic pseudopotentials and a basic plane wave implemented in the Quantum-ESPRESSO package. The doping concentration level considered in this work was 6.25%, among the results, the semiconducting character of zinc oxide was evident from the density of states calculations, it was also found that by adding cerium impurities to zinc oxide, the values of the lengths and angles of the bonds vary a little, this may be due to the small difference in covalent radius that the zinc atom has with respect to the cerium atom, consequently, changes occurred in the electronic properties that consist in intermediate states in the energy bandgap located around the Fermi energy. This may suggest that the cerium-doped zinc oxide system can probably absorb visible light, which could lead to possible improvements in the photocatalytic properties of the material. Furthermore, we found that by adding carbon dioxide to the cerium-doped zinc oxide surface, the carbon dioxide is activated and this could suggest the dissociation or reduction of this contaminant.

Dissociation of methane and carbon dioxide hydrates: Synergistic effects

The dissociation and combustion of methane hydrate samples were studied experimentally in a laboratory-scale combustion chamber with variable thermal conditions. The temperature in the combustion chamber was varied from 800 °C to 1000 °C to reproduce high-potential reactors and combustion chambers. Ignition delays, combustion times, and combustion product compositions were determined for gas hydrates in the form of granules and tablets. Synergistic effects were analyzed from the simultaneous dissociation of methane and carbon dioxide hydrate samples. Critical conditions were determined in which carbon dioxide prevented methane ignition. The definable parameters were determined as functions of the arrangement schemes of two gas hydrates and input experimental parameters, and the corresponding predictive mathematical expressions were obtained. Methane hydrate granules were found to ignite significantly faster than methane hydrate tablets. An increase in the temperature in the combustion chamber was proved advisable in the case of methane hydrate tablets. Granulated hydrate samples ignited consistently in a wide range of temperatures, and the ignition delay times changed negligibly with varying temperature. The methane hydrate combustion stability was analyzed, and a model was developed describing the patterns and predicting the carbon dioxide hydrate flow rate required for fire suppression. Finally, conditions were identified in which the synergistic effects of simultaneously dissociating hydrates with flammable and nonflammable gases would make it possible to effectively manage their safe and sustainable application in the energy industry.

Sustainable assessment of an integrated energy system coupled with solar thermochemical cycle

The energy transition globally makes the development of carbon-free and low-carbon fuels obligatory as these fuels cannot only be utilized as energy carriers but also for long-term energy storage. This paper presents the energy, technoeconomic, and environmental assessment of a new hybrid renewable energy integrated system with a novel concept of the thermochemical cycle for methanol production. For this purpose, a thermochemical cycle based on CeO2/Ce2O3 oxides is integrated with the methanol synthesis system. It consists of two chemical steps: (1) oxygen carrier reduction step where metal oxide reduction Ce (IV) to Ce (III) (endothermic phase) is performed employing renewable thermal energy and chemical energy originated from ultra-high concentrated photovoltaics and fossil methane respectively and (2) waste gas dissociation step where oxidation of Ce(III) takes place with dissociation of water and carbon dioxide (exothermic phase) and resulting syngas is converted to methanol. Plant design and simulation are performed in ASPEN plus commercial software. MATLAB was employed for the programming of thermal data to perform pinch analysis. The technical feasibility of the second step was investigated comprehensively in terms of temperature, input molar ratio and the potential operating conditions that were identified (TOXI = 900 °C and H2O/CO2 = 3.7) based on methanol production performance. Overall energy efficiency, solar-to-fuel efficiency and thermal efficiency are calculated to be 77.2%, 38% and 44.1% respectively. The findings of the environmental analysis show that carbon utilization of 20.85%, carbon storage of 79.14%, carbon capture of 100% and carbon avoidance of 19.6% are achieved. Economic analysis shows that the net project capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenditure (OPEX) are estimated to be $186.49M and $218.67M. It was found that the best-case scenario of natural gas (NG) price is 40$/MWh, where the breakeven point is achieved during the 5th year of the project lifetime.

