Dissemination Of Safety Information Research Articles

Content Analysis of Food Safety Information in Apple-Drying Recipes from YouTube, Blogs, Cookbooks, and Extension Materials.

Recurrent foodborne outbreaks associated with low-moisture foods prompted this study to evaluate apple-handling practices presented in apple-drying recipes available to United States consumers, and to explore the food safety implications of the recipes. Because little research is available on the safety of home fruit-drying, we conducted a systematic search of English-language apple-drying recipes from YouTube videos, blog articles, cookbooks, and university extension sources. Our evaluation found that most recipes excluded handwashing instructions, and potential cross-contamination practices were evident in 12% of the videos. Bruised or damaged apples were selected for drying in 16% of the videos, two blogs, and five cookbook recipes. Although more than half the blogs and videos demonstrated pre-treatment procedures, they did so predominantly to minimize browning with almost no mention of antimicrobial benefits. Drying temperature information was missing in 41% of the videos and 35% of the cookbooks that we evaluated. Even when temperatures were mentioned, most were insufficient for pathogen reduction according to the recommendations of previous studies. These videos, blogs, and cookbooks commonly advocated subjective indicators instead of unit measurements when slicing apples and checking for doneness. Our findings reveal the need for drastic improvements in food safety information dissemination to home apple-dryers and recipe developers.

Artificial neural network for safety information dissemination in vehicle‐to‐internet networks

AbstractIn vehicular networks, diverse safety information can be shared among vehicles through internet connections. In vehicle‐to‐internet communications, vehicles on the road are wirelessly connected to different cloud networks, thereby accelerating safety information exchange. Onboard sensors acquire traffic‐related information, and reliable intermediate nodes and network services, such as navigational facilities, allow to transmit safety information to distant target vehicles and stations. Using vehicle‐to‐network communications, we minimize delays and achieve high accuracy through consistent connectivity links. Our proposed approach uses intermediate nodes with two‐hop separation to forward information. Target vehicle detection and routing of safety information are performed using machine learning algorithms. Compared with existing vehicle‐to‐internet solutions, our approach provides substantial improvements by reducing latency, packet drop, and overhead.

Bringing safety analytics to the online shopper: evaluating designs for augmenting point-of-sale interfaces with safety information

PurposeThe widespread adoption of online purchasing has prompted increasing concerns about product safety, and regulators are beginning to hold e-commerce sites accountable for dangerous product defects. For online consumers, understanding the many inherent safety risks among the extensive array of products they browse is a formidable task. The authors attempt to address this problem via a client-side software artifact that warns shoppers about potential product safety hazards at the point of sale.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors built four candidate designs and assessed their effectiveness by means of a large randomized controlled experiment (n = 466). The authors define effectiveness as significant changes in dependent variables associated with health behaviors and technology adoption.FindingsThe authors find that all of the designs score high on adoption likelihood, that designs incorporating highlighting and scoring are better at increasing safety knowledge and that simpler designs are better at enhancing safety awareness.Originality/valueThese findings will inform the design of safety information dissemination systems and open new areas of safety awareness enhancement research. More generally, the authors introduce a novel method of testing text visualization variations and their impact on behavioral decisions.

Firework Injuries to the Hand in the United States: An Epidemiological and Cost Analysis.

