Dispositional Resilience Scale Research Articles

Companionship Of Psychological Hardiness, Narcissism, And Perfectionism On Depression Tendency Among Undergraduate Students In Oyo State, Nigeria

The aim of this study was to examine the companionship of psychological hardiness, narcissism, and perfectionism on depression tendency among undergraduate students in Oyo State, Nigeria. A qualitative research design by means of correlational approach was adopted to pilot the study. A total of one thousand and eighty-six (1086) participants selected through a process of stratified random sampling from Oyo State, Nigeria, partook in the study. Four measuring instruments: Depression Proneness Rating Scale-11 (α=.77), Dispositional Resilience Scale (α= .73), Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (α= .87), and Pathological Narcissism Inventory (α= .91) were used to garner data. Collected data were subjected to analysis through Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple regression model. Findings revealed that a combination of predictor variable accounted for 42% of the total variance in depression tendency (R2=.417; F (5,1080)= 154.768; p<.01). Independently, psychological hardiness (r=-. 404; β-.236; t= -9.486; p<.01), Normal Perfectionism (r= -.370; β= -.355; t=-12.530; p<.01), and narcissistic grandiosity (r= .238; β=-.213; t= -7.532) yielded anti correlational relationship with depression tendency. However, the relationships of Narcissistic Vulnerability (r=.282; β=286; t=9.866; p< .01) and neurotic perfectionism (r= .238; β=.278; 10.031; p<.01) with depression tendency yielded positive prediction. The study outcomes were discussed, and the studied variables were recommended to be considered while diagnosing depression symptoms among undergraduate students.

Differcence in Levels of Hardiness Personality Between Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z

This study explored generational differences in hardiness personality levels. The study used a cross-sectional method and had 128 subjects who were selected using stratified purposive sampling. Data was collected using Bartone’s modified dispositional resilience (hardiness) scale. Data analysis was conducted using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether; there is a significant difference between generations X, Y, and Z in their hardiness personality; and whether Generation X had the highest score in the Control, Challenge, and Commitment dimensions. Through analysis, it was found that there was a significant difference between generation X and Z in the Challenge dimension a significant difference between both Generation; X and Y with Z in the Commitment dimension. Meanwhile, all generations had no differences in the Control dimension. Furthermore, we also found that Generation X had the highest score on challenge and commitment dimensions, but Generation Z had the highest score on control. Based on this, support is needed according to the needs of each individual, such as making Generation X a guide to increase their control and providing space for Generation Z to make decisions independently.
 Keywords: Personality Hardiness, Generation X, Millennials, Generation Z, Cross- Sectional Analysis

Sleep Quality and Its Relationship to Anxiety and Hardiness in a Cohort of Frontline Italian Nurses during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on the psychological and psychopathological status of the population and health care workers in terms of insomnia, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The primary aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the impact of the pandemic on insomnia levels of a cohort of Italian nurses, particularly those involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. The secondary aim was to identify the interaction between insomnia and hardiness, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. A descriptive-exploratory study was conducted using an online survey during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March to July 2020). The questionnaire consisted of multiple-choice, open-ended, closed, and semi-closed questions. The psychometric tools administered were the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). a cohort of 1167 nurses fully completed the questionnaire (86.2% of total respondents). The insomnia scale survey showed an increase in post-pandemic scores compared to those before the pandemic, implying that insomnia levels increased after the first pandemic wave. Insomnia scores were directly correlated with anxiety levels (r = 0.571; p ≤ 0.05) and inversely correlated with hardiness levels (r = -0.324; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed the following protective factors: not having worked in COVID-19 wards, high levels of hardiness (commitment), and the presence of high pre-pandemic insomnia disorder. The main risk factor for insomnia reported in the analysis was a high anxiety score. Anxiety represented the main risk factor for insomnia severity in our sample, while hardiness was confirmed as a protective factor. Thus, it is necessary to design further studies to identify additional risk factors for poor sleep quality and to develop educational courses and strategies aimed at enhancing rest and sleep quality, especially for frontline nurses.