Molecular insights into the dissociation of carbon dioxide hydrates in the presence of an ionic liquid, [BMIM][PF6

Methane production from hydrate reservoirs using combined CO2and chemical inhibitor injection is a potential method for simultaneous methane recovery and CO2sequestration. Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the dissociation of CO2hydrates in the presence and absence of the ionic liquid, viz., [BMIM][PF6], at 250, 255 and 260 K and pressures ranging from 20 to 60 bar. Effect of [BMIM][PF6] on hydrate thickness has been demonstrated to be not significant by hydrogen bonding and order parameter analyses. Local number density profiles of guest and host molecules show that in presence of this ionic liquid, deviation from hydrate-like behaviour is less than in its absence. This is due to preferential association of CO2with [PF6]- anion. The asymmetry in the density profiles of CO2 and H2O brings out the role of filled and empty partial cages at the interfaces on hydrate dissociation in the presence of [BMIM][PF6].

KINETIC SIMULATON OF CO2 CONVERSION IN LOW-PRESSURE ELECTRODELESS PLASMA

Kinetic model of processes in low-pressure inductively coupled plasma describing the carbon dioxide conversion is presented together with the modeling results. The model takes into account only direct electron impact dissociation of carbon dioxide and is valid at the lowest gas pressures and at a reduced electric field > 150 Td. The influence of the gas mixture composition and the plasma density on the electron distribution function has been studied. In the low power limit when e-e collisions don't play a significant role the EEDF is strongly non-Maxwellian, but with the plasma density increase, EEDF is approaching Maxwellian distribution. Nitrogen and argon were studied as additions to CO2. The influence of the calculated distribution function on the energy efficiency of carbon dioxide conversion has been studied. It was concluded that the electron temperature is the key parameter for the energy efficiency, which increases by a factor of 6 with temperature change from 3 to 10 eV and at Te = 10 eV reaches values of more than 6 %. Comparison of the calculation results with experimental data shows satisfactory agreement.

Ethanol partial oxidative reforming in gliding arc discharge plasma: A better understanding by a kinetic model study

• Ethanol POR in a GAD plasma reactor was studied through experiments and modeling. • A 0-D model was found for elaborating main pathways of reaction processes. • Results of the model were close to experiment results, with the maximum error 8.6%. • Detailed pathways of main products and ethanol were analyzed based on the results. Ethanol plasma partial oxidative reforming process was investigated through experiments and modeling in a gliding arc discharge (GAD) plasma reactor. The effect of oxygen to ethanol (O 2 /EtOH) molar ratio, flux and input power were evaluated according to yields of main products. The highest yields of hydrogen and carbon monoxide are 38.6% and 55.4%, respectively. The excited-state species including C 2 (A 3 Π g -X 3 Π u ), the C 2 Swan band and the second positive system (SPS) of nitrogen were detected by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). A zero-dimension (0-D) model of ethanol plasma partial oxidative reforming containing 457 reactions was established for describing the pathways of reforming processes and calculated by Chemkin-PRO. The detailed pathways of ethanol dissociation and production of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and carbon dioxide were sorted according to the calculation result of Chemkin-PRO. The frame mechanism of ethanol plasma partial oxidative reforming showed the main pathways in the reforming processes.

Mechanisms of Complete Dissociation of CO2 on Iron Clusters.

Dissociation of CO2 on iron clusters was studied by using semilocal density functional theory and basis sets of triple-zeta quality. Fe2 , Fe4 , and Fe16 clusters were selected as the representative host clusters. When searching for isomers of Fen CO2 , n=2, 4 and 16 corresponding to carbon dioxide attachment to the host clusters, its reduction to O and CO, and to the complete dissociation, it was found that the total spin magnetic moments of the lowest energy states of the isomers are often quenched with respect to those of initial reagents Fen +CO2 . Dissociation pathways of the Fe2 +CO2 , Fe4 +CO2 , and Fe16 +CO2 reactions contain several transition states separated by the local minima states; therefore, a natural question is where do the spin flips occur? Since lifetimes of magnetically excited states were shown to be of the order of 100 fs, the search for the CO2 dissociation pathways was performed under the assumption that magnetic deexcitation may occur at the intermediate local minima. Two dissociation pathways were obtained for each Fen +CO2 reaction using the gradient-based methods. It was found that the Fe2 +CO2 reaction is endothermic with respect to both reduction and complete dissociation of CO2 , whereas the Fe4 +CO2 and Fe16 +CO2 reactions are exothermic to both reduction and complete dissociation of carbon dioxide. The CO2 reduction was found to be more favorable than its complete dissociation in the Fe4 case.