Although prior literature has evaluated firework injuries broadly, there are no focused investigations examining trends, etiology, and costs associated with firework injuries to the hand. The 2006 to 2014 National Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) was used. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes identified patients presenting to the emergency department with a firework-related injury of the hand that resulted in a burn, open wound, fracture, blood vessel injury, or traumatic amputation. A linear regression model was used to identify significant changes over time, with a significance threshold of P<.05. A total of 19,473 patients with a firework-related injury to the hand were included, with no significant change in the incidence from 2006 to 2014 (7.5 per 1,000,000 population). The greatest number of injuries occurred in July (57.1%), January (7.4%), and December (3.7%). Age groups affected were young adults (18-35 years; 43.6%), older adults (36-55 years; 19.2%), adolescents (12-17 years; 18.6%), and children (0-11 years; 16.1%). Nearly 74% of the injuries resulted in burns, 24.5% resulted in open wounds, 8.0% resulted in fracture, 7.6% resulted in traumatic amputation, and 1.4% resulted in blood vessel injury. Of 14,320 burn injuries, 15.2% had first-degree burns, 69.9% had second-degree burns, and 5.1% had third-degree burns involving the skin. The median emergency department charge was $914 and the median hospitalization charge (for inpatient admittance) was $30,743. Incidence of firework-related injuries to the hand has not changed over time. There is a need for better dissemination of safety information to mitigate the occurrences of these avoidable accidents. [Orthopedics. 2023;46(3):180-184.].

Delay and Energy Optimized Safety Information Dissemination Scheme in V2I Networks

Intelligent Transport System (ITS) is a transport system that uses communicating technologies such as cellular network communication, digital video broadcasting and adhoc wireless communication to link people on the road, vehicles with aim of solving various traffic related issues. Vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication is an important research area to develop cooperative self-driving support system using DSRC technology. V2I develops an environment friendly system that also accelerates the fuel efficiency by establishing high quality links between vehicles to roadside infrastructure. It is a system to prevent and help drivers to overlooking or missing the red lights at junctions. V2I system along the road side and intersections continuously transmit the traffic signal information to vehicles by warning the driver about red lights and thus help us to prevent road rule violations. ITS helps to prevent drivers' oversight about signals right/left turn collision avoidance and timely activation of brake system. In the proposed work we used a three-layer Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) network architecture to collect and disseminate the safety information using static and dynamic agents. These methods help us to quickly selecting high quality error free links to forward the data packets. In a highway road scenario with moderate traffic density, the proposed system gives an improved performance in terms of coverage area, lossless transmission and reduced latency. Finally, qualitative comparison is made with present V2I system and found significance improvement in its performance metrics. The outcome of the proposed system improved by 23%, 13%, 15% compared to the existing system in terms of end-to-end delay, communication overhead and energy consumption respectively considering V2I network architecture.

Current Situation and Future Prospect on Dissemination of Safety Information to Medical Institutions by Clinical Study Sponsors

Current Situation and Future Prospect on Dissemination of Safety Information to Medical Institutions by Clinical Study Sponsors

Policing of Drug Safety Information Dissemination Under the False Claims Act.

On July 25, 2017, the second largest multi-million dollar settlement was pursued with the assistance of the Department of Justice and alleging inappropriate marketing strategies utilized by the pharmaceutical industry came to an end.

INFORMATION-FLOW-BASED SAFETY EDUCATION (IFSE): AN INDISPENSABLE PERSPECTIVE ON SAFETY EDUCATION

Any systems can be expressed by and connected with information. For the safety education system, doing so is essentially a process of safety information dissemination and cognition. Therefore, information is the core of the safety education system. At present, the key factors affecting the effectiveness of safety education are safety demand analysis information, the dissemination and cognitive processes of safety information and information feedback. Research on the construction of a framework model for safety education under the guidance of information flow clears and classifies information-related elements of the safety education process. Therefore, it is conducive to the construction of a safety education system to improve its management level and, through the rational use of information technology, to improve the conversion rate of safety information into safety behaviour. Based on a systematic review and comparison of the existing research perspectives on safety education and information-flow-based safety education (IFSE), this paper analyses the reasons why we need a new perspective on safety education. We introduce information flow into the safety education framework model. The fundamental and expanding elements of safety education propagation are examined and deduced based on information theory. Combined with the connotations of safety education and information flow, this paper analyses the implementation steps of IFSE and applies them to the safety education of new employees in metal and nonmetal mines. In the micro-design, virtual reality technology is used to integrate safety education content and information technology. A new perspective on safety education is created; then, the framework model of IFSE, its implementation steps and models of the processing and utilization processes of safety education are constructed. IFSE is a new perspective for realizing safety education in practice, and the framework model of IFSE provides rigorous theoretical knowledge. Of course, to improve IFSE in practice, more scientific and detailed evaluation methods need to be introduced. This paper is helpful for guiding the safety education theory research from “trivializes situated” to “systematic” and for guiding the design, implementation, assessment and optimization of the safety education practice.