Prediction of Medication Adherence Based on Dispositional Resilience, Ambiguity Tolerance and Perceived Social Support in Patients with Lung Cancer

Introduction:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In recent years, the role of psychological factors in adherence to medication in patients with lung cancer has attracted more attention. This study aimed to investigate the prediction of medication adherence based on dispositional resilience, tolerance for ambiguity and perceived social support in patients with lung cancer in Yazd.&#x0D; Method: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. The statistical population consisted of all patients with lung cancer visiting Shahid Ramezan Zadeh Radiation Therapy Center in Yazd in 2020-2021, and 120 male patients were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-8), Dispositional Resilience Scale (HARDY), Ambiguity Tolerance Scale-I (MSTAT-I) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Then, they were analyzed in SPSS 23 using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression.&#x0D; Results:Results suggested a significant positive correlation between dispositional resilience and medication adherence (R=0/47), ambiguity tolerance and medication adherence (R=0/61), as well as perceived social support and medication adherence (R=0.68) (P&lt;0/001). According to the results, the predictor variables generally explained 46.3% of the variance of medication adherence.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the results, medication adherence in patients with lung cancer is predictable using dispositional resilience, ambiguity tolerance and perceived social support.

EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT ATTITUDES TOWARDS HARDINESS IN VARIOUS OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS

The aim of the research was to identify the features of explicit and implicit assessments of hardiness and its components obtained for participants whose occupations are associated with risk: security guards, long-distance lorry drivers, footballers from one of the top football league teams; participants with occupations associated with unconditional execution of orders. Measurements were made using specially designed four modifications of the classical IAT and the self-report procedure Bartone’s Dispositional Resilience Scale. The study showed that there are differences in implicit and explicit attitudes towards hardiness and its components in groups of participants from different occupations: most guards and long-distance lorry drivers revealed a negative implicit challenge; the majority of ‘soldiers’ were found to have negative attitudes towards the commitment. The vast majority of long-distance lorry drivers showed matches of the measurements results. The independence of implicit and explicit ‘overall’ attitudes toward hardiness, and their content, is also shown.

Dispositional resilience predicts psychological adaptation of seafarers during and after maritime operations.

Seafarers, whether on cargo, fishery, or naval ships, may be exposed to unique and unusual psychological demands related to the often isolated, confined, and extreme environments associated with ocean-going vessels. This necessitates optimal psychological adaptation to maintain individual well-being during the mission and afterwards. This study set out to explore whether psychometric measures could predict psychological adaptation of seafarers, specifically navy sailors, during and after maritime operations. It used emotional regulation as marker of adaptation, and examined the role of psychometric measures of dispositional resilience and emotional regulation to predict psychological adaptation at subsequent time-points. A total of 168 sailors completed the Brief Sailor Resiliency Scale, Dispositional Resilience Scale 15, and Mental Toughness Questionnaire 18 prior to departing for sea, as well as the Brunel Mood Scale at 5 time points over a 12-month operational cycle. Higher resilience scores were consistently associated with more adaptive emotional regulation. Multiple linear regressions indicated that the Brief Sailor Resiliency Scale predicted emotional regulation over the shorter term, while the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 18 predicted emotional regulation over the longer term. Further, mid-mission emotional regulation also predicted emotional regulation at the end of deployments. The findings support several practical applications. Firstly, formal organizational initiatives to promote resilience could be useful to enhance adaptation during and after missions. Secondly, measuring seafarers' dispositional resilience could allow the streaming of vulnerable individuals towards appropriate mental health support services. Thirdly, past indicators of adaptation could be useful to enhance decision- making regarding subsequent utilisation. This may be applicable to seafarers in both naval services and commercial shipping, and to personnel in remote weather stations or other isolated and inaccessible research facilities.

The Relationship Between Hardiness and Academic Stress in XII Grade Students of X Senior High School

This study aims to examine the relationship between hardiness and academic stress during the completion of the final project in XIIth grade in students of X Senior High School. This study is based on the phenomenon of academic stress in students. One of the factors that can affect a student’s academic stress level is hardiness. This study uses quantitative research techniques with correlational descriptive methods. The study was conducted on the XIIth grade students of X Senior High School in Malang, a total of 62 students. In this study, descriptive analysis was used to reveal a description of hardiness and academic stress that has been tested in general. Data collection used a modification of the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA) (15 items, r = .736) and a modification of The Dispositional Resilience (Hardiness) Scale (HARDY) (27 items, r = .701). To test the hypothesis a correlation test using Pearson Product Moment correlation was used. The results of the correlation test that had been carried out using the Product Moment correlation, got a significance value of .147 which is greater than the significance of .05 or a sig &gt; .05. These results show that H0 = accepted which means there is no correlation between the hardiness variable and the academic stress variable.&#x0D; Keywords: hardiness, academic stress, student