Formation and Dissociation of CH4 and CO2 Hydrates in Presence of a Sediment Composed by Pure Quartz Mixed with Ti23 Particles.

The present research deals with the formation and dissociation of methane and carbon dioxide hydrates in a confined environment (small—size reactor) and in presence of a porous sediment of pure quartz impregnated with Ti23 particles. This research is part of a wider study aimed at verifying the possibility to use metallic powders, produced via gas-atomization for applications in additive manufacturing, as additives during the production/dissociation of gas hydrates. The porous medium was used to ensure the presence of Ti23 particles in the whole volume and not only in the lowest portion of the internal volume. For both the guest compounds considered, two Ti23 concentrations were explored, respectively, 8.68 and 26.04 wt%. Under the thermodynamic point of view, the dissociation process well approximated the phase equilibrium (defined with values collected from literature) for both compounds. In addition, the amount of gas trapped into hydrates, evaluated as a function of the initial amount of gas inserted inside the reactor, did not show relevant changes. Conversely, the presence of Ti23 was found to reduce the induction time for both components, thus allowing to define it as a kinetic promoter for the process. Such tendency was found to increase with the concentration.

The Rate Constant of Electron Impact Dissociation of Carbon Dioxide (Analytical Review of Calculation Methods and Known Results)

The Rate Constant of Electron Impact Dissociation of Carbon Dioxide (Analytical Review of Calculation Methods and Known Results)

High-Throughput Screening of Atomic Defects in MXenes for CO2 Capture, Activation, and Dissociation.

The capture, activation, and dissociation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is of fundamental interest to overcome the ramifications of the greenhouse effect. In this regard, high-throughput screening of two-dimensional MXenes has been examined using well-resolved first-principles simulations through DFT-D3 dispersion correction. We systematically investigated different types of structural defects to understand their influence on the performance of M2X-type MXenes. Defect calculations demonstrate that the formation of M2C(VMC) and M2N(VMN) vacancies require higher energy, while M2C(VC) and M2N(VN) vacancies are favorable to form during the synthesis of M2X-type MXenes. The M2X-type MXenes from group III to VII series show remarkable behavior for active capturing of CO2, especially group IV (Ti2X and Zr2X) MXenes exhibit unprecedentedly high adsorption energies and charge transfer (>2e) from M2X to CO2. The potential CO2 capture, activation, and dissociation abilities of MXenes are emanated from Dewar interactions involving hybridization between π orbitals of CO2 and metal d-orbitals. Our high-throughput screening demonstrates chemisorption of CO2 on pure and defective MXenes, followed by dissociation into CO and O species.

The feasibility study of the indium oxide supported silver catalyst for selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol

Silver catalyst has been extensively investigated for photocatalytic and electrochemical CO2 reduction. However, its high activity for selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol has not been confirmed. Here, the feasibility of the indium oxide supported silver catalyst was investigated for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol by the density functional theoretical (DFT) study and then by the experimental investigation. The DFT study shows there exists an intense Ag–In2O3 interaction, which causes silver to be positively charged. The positively charged Ag species changes the electronic structure of the metal, facilitates the formation of the Ag–In2O3 interfacial site for activation and dissociation of carbon dioxide. The promoted CO2 dissociation leads to the enhanced methanol synthesis via the CO hydrogenation route as CO2∗→CO∗→HCO∗→H2CO∗→H3CO∗→H3COH∗. The Ag/In2O3 catalyst was then prepared using the deposition-precipitation method. The experimental study confirms the theoretical prediction. The methanol selectivity of CO2 hydrogenation on Ag/In2O3 reaches 100.0% at reaction temperature of 200 °C. It remains more than 70.0% between 200 and 275 °C. At 300 °C and 5 MPa, the methanol selectivity still keeps 58.2% with a CO2 conversion of 13.6% and a space-time yield (STY) of methanol of 0.453 gmethanol gcat−1 h−1, which is the highest methanol STY ever reported for silver catalyst. The catalyst characterization confirms the intense Ag–In2O3 interaction as well, which causes high Ag dispersion, increases and stabilizes the oxygen vacancies and creates the active Ag–In2O3 interfacial site for the enhanced CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.

The Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Using a Single-Mode Microwave Plasma Generator

This paper focuses on the dissociation of carbon dioxide (CO2) following the absorption processes of microwave radiation by noncontact metal wire (tungsten). Using a microwave plasma generator (MPG) with a single-mode cavity, we conducted an interaction of microwaves with a noncontact electrode in a CO2 atmosphere. High energy levels of electromagnetic radiation are generated in the focal point of the MPG’s cylindrical cavity. The metal wires are vaporized and ionized from this area, subsequently affecting the dissociation of CO2. The CO2 dissociation is highlighted through plasma characterization and carbon monoxide (CO) quantity determination. For plasma characterization, we used an optical emission spectroscopy method (OES), and for CO quantity determination, we used a gas analyzer instrument. Using an MPG in the CO2 atmosphere, we obtained a high electron temperature of the plasma and a strong dissociation of CO2. After 20 s of the interaction between microwaves and noncontact electrodes, the quantity of CO increased from 3 ppm to 1377 ppm (0.13% CO). This method can be used in space applications to dissociate CO2 and refresh the atmosphere of closed spaces.

Experimental study and modeling of the kinetics of carbon-dioxide hydrate formation and dissociation: A mass transfer limited kinetic approach

Kinetics of hydrate formation and dissociation of carbon dioxide studied through experiments carried out at isothermal-isobaric condition in a constant stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Experiments performed at different temperatures and pressure levels. Constant rates of CO2 mole consumption and mole production observed during hydrate formation and dissociation experiments. Accordingly, mass transfer limited hydrate kinetic models were used and mass transfer coefficients for CO2 hydrate formation and dissociation evaluated. It was found that mass transfer coefficients for CO2 hydrate dissociation are one order of magnitude larger than mass transfer coefficients for hydrate formation. The fact indicates that CO2 hydrate dissociation takes faster than formation. The evaluated mass transfer coefficient for CO2 hydrate formation and dissociation correlated as functions of temperature and pressure. The results can be applied for numerical modeling of underground storage of CO2 and simulation of hydrate based CO2 capture processes.

Central venous minus arterial carbon dioxide pressure to arterial minus central venous oxygen content ratio as an indicator of tissue oxygenation: a narrative review.

The central venous minus arterial carbon dioxide pressure to arterial minus central venous oxygen content ratio (Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2) has been proposed as a surrogate for respiratory quotient and an indicator of tissue oxygenation. Some small observational studies have found that a Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 > 1.4 was associated with hyperlactatemia, oxygen supply dependency, and increased mortality. Moreover, Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 has been incorporated into algorithms for tissue oxygenation evaluation and resuscitation. However, the evidence for these recommendations is quite limited and of low quality. The goal of this narrative review was to analyze the methodological bases, the pathophysiologic foundations, and the experimental and clinical evidence supporting the use of Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 as a surrogate for respiratory quotient. Physiologically, the increase in respiratory quotient secondary to critical reductions in oxygen transport is a life-threatening and dramatic event. Nevertheless, this event is easily noticeable and probably does not require further monitoring. Since the beginning of anaerobic metabolism is indicated by the sudden increase in respiratory quotient and the normal range of respiratory quotient is wide, the use of a defined cutoff of 1.4 for Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 is meaningless. Experimental studies have shown that Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 is more dependent on factors that modify the dissociation of carbon dioxide from hemoglobin than on respiratory quotient and that respiratory quotient and Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 may have distinct behaviors. Studies performed in critically ill patients have shown controversial results regarding the ability of Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 to predict outcome, hyperlactatemia, microvascular abnormalities, and oxygen supply dependency. A randomized controlled trial also showed that Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 is useless as a goal of resuscitation. Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 should be carefully interpreted in critically ill patients.