Multi Agent Assisted Safety Information Dissemination Scheme for V2V Communication in VANETs: Intelligent Agent Approach

The safety information dissemination plays a vital role in the VANET communication. It is a technique of transmitting the information at scheduled intervals or during road hazards by detecting the events using onboard system and interfaces. Information is shared between vehicles and road side units which are further used to predict vehicle collisions, road line crossings, environmental warnings, traffic data and road hazards. Interestingly the risk of lateral collisions and dense traffic for vehicles can be avoided by accomplishing fast data dissemination i.e. warning alerts by event detection. Vehicular technology which supports the safe mode of transportation is growing faster due to the deployment of new automated technology in the intelligent transportation system (ITS). The different scenarios used in vehicular communication are Vehicle to Vehicle (V-V), Vehicle to Infrastructure (V-I) and Vehicle to Internet. Some of the important characteristics of vehicular communications are the mobility, frequent changes in topology, varying transmission power of antennas, intermittent connectivity. ITS providing the solutions for most critical transportation issues and inspiring the researchers for the betterment of road safety. In this paper, we propose a multi agent based safety information dissemination scheme for vehicle to vehicle communication. The proposed algorithm performs the safety information dissemination with help of intelligent agents by optimizing the channel access techniques, message encoding and selection of intermediate nodes. Here the communication between source and destination is achieved with fever number of intermediate links by selecting the nodes in the special zone. Short interval codes which represent safety information are effectively transmitted in the intermittent nature of wireless connectivity. This proposed work describes the details of algorithm with associated network environment, multi agent functions and dissemination mechanism to illustrate the improvement in end to end delay, PDR, energy constraints etc. This method reduces the problem of broadcast storm by delivering the information to intended node. Simulation of the proposed work gives the improved results on PDR, latency and connection overhead.

Protocol misbehavior detection framework using machine learning classification in vehicular Ad Hoc networks

A novel approach is proposed to detect protocol misbehavior using state-of-the-art machine learning frameworks and entropy. Nodes in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) use broadcast protocols to efficiently disseminate safety information, but nodes do not always behave according to the routing protocols. Misbehavior can be caused by a targeted attack, where an attacking vehicle can intentionally send or route malicious packets to harm. Due to the dynamic nature of nodes in VANETs and routing complexity, unintentional misbehavior can also happen due to hardware or software failures in the vehicle. We are not concerned with the targeted attacks, but rather explore how the unintentional misbehavior, which can cause statistical multi-hop routing protocols to operate as basic flooding protocols, can be detected and accurately classified. These methods and detection techniques are based on the IEEE 802.11p MAC layer and weighted p-persistence multi-hop routing protocol. The linear classification was done using the TensorFlow framework and evaluations were performed using the VEINS simulator using the p-persistence broadcast protocol in a US city area.

Virtual Reality as a tool for learning: The past, present and the prospect

&nbsp;The use of computing technologies in human learning is rapidly growing and advancing in various fields of learning and training. Virtual reality (VR) is one of the growing computer techniques used in schools and training institutes to help improve students’ learning experience, create an interactive environment and build students’ confidence while working in a physical environment. The benefits of using virtual reality are yet to be fully explored in all fields of endeavour. Virtual reality has been applied in the field of medicine for rehabilitation of patients and in training of medical students. In addition, it has been used in operations management, manufacturing processes and design as well as in the aviation industry for the dissemination of safety information, and maintenance. VR holds great and promising prospects in education, tourism, entertainment, and architecture. Hence, this paper presents a review of the trends of applications of virtual reality technologies, its potentials and prospects for learning in various fields.