Psychometric properties of the Brief Sailor Resiliency Scale in the South African Army

Serving in the military is considered one of the most stressful occupations; therefore, because of the potential mitigation effect resilience has against stressors, it has often been incorporated as a component in predeployment programmes for soldiers. Consequently, assessing, facilitating and sustaining resilience is of particular importance in military environments. The Brief Sailor Resiliency Scale (BSRS) has been utilised within the South African Navy (SAN) environment, where it yielded promising results as a measure of resilience. The aim of this article is to investigate the psychometric properties of the BSRS and the applicability thereof to the South African Army (SA Army). The study utilised a sample of SA Army soldiers (N = 418) that completed the BSRS along with the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Dispositional Resilience Scale – II (DRS-II). The psychometric properties of the BSRS were examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM), together with construct validity and internal reliability. The model yielded acceptable fit, and the construct validity was supported with high internal reliability of the scales. Findings provided confirmatory evidence for the application of the BSRS as a resilience screening tool in the SA Army. The utilisation of the BSRS as a valid screening instrument, together with the aligned interventions, can potentially contribute substantially to the combat readiness of the SA Army.

Personality traits and hardiness as risk- and protective factors for mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Norwegian two-wave study

BackgroundSeveral risk factors for anxious-depressive symptomatology during the COVID-19 pandemic have been established. However, few studies have examined the relationship between personality traits, hardiness, and such symptomatology during the pandemic. These constructs might serve as risk- and/or protective factors for such mental distress through the pandemic.MethodsA sample of 5783 Norwegians responded to a survey at two time points within the first year of the pandemic. The first data collection was in April 2020 (T1) and the second in December 2020 (T2). Measures included the Ten-Item Personality-Inventory, the Revised Norwegian Dispositional Resilience Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale. Analyses were performed using Pearson’s correlations, multiple linear regression, and a moderation analysis.ResultsAnxious-depressive symptomatology in early phases (T1) of the pandemic was the strongest predictor for the presence of such symptomatology 9 months after the outbreak (T2). Personality and hardiness correlated significantly with mental distress at T1 and T2. Personality traits explained 5% variance in symptoms when controlling for age, gender, solitary living, negative economic impact, and mental distress at baseline. Higher neuroticism predicted higher mental distress, whereas higher conscientiousness and extraversion predicted less mental distress. Hardiness did not explain variance in outcome beyond personality traits. Hardiness did not significantly moderate the relationship between neuroticism and mental distress.ConclusionIndividuals with high levels of neuroticism had greater difficulties adapting to the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic and were more prone to mental distress. Contrastingly, higher conscientiousness and extraversion may have served as protective factors for mental distress during the pandemic. The current findings might aid identification of vulnerable individuals and groups. Consequently, preventive interventions could be offered to those who need it the most.

Development and Validation of an Improved Hardiness Measure

Abstract: Previous research shows that psychological hardiness is an important factor contributing to stress resilience in individuals. Of the various instruments available to measure hardiness, the most commonly used is the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS). Despite its demonstrated utility, the DRS-15 still has a number of serious limitations, including low subscale reliability and limited construct validity. The present work aims to create a new hardiness scale that addresses these limitations. A pool of new items plus the original DRS item set was administered to a census-matched stratified sample of N = 2,021 men and women across the United States. Items for the new scale were selected based on item distribution characteristics, item response theory plots, scale reliabilities, item-total correlations, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA results showed the best fitting model reflected a hierarchical structure with three factors (commitment, control, and challenge) nested under a broad hardiness factor. This factor structure is replicated in two independent validation samples and also holds invariant across gender and age. The new scale shows much improved reliability coefficients (e.g., Cronbach’s α of .93, .85, .84, and .89 for total hardiness, challenge, control, and commitment, respectively), as well as structural equivalence across gender and age. Validity is demonstrated in multiple samples via predictive associations of hardiness scores with theoretically relevant outcome measures, including coping, life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression. The Hardiness Resilience Gauge (HRG) possesses excellent reliability and validity and appears to be a more effective tool for measuring hardiness in adult populations.