Dissociation of carbon dioxide in arrays of microchannel plasmas

Energy efficiencies above η = 12% have been observed for the nonthermal dissociation of pure carbon dioxide (i.e. in the absence of carrier gas) at atmospheric pressure in arrays of microchannel plasmas. Microplasma ‘chips’ similar to those developed for the plasmachemical production of ozone from O2 or air (Kim et al 2017 Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 226 2923) generate spatially uniform, abnormal glow plasmas in ⩾ 1 atm. of CO2 and consume 1–8 W of average power when driven by sinusoidal or bipolar pulsed voltage waveforms (pulse repetition frequency of 15–20 kHz). Fabricated in nanoporous alumina, the microchannels are 250 µm in width, 150 µm in depth, and 3 cm in length, and the array on each chip typically comprises 12 channels. Intense emission from microplasma arrays, recorded over the ~335–700 nm spectral interval when E/N ≈ 100 Td, is dominated by fluorescence which indicates that both and electronically-excited CO (e.g. CO*) are generated primarily by multistep electron impact processes. Dissociative recombination of the ground state species appears to also be a contributing factor in CO* production. Owing to the modest power consumption and active volume of a single chip, the CO generation efficiency for a single array is 45 g kWh−1 for a CO2 flow rate of 70 sccm and the dissociation efficiency is 4.3%. The connection of four chips in tandem in a commercial module increases the CO2 dissociation efficiency to 20% and ~11% for flow rates of 70 sccm and 200 sccm, respectively. Data acquired with multiple chips confirms the scalability of the CO2 dissociation process, and suggests the economic viability of the commercial production of CO for the synthesis of formic acid, methanol, and syngas.

Breakdown and current-voltage characteristics of DC micro-slit discharges in carbon dioxide

The breakdown voltage and current–voltage characteristics are essential parameters for understanding microplasma discharges and for optimal design of microplasma reactors. A metal–dielectric–metal sandwich configuration, consisting of two molybdenum foils with slit openings of different lengths at the anode, separated by mica layers of different thicknesses d, was used in this study. The measurements were performed in carbon dioxide under pressures from 4 to 40 Torr. It was found that although breakdown curves in carbon dioxide generally follow the conventional Paschen’s law, significant deviations occurred for the different cases in this study. The deviations may be due to the non-uniformity of electric field and the loss of charge carriers by diffusion to the inner wall of the slit. Current–voltage characteristics of the micro-slit discharge for different slit lengths and different pressures are presented. For a single-slit discharge, current–voltage curves are characterized by a positive slope, and the slopes decrease with increasing slit length and operating pressure. For the micro-slit array discharge, the sawtooth shape of the increasing current branch of the current–voltage curve is shown to be due to the change in the number of individual discharges and redistribution of current in the ignited opening slits. The formation of a stable discharge for the micro-slit array without individual ballasting allows the construction of large area, thin plasma sources for dissociation of carbon dioxide.

Molecular-sieve porous graphene as a steady phase of gas chromatography column for dissociation and measurement of nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and gaseous hydrocarbons

A novel gas chromatography stationary phase is introduced for efficient separation of air, nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide, ethane, propane, butane and pentane. Porous graphene was synthesized through a cost-effective approach. The structure and porous texture of the prepared graphene were evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The results confirmed the high porosity and surface area of the synthesized porous graphene. Also, the nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms showed highly microporous structures with the average pore size being < 2 nm, which has high contribution in gas molecules separation. The prepared structure exhibited an excellent chromatography performance and separation efficiency compared with multi-wall, single-wall carbon nanotube and activated carbon. In addition, common problems in GC packed column by nanomaterials, such as avoiding the use of long column, flow rate reduction, agglomeration, packing compression and high back-pressure, were completely addressed; therefore, in order to overcome these problems and fabricate chromatography column 1.8″, stainless steel tubes were used in three lengths of 10, 20, 30 cm. After testing, the 30 cm column was used for determination and separation of the entered gases in continued work. In this experiment, two types of samples were used. The first sample contains air, methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide gases at 40 °C, and the second sample was compared of methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane containing hydrocarbons with temperature action of 40–200 °C. The analytical results demonstrated the superior separation efficiency of porous graphene steady phase for some gas dissociation at 40 °C and good preservative for hydrocarbons C1–C5 (while using ramp up rate of 6 °C/min) in temperature range of 40–200 °C. The packed prepared column also showed high resolution, wide linear range and acceptable repeatability in separation of studying gas mixture. The obtained detection limits obtained were lower than 4.2 ppm.