Disposition Of Material Research Articles

Spatial analysis and site formation processes associated with the Middle Pleistocene hominid teeth from Q1/B waterhole, Boxgrove (West Sussex, UK)

Boxgrove is a key locale for our understanding of Middle Pleistocene human behaviour in Northwestern Europe. It provides high-resolution evidence for behaviour at scale in fine-grained sediments, dating from the end of the MIS13 interglacial at around 480,000 years ago. Excavations at this site in the last quarter of the twentieth century have provided a large body of interdisciplinary data, comprising stone artefact assemblages, well-preserved faunal remains and paleoenvironmental archives, from over 100 test pits and larger excavation areas. The excavation area designated Q1/B was excavated between 1995 and 1996 and provided a particularly deep and complex record of early human activity centred upon a pond or waterhole within the wider landscape. In this work, we present a new analysis of spatial data from a single sedimentary unit (Unit 4u) at the Boxgrove Q1/B site. We consider the spatial disposition of lithic and faunal materials, fabric analysis and the role of the palaeotopography in their distribution. The results indicate that, although the dynamic fluvial depositional environment had an undeniable role in the distribution of materials, the scale and nature of post-depositional movement are consistent with the artefacts being preserved within an autochthonous depositional context, not reworked from an earlier sedimentary unit or subject to long-distance transportation. These results are consistent with previous analysis which suggests that the overall lithic assemblage can be directly compared with others from the wider landscape in compositional terms to interpret the behavioural controls over site formation behind the Q1/B archaeology.

Effect of the incorporation of Neem (Azadirachta indica) wood ash in Kodeck ceramic materials for the manufacture of fired bricks (Far-North Cameroon)

The current study evaluates the suitability of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) wood ash as raw material in the production of ceramic bricks for their application in construction. Accordingly, for the fabrication of bricks, compositions were prepared by adding increasing amounts of Neem wood ash (0%, 5%, and 10% in wt.). The specimens were manufactured by mixing clay with a Neem wood ash amendment and subsequently compacted and fired at 850 °C, 950 °C, and 1050 °C. The fired samples were characterized to determine their technological properties. The results indicate that brick formulations containing Neem wood ash decreased the bulk density up to 8%. Water absorption increased up to 10% and porosity also increased up to 20% with wood of ash. These values meet the Turkish TS EN standards for masonry structures. Due to the interesting performances observed, the potential used up to 10 wt% of Neem Wood ash in ceramic formulations of industrial interest was confirmed. Therefore, incorporating ash into a clay material reduces environmental problems and the total cost of raw material disposition. This is very important in the Sahelian zone and it provides a great opportunity for the inhabitants of this zone.

Effects of mixing technique, molar ratio, and filtration methods on the production of titanium power from secondary titanium slag though magnesiothermic reduction

Magnesiothermic reduction has been considered as effective pathway to fabricate titanium powder from secondary titanium slag. The feed material (Secondary titanium slag from Binh Dinh Mineral Joint Stock Company), reductant (Mg), and MgCl2.6H2O were mixed and reduced under in an argon atmosphere at 900 oC in 4 h. To obtain good yield and quality of the titanium product, many factors such as: mixing method of raw materials, the molar ratio of Mg/TiO2, and filtering and separating the products (water washing and acid washing) should be optimized. In this study, these influencing factors were extensively investigated and optimized. The prepared titanium powder was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The research results showed that with the molar ratio of Mg/TiO2 of 2.6, interleaved or even disposition of raw materials were optimal conditions to convert secondary titanium slag to titanium powder. The titanium product after pyrolysis washed and filtered with water followed by the acid washing, was a high-purity porous with a titanium content of up to 94.75%.