Promoting and Risk Factors of Nurses' Hardiness Levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from an Italian Cohort.

Aim: Few studies in the literature specifically address the hardiness of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the hardiness levels in an Italian cohort of nurses. The secondary aims were to assess the level of hardiness in nurses directly caring for patients with COVID-19 and to verify the presence of related risk and promoting factors. Methods: A descriptive and explorative study was performed through an online survey from March to July 2020. The survey was composed of a multiple answer questionnaire with open, closed, and semi-closed-ended questions. Hardiness and anxiety were assessed using two psychometric instruments: the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). Results: A total of 1250 nurses completed the questionnaire entirely (92.3% of respondents). The average length of service was 17.8 ± 11.5 years. A decrease in the hardiness was recorded after the first wave of COVID-19 if compared to the baseline (mean Δ DRS-15 total = 1.3 ± 5.0), whereas in the subsample of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients, the total hardiness level decreased more consistently (mean Δ DRS Total = 1.9 + 5.3). Multivariate analysis showed that high levels of anxiety were risk factors for reducing hardiness. In contrast, anxiety, when associated with a greater length of service, was a promoting factor for the increase in hardiness. Conclusions: The correlation between anxiety and years of length of service appears to be pivotal. Future research should focus on the role of anxiety to establish its actual role as a predictor of hardiness.

Resiliensi Tahanan: Studi Literatur

Introduction: Prevalence of mental health problems including detainees in prison are very high. Handling mental health problems is closely related to the ability of resilience in a person. Limited study review resilience, factors influencing it and instruments used in detainee. This study aims to describe the resilience of detainees, instruments to measure it, and factors influencing the resilience of detainees.Methods: The research method used was literature review. Literature search was carried out using search keywords resilience, detainee, prison. The database used is SCOPUS, EBSCOHost, Garuda, Science Direct, ProQuest. Articles inclusion criteria are full-text articles from 2010-2020, published in English and Indonesian, and discussing resilience to detainees. Articles were identified using flow diagrams. Data were analysed using synthesis matrices.Results: The results of search that has been conducted stating that the instruments used to identify resilience levels consisted of the Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the resilience quotient compiled by Reivich and Shatte, the Resilience Measurement Scale (RMS-25), the Adolescent Resilience Attitudes Scale (ARAS), and the Norwegian adaptation of Dispositional Resilience scale (DRS-15-R). The average level of resilience of detainees is in the medium category. Resilience is influenced by age, ethnicity, family relationships, social relationships, self-acceptance, protective factors (pro-social) and (pro-future). Detainees are prone to mental health problems, because they have moderate levels of resilience.Suggestion: Nursing services need to pay attention to the level of resilience of detainees.

Hardiness Of Paud Teachers (Study Of Paud Teachers In Himpaudi Kecamatan Candi)

This research is presented by the problem of hardiness related to the unbalancing between the rights and obligations of early childhood teachers in HIMPAUDI Candi. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The variable in this study is hardiness. The sampling technique used probability sampling with simple random sampling technique of 100 early childhood teachers in HIMPAUDI Candi. The data collection technique used the DRS (Dispositional Resilience Scale) II scale to measure hardiness and the Multiple Choice Single Response scale to measure the hardiness factors scale. Analysis of the data in this study used statistical tests with the help of the SPSS 20.0 and MS Excel 2019 programs. The reliability was 0.844 and the validity was&gt; 0.30. The results of hardiness data on early childhood teachers in Candi with a moderate level of 89% and low level of 11%. The most influential factor is the dispositional factor (58%). The hardiness of early childhood teachers in Candi is also influenced by factors of age, years of service, education and salary.

Psychoendocrinology: arginine vasopressin and resilience in patients with major depressive disorder.

