It is established that during impact-abrasive testing of layered composite materials made of 40X, P40X and rubber steels, the amount of absorbed energy depends not only on the physical and mechanical properties of the materials, but also on the geometric parameters of the elastic-dissipative layer. The impact and abrasive wear resistance of layered composite materials is 1.5-2 times greater than when using wear-resistant steels. A method for determining the deformed state of a rubber elastic-dissipative substrate of layered composite materials is proposed and the effect of stress and strain intensity on the dissipation operation when testing structural steels for impact and abrasive wear resistance is shown. The influence of the heat treatment regime of the 40X steel working layer on the impact and abrasive wear of the SCM is investigated. The mechanism of destruction of the surface of sintered structural steels during impact and abrasive wear has been revealed.