A preliminary study on production of roof tiles and paver blocks using wood and coal ash

The line-up of present analysis, to scrutinize regarding the probable utilization of wood ash along with coal ash for the manufacture of paver blocks and concrete tiles. The broad investigation is available from the antecedent experimental observations on the mentioned admixture for the manufacturer. The study provides necessary esoteric information as well as an experimental dossier for the use of coal ash mixed with wood ash to demonstrate its suitability as a sustainable building material. Samples worn were non-hazardous in nature and strenuously worn as admixture and their formations are ideally pertinent to make a tenacious compound combine material for paver blocks and tiles. Formerly done read-ups has been illustrated that, coal and wood ash-based paver blocks and roof tiles come up with an imperishable companion to the long-established paver blocks and concrete tiles also in addition it increases the competence of paver blocks and roof tiles. The admixture added benefits convincingly to cut down the environmental issues allied with disposition of these waste materials. In extension, this investigation focuses on admixtures for yielding sustainable construction materials.

Challenges in Forensic Sampling in The Pre-Analytical Phase While Maintaining Chain of Custody in Sri Lanka and System Improvement in the Medico-Legal Unit of District General Hospital, Matale, Sri Lanka

Chain of custody, in legal contexts, is the chronological document that records the sequence of custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of materials, including physical or electronic evidence. The biggest risk of breaking the chain of custody is holding evidence that is inadmissible in court. If the chain of custody is broken, vital evidence could be deemed legally worthless. The author has observed suboptimal standards for post-mortem sample collection and storage at the Medico-legal unit of Matale. The author noticed a knowledge gap in maintaining the chain of custody among medical officer-medico-legal and morgue health care assistants. The standard operating procedure was implemented to ensure that all stakeholders maintain the proper chain of custody in post-mortem samples. Improvements were also made to increase the security of the Post-mortem sample storage. We suggest the standard operating procedure in the whole country so that the institutions and the stakeholders adhere to the duties specified in the standard operating procedure leading to improvement in the desired chain of custody of the post-mortem samples. It is essential that the College of Forensic Pathologists of Sri Lanka, in collaboration with the ministry of health, develop an updated recommendation on sample collection for medico-legal units of Sri Lanka. The Ministry of Health of Sri Lanka should upgrade the medico-legal units based on those recommendations. We recommend appointing an authorised officer, such as a forensic nurse or development officer, to the medico-legal units to handle forensic samples.

Investigation of a failed DNA assay leads to identification of an unexpected contaminant in a commonly used chromatography buffer.

For mammalian cell-derived recombinant biotherapeutics, controlling host cell DNA levels below a threshold is a regulatory requirement to ensure patient safety. DNA removal during drug substance manufacture is accomplished by a series of chromatography-based purification steps and a qPCR-based analytical method is most used to measure DNA content in the purified drug substance to enable material disposition. While the qPCR approach is mature and its application to DNA measurement is widespread in the industry, it is susceptible to trace levels of process-related contaminants that are carried forward. In this study, we observed failures in spike recovery studies that are an integral component of the qPCR-based DNA testing, suggesting the presence of an inhibitory compound in the sample matrix. We generated hypotheses around the origin of the inhibitory compound and generated multiple sample matrices and deployed a suite of analytical techniques including Raman and NMR spectroscopy to determine the origin and identity of the inhibitory compound. The caustic wash step and depth filter extractables were ruled out as root causes after extensive experimentation and DNA testing. Subsequently, 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), a buffer used in the chromatography unit operations, was identified as the source of the contaminant. A 500-fold concentration followed by Raman and NMR spectroscopy analysis revealed the identity of the inhibitory compound as polyvinyl sulfone (PVS), an impurity that originates in the MES manufacturing process. We have implemented PVS concentration controls for incoming MES raw material, and our work highlights the need for rigor in raw material qualification and control.

Considerations for Human ADME Strategy and Design Paradigm Shift(s) - An Industry White Paper.