There is a burgeoning body of evidence suggesting that arginine vasopressin (AVP) acts as a neuromodulator of the stress response. AVP stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone, synergistic to corticotropin-releasing hormone, which might explain AVP's role in resilience. Personal hardiness is the bedrock of resilience. Numerous studies have demonstrated elevated plasma levels of AVP in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), suggesting an etiopathogenetic role as well as a novel therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between AVP and resilience in patients with MDD and to determine AVP levels in serum of patients with MDD. Forty patients with MDD and 40 healthy control subjects were studied using the Dispositional Resilience (Hardiness) Scale by Barton, the Quality of Life Scale, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Biochemical analysis of plasma levels of AVP, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was performed for all participants. Levels of AVP were statistically significantly elevated in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls. Psychological hardiness was decreased in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls, a finding also statistically significant. There was a negative correlation between plasma AVP level and psychological hardiness. AVP and psychological hardiness are negatively correlated, reflecting lower stress resilience. AVP levels are indeed higher in patients struggling with MDD.

The Role of Sail Training as a Factor Strengthening the Hardiness of Extraordinary Youth

The paper presents the results of research on the level of the hardiness of participants of high sea cruises implementing the idea of sail training and being a non-standard form of informal education in practice. The study involved 123 people, including 65 girls and 58 boys aged 13 to 18 years, who can be perceived as youth with special educational needs. They were participants of the Krzysztof Baranowski School Under Sails in 2015 and 2016, the cruise of the 42 Author’s High School in Warsaw from 2016, the Catholic School Under Sails in 2017 and Gdańsk School Under Sails in 2019.Method: Pre-posttest study with questionnaires issued on the first and last day of each cruise. Dispositional Resilience Scale was used to measure mental hardiness, commitment, openness to challenges and a sense of control of participants. T-tests were used to check the significance of change in results.Results: The results show a statistically significant increase in hardiness level measured using the Dispositional Resilience Scale. There was also a significant increase in commitment, openness to challenges and a sense of control of participants, which are measured by subscales of the used scale.Conclusions: It can be thought that various types of Schools under Sail are an attractive way to adapt to the special educational needs of gifted young people and strengthen the hardiness of young people, which is a valuable asset of sail training.

Peritraumatic Distress and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Contributions of Psychosocial Factors and Pandemic-Related Stressors.

The present study aimed to identify the contributions of sociodemographic factors, psychological hardiness, and pandemic‐related stressors to the development of peritraumatic distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We also examined the mediating contribution of peritraumatic distress with respect to the associations between PTSS and (a) individual characteristics and (b) pandemic‐related stressors. A total of 1,238 participants (82.1% women, 17.9% men) aged 18–75 years were included in the study. Participants completed the Dispositional Resilience Scale, Peritraumatic Distress Inventory, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist. The results showed that 11.5% of participants scored above the clinical cutoff for peritraumatic distress, and 12.8% of participants scored above the clinical cutoff for PTSS. Regression models showed that higher levels of peritraumatic distress were statistically predicted by female gender, β = ‐.12, p < .001; exposure to more than one stressor, β = .21, p < .001; lower levels of commitment to people and activities, β = –.12, p = .002; and resistance to challenges, β = –.17, p < .001. Additionally, male gender, β = .05, p = .007; younger age, β = –.05, p = .005; lower levels of commitment to people and activities, β = –.11, p < .001; lower ratings of hardiness with regard to challenge, β = –.04, p = .043; and more severe peritraumatic distress, β = .75, p < .001, predicted more severe PTSS during the pandemic. Peritraumatic distress mediated the associations between PTSS and both the number of experienced stressors and psychological hardiness.

106 Self-Reported Sleep and Resilience

IntroductionPsychological resilience is the ability to withstand setbacks, adapt positively to challenges, and bounce back from the adversities of life. While the construct of resilience is broadly understood, the specific individual factors that contribute to the ability to be resilient and persevere in the face of difficulties remain poorly understood. We recently showed that psychological resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a number of factors, including fewer complaints of insomnia, and others have suggested that sleep is an important contributor. We therefore tested the hypothesis that sleep quality and acute sleep quantity would combine to predict measures of psychological resilience and perseverance (i.e. “grit”).MethodsWe asked 447 adults (18–40 yrs; 72% female) to report the number of hours of sleep obtained the night before their assessment session (SLEEP), and complete several questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Bartone Dispositional Resilience Scale (Hardiness), and the Grit Scale. Sleep metrics were used to predict resilience, hardiness, and grit using multiple linear regression.ResultsFor resilience, PSQI (β=-.201, p<.00003) and SLEEP (β=.155, p<.001) each contributed uniquely to prediction of CD-RISC (R2=.08, p<.00001). Hardiness was also predicted (R2=.08, p<.00001) by a combination of PSQI (β=-.218, p<.00001) and SLEEP (β=.128, p=.007). Interestingly, worse sleep quality over the past month on the PSQI (β=.13, p=.008) in combination with more SLEEP the night before the assessment (β=.137, p=.005) each contributed uniquely to higher Grit (i.e., perseverance; R2=.03, p=.003).ConclusionSelf-reported sleep quality and quantity were both independently associated with greater self-reported resilience, hardiness, and grit. While better sleep quality and more sleep the night before testing each uniquely predicted greater resilience and hardiness, a different pattern emerged for Grit. The combination of lower quality sleep over the past month followed by greater recent sleep duration was associated with increased perseverance. Whereas sleep quality appears to be more important for general resilience/hardiness, recent sleep time appears more important for the subjective perception of perseverance. Because these data are purely self-report and cross sectional, future work will need to determine the longitudinal effects on behavior.Support (if any):