Surveillance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Campylobacter spp. in wild Japanese deer (Cervus nippon) and boar (Sus scrofa).

Increasing game meat consumption in Japan requires the dissemination of safety information regarding the presence of human pathogens in game animals. Health information regarding the suitability of these animals as a meat source is not widely available. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety of game meat and detect potential human pathogens in wild deer (Cervus nippon) and boar (Sus scrofa) in Japan. Fecal samples from 305 wild deer and 248 boars of Yamaguchi, Kagoshima, and Tochigi prefectures collected monthly for 2 years were examined for the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Campylobacter spp. STEC was isolated from 51 deer consistently throughout the year and from three boars; O-antigen genotype O146, the expression of stx2b, and eaeA absence (n=33) were the major characteristics of our STEC isolates. Other serotypes included the medically important O157, stx2b or stx2c, and eaeA-positive (n=4) and O26, stx1a, and eaeA-positive strains (n=1). Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 17 deer and 31 boars. Campylobacter hyointestinalis was the most common species isolated from 17 deer and 25 boars, whereas Campylobacter lanienae and Campylobacter coli were isolated from three and two boars, respectively. Seasonal trends for the isolation of these bacteria were not significant. This study demonstrates that wild game animals carry human pathogens; therefore, detailed knowledge of the safe handling of game meat is needed to prevent foodborne infections.

A New Probabilistic Multi-Hop Broadcast Protocol for Vehicular Networks

The most important application of vehicular networks is the dissemination of safety information via broadcasting protocols. How to reduce the redundant retransmission of the same information to avoid excessive channel collisions while ensure low latency and high reliability of the dissemination over the network has become the most challenging problem for multi-hop broadcasting protocols. The existing solutions use either probability-based multi-hop broadcasting for low latency or time-based deterministic approaches for high reliability. In this work, we propose a new probability-based multi-hop broadcast protocol to overcome the reliability and latency issues. First, we propose to assign a higher forwarding probability to the nodes that are farther from the source node by using a node's index number and other parameters, which is different from the existing probability-based approaches. The parameters can be adjusted for a higher forwarding success probability and maintain the required reliability of the message delivery. Second, we propose a clustering architecture so that redundancy and latency issues can be significantly reduced. Third, we analyze the protocol performance, such as the forwarding success probability, the average number of copies, and the average one-hop delay. The effectiveness of the proposed protocol has been demonstrated by extensive simulation results with significantly improved network performance.

Safety information cognition: A new methodology of safety science in urgent need to be established

In order to explain safety and environment protection from the aspects of information cognition, it is imperative to establish new safety theory by exploring accident and environmental pollution mechanism from the upstream level. In recent years, safety-related information or cognition studies have become new extension point in safety science. The researchers did not make any breakthroughs in the mechanism analysis of safety information science, because the essential process is not understood by researchers. Obviously, establishing safety information science is irreversible and critical. Therefore, it is theoretically and practically significant to establish and discuss the foundation of safety information science. Firstly, the safety systems should follow three levels: scale decomposition, dimension decomposition and research field. Then, from the perspective of spatial order, a systematic cognitive sequence of safety information and a Five Areas Four Belts spatial order model were established. Thirdly, the meaning and basic connotation of safety information are clarified. In addition, from the view of the combination between safety information dissemination and behavior cognition, the Safety Information Cognition model is constructed according to the general model of safety information cognition and Principle of system decomposition. Besides, the accident mechanism of 5-layers distortion and 4-times delay, as well as the general procedures of injury accidents were proposed. Finally, the worth of safety science model research for the future development was summarized. This paper contains a series of achievements, including system decomposition method, safety information cognition process and the cause mechanism and prevention strategies of accidents or pollution information. The conclusion shows that the information communication theory, the cognitive model and the safety information law can deepen the understanding of the safety and environment system and provide new ways for the further study of the safety and cleaner production. It can also further consolidate the essential principles of safety and environmental system and supply new preventions of accident and pollution, for example, the controls and elimination of harmful factors, Identification and analyze safety information science of dangerous and harmful factors, risk evaluation, prevention, monitoring and early warning measures et al.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Nebraska Motor Vehicle Drivers’ Characteristics on Inattentive Driving at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings

This research investigated the direct and indirect effects of the characteristics of motor vehicle drivers in Nebraska, including their socioeconomic characteristics, safe driving knowledge, and attitudes to inattentive driving at highway–rail grade crossings (HRGCs). A random statewide mail survey of drivers aged 19 years or older provided the data analyzed in this research. The use of a structural equation model (SEM) enabled identification of direct and indirect effects among the variables. Conclusions were that drivers’ attitudes toward safety issues at HRGCs had both direct and indirect effects on drivers’ inattentive behavior. Drivers’ intent to violate or obey driving regulations indirectly influenced driver inattention. Their overall knowledge of safely negotiating HRGCs did not directly affect inattentive driving, but it indirectly affected inattentive driving through interference with drivers’ intent to violate or obey regulations. Drivers’ perceptions of delay, safety, clarity, and reliability indirectly affected their inattentive behavior. Variables associated with fewer instances of inattentive driving included: positive attitudes toward safety issues at HRGCs; lower intent to violate (or greater intent to obey) driving rules at HRGCs; less frequent use of HRGCs; higher perceptions of the safety, reliability, and so forth of local HRGCs; older drivers (≥60); better knowledge of safely negotiating HRGCs; lower educational levels; male drivers; lower income households (&lt;US$30 k per year); and longer residency in the current city. Safety information dissemination, high household income (&gt;US$100 k per year), and younger drivers had direct effects on drivers’ safe driving knowledge and could lead to higher overall knowledge levels of safely negotiating HRGCs.

A Hospital-Based Initiative to Reduce Postdischarge Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths.

Sudden unexpected infant deaths (SUID) most often occur because infants are placed in unsafe sleep environments. Although authors of previous literature have demonstrated that parents who receive comprehensive safe sleep education increase knowledge and intention to place children in safe sleep environments, no studies have demonstrated improved outcomes. We describe the development of a hospital-based newborn SUID risk reduction quality improvement project and its effectiveness in reducing subsequent SUIDs in a community using linked outcome data from local Child Fatality Review Teams. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of a long-term iterative performance improvement intervention for a nursery-based comprehensive safe sleep program in a community teaching hospital. Key themes and exemplary comments were noted. The rate of infant deaths per 1000 births was the primary quantitative outcome. The rate is calculated quarterly and monitored with control charts by using Child Fatality Review data about infant sleep deaths. The average death rate fell from 1.08 infants per 1000 births preintervention to 0.48 infants per 1000 births after complete intervention, and the average number of deaths between deliveries increased from 1 in every 584 deliveries (upper control limit: 3371) to 1 in every 1420 deliveries (upper control limit: 8198). Qualitative observation of nursery providers revealed 3 themes, including routine inclusion of sleep safety information, dissemination of safety information by all staff, and personal commitment to success. A comprehensive sleep safety culture change can be effectively integrated into a nursery setting over time by using feedback from Child Fatality Review and performance improvement methodology. Repeated messaging and education by the entire nursery staff has the potential to play a role in reducing sleep-related deaths in infants born at their hospital.