The human absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (hADME) study is the cornerstone of the clinical pharmacology package for small molecule drugs, providing comprehensive information on the rates and routes of disposition and elimination of drug-related material in humans through the use of 14 C-labeled drug. Significant changes have already been made in the design of the hADME study for many companies, but opportunity exists to continue to re-think both the design and timing of the hADME study in light of the potential offered by newer technologies, that enable flexibility in particular to reducing the magnitude of the radioactive dose used. This paper provides considerations on the variety of current strategies that exist across a number of pharmaceutical companies and on some of the ongoing debates around a potential move to the so called "human first/human only" approach, already adopted by at least one company. The paper also provides a framework for continuing the discussion in the application of further shifts in the paradigm.

Medicine and the Law.

South African fertility clinics often include a provision in their consent forms that deals with the disposition of reproductive material (gametes and embryos) after a fertility patient's death. This practice is problematic as such a provision is not legally valid. If the clinic acts in pursuance of such a provision upon a fertility patient's death, the fertility clinic may be committing a civil wrong and a crime. Accordingly, consent forms should not include any provision that deals with the disposition of reproductive material after a fertility patient's death. Instead, to address the practical concern of keeping reproductive material cryopreserved without receiving payment, fertility clinics' storage agreements should use non-payment by fertility patients (or their successors in title) as the trigger event for the disposition of reproductive material. The importance of dealing with reproductive material in both its property rights dimension and its personality rights dimension is highlighted.

Alloying of Pu-Al with Stainless Steel for Material Disposition

The Savannah River National Laboratory has evaluated several options for the disposition of stainless steel (SS)–clad plutonium metal alloy. One of the technologies under consideration is alloying of the material with SS. The resulting SS-Pu alloy would be a nonproliferable waste form consisting of a secondary Pu composition region microencapsulated in the refractory SS. Two 8-kg ingots were made at SS-1.8Zr-0.4Pu alloys (in weight percent); 8 kg was determined in a previous study to be the maximum mass of SS ingot at the maximum target Pu loading of 350 g that would result in a SS-4.4Pu alloy (in weight percent). Two smaller 500-g ingots were also produced at SS-1.6Zr-1.4Pu and SS-1.4Pu (in weight percent). The alloying of 500-g ingots at a higher Pu concentration than in the 8-kg ingots was evaluated, and the necessity of adding Zr metal to incorporate the Pu and control Pu oxidation was evaluated. Zirconium addition was found to be unnecessary to incorporate the Pu and control Pu oxidation. Drill turnings were collected from the large and small ingots, and metallographic samples were directly cut from the small ingots. Both were analyzed to validate the structure and composition region formation. Chemical analyses of turnings proved that the Pu was dispersed within the SS ingots.

Welcome to Whenever: Exploring Suspended Life in Cryopreservation Practices

Cryopreservation practices have become increasingly important within contemporary life sciences in recent decades, opening up the perspective of modifying and modulating temporal pathways and developmental cycles. Exploring the concept of “suspended life,” this article first focuses on temporal liminality as cryopreservation practices operate by extending the present. I rely on Niklas Luhmann’s account of time, which advances the idea of an enduring present bound to the principle of reversibility. The second part of this article engages with the emergence of cryobanks. Drawing on Martin Heidegger’s concept of the “standing-reserve” ( Bestand), I conceive of cryobanks as storing facilities that ensure the disposition of organic material. The third section discusses the advent of a “politics of suspension” based on the proliferation of cryogenic life in contemporary societies, which is defined by reversibility and disposition. The conclusion sums up the main argument and briefly points to the social and political repercussions of this mode of governing the future by prolonging the present.

Metajelo: a Metadata Package for Journals to Support External Linked Objects

We propose a metadata package that is intended to provide academic journals with a lightweight means of registering, at the time of publication, the existence and disposition of supplementary materials. Information about the supplementary materials is, in most cases, critical for the reproducibility and replicability of scholarly results. In many instances, these materials are curated by a third party, which may or may not follow developing standards for the identification and description of those materials. As such, the vocabulary described here complements existing initiatives that specify vocabularies to describe the supplementary materials or the repositories and archives in which they have been deposited. Where possible