Effects of Dispositional Resilience and Self-Efficacy on Practice in Advanced Care Planning of Terminally Ill Patients among Taiwanese Nurses: A Study Using Path Modeling

This study aimed to expand on previous research elucidating the effects of dispositional resilience and self-efficacy on practice in advanced care planning (ACP) of terminally ill patients among Taiwanese nurses using path modeling. This cross-sectional study was conducted using cluster sampling. Data were collected using demographics, nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of ACP (KAP-ACP) inventory, Dispositional Resilience Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale. A total of 266 nurses from a tertiary medical center in northern Taiwan participated in this study in 2019. The results showed that gender and ward were significant K-ACP predictors among nurses. The ACP knowledge, ward, and experience of caring for terminally ill friends or relatives were significant A-ACP predictors, whereas ACP attitudes, dispositional resilience, self-efficacy, ward, and the frequency of caring for terminally ill patients were the key predictors of P-ACP. The path modeling showed that dispositional resilience; self-efficacy; medical, surgical, hematology and oncology wards; previous experience in caring for terminally ill friends or relatives; participating in the do-not-resuscitate signature; and the frequency of caring for terminally ill patients directly influenced ACP practices. We recommend that nurses enhance their dispositional resilience and self-efficacy, which may encourage them to appreciate the value of ACP practice of terminally ill patients and improve the quality of care.

Efektivitas Pelatihan Hardiness untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Tangguh dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah

Any changes in the system of an organization could be stressful. Having hardiness would be important to deal with a problem. This study aims to seek out the effectiveness of hardiness training in improving problemsolving. A quasi-experimental design with one group pretest-post test design was applied. There were sixteen employees of various organizational divisions enrolled in this study. Data were collected before and after the six-session of hardiness training using the Brief COPE scale and the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15) developed by Bertone. Results from the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that there was no significant difference in the attitude of the effectiveness of problem-solving among employees before and after training (p&gt;0,05). However, there were differences in knowledge of understanding hardiness before and after training. (p=.002, p&gt;0,05). It can be concluded that hardiness training could increase the knowledge about hardiness; but not the attitude toward problem-solving.

The Effect of Practice toward Do-Not-Resuscitate among Taiwanese Nursing Staff Using Path Modeling.

This study aimed to elucidate the predictors and the effects of path modeling on the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward do-not-resuscitate (DNR) among the Taiwanese nursing staff. This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive design using stratified cluster sampling. We collected data on demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practice as measured by the DNR inventory (KAP-DNR), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Dispositional Resilience Scale. Participants were 194 nursing staff from a medical center in northern Taiwan in 2019. The results showed that participation in DNR signature and education related to palliative care were significant positive predictors of knowledge toward DNR. The DNR predictors toward attitude included DNR knowledge, mindfulness, self-efficacy, dispositional resilience, and religious belief of nurses. Generally, the critical predictors of DNR practice were DNR attitude, dispositional resilience, and male nurses. In path modeling, we identified that self-efficacy, dispositional resilience, master’s degree, and religious belief directly influenced practice constituting DNR. Based on the findings of this study, we propose that nurses should improve their self-efficacy and dispositional resilience through training programs. Encouraging staff to undertake further education and have religious beliefs can enhance the practice of DNR and provide better end-of-life care.