A multidisciplinary approach to oncology trials: Study conduct of the ANTHALYA trial

Clinical trials that combine medical therapy and surgical treatment pose a number of challenges. The ANTHALYA trial investigated the efficacy and safety of adding bevacizumab to neoadjuvant carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy prior to interval debulking surgery (IDS) in patients with ovarian cancer.The success of the trial depended on the efficacy and the safety of the combination and on the surgical effort. Furthermore, at the time of study design, neoadjuvant bevacizumab had not been investigated in ovarian cancer patients and it was unknown if neoadjuvant angiogenic therapy would be well tolerated or would negatively impact the success of IDS. Therefore, safety in the ANTHALYA trial was paramount.To overcome these challenges we conducted the trial in collaboration with French oncologists and surgeons who were experts in the multidisciplinary treatment of ovarian cancer. Toxicity was monitored during the neoadjuvant and IDS periods using a Bayesian approach which provided flexibility in the decision-making process regarding the continuation or rapid discontinuation of the trial in response to a safety signal. We implemented a stopping rule for safety based on a number of pre-defined bevacizumab-related complications of special interest. We also developed an electronic case report form, which greatly facilitated the collection and dissemination of safety information and other trial data.Here we describe how we used these tools to ensure the successful conduct of ANTHALYA and report how it is possible to mix a Bayesian approach for monitoring toxicity and a frequentist approach for evaluating efficacy within the same trial.

Information-centric dissemination protocol for safety information in vehicular ad-hoc networks

In vehicular networks, efficient safety information dissemination is a crucial issue. Unique characteristics of such an environment like highly mobility, fast topology changing, short-lived and int...

A case study exploring firefighters\u2019 and municipal officials\u2019 preparedness for electrical vehicles

PurposeThis study presents a social perspective on new vehicle technology. It explores the self-reported preparedness of the fire departments (i.e., rescue services) in Sweden’s three largest cities regarding rescue operations involving electrical vehicles (EVs).MethodsIn this multi-method study, in-depth interviews were performed with emergency service officers and municipal officers in each city.ResultsThe results indicate that firefighters have little experience of accidents with EVs and they are learning reactively. The risks were not clearly identified. More knowledge is needed of identifying and disconnecting electricity in EVs. A more efficient way to find information about new vehicles is vital concerning the safety aspect in rescue operations. The level of knowledge about new vehicle technology varied between departments. For the municipal officers, environmental aspects are of most interest, whereas safety and rescue operations involving EVs are rarely addressed. The responsibility for disseminating information about the safe handling of EVs was unclear.ConclusionThe fire departments need more resources for education and training to keep up with technical developments and to be proactive. Another desired development is a solution for easy access to vehicle information. Since the environmental issues are setting the agenda, not the safety issues, lesser environment risks could become greater safety risks. We stress the need for various occupational decision making at all levels of society to cooperate in order to take responsibility for the safe introduction for new more environmentally friendly transport vehicle technique and disseminating safety information in a collected and systematic way.

Concept analysis of safety climate in healthcare providers

To report an analysis of the concept of safety climate in healthcare providers. Compliance with safe work practices is essential to patient safety and care outcomes. Analysing the concept of safety climate from the perspective of healthcare providers could improve understanding of the correlations between safety climate and healthcare provider compliance with safe work practices, thus enhancing quality of patient care. Concept analysis. The electronic databases of CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed and Web of Science were searched for literature published between 1995-2015. Searches used the keywords 'safety climate' or 'safety culture' with 'hospital' or 'healthcare'. The concept analysis method of Walker and Avant analysed safety climate from the perspective of healthcare providers. Three attributes defined how healthcare providers define safety climate: (1) creation of safe working environment by senior management in healthcare organisations; (2) shared perception of healthcare providers about safety of their work environment; and (3) the effective dissemination of safety information. Antecedents included the characteristics of healthcare providers and healthcare organisations as a whole, and the types of work in which they are engaged. Consequences consisted of safety performance and safety outcomes. Most studies developed and assessed the survey tools of safety climate or safety culture, with a minority consisting of interventional measures for improving safety climate. More prospective studies are needed to create interventional measures for improving safety climate of healthcare providers. This study is provided as a reference for use in developing multidimensional safety climate assessment tools and interventional measures. The values healthcare teams emphasise with regard to safety can serve to improve safety performance. Having an understanding of the concept of and interventional measures for safety climate allows healthcare providers to ensure the safety of their operations and their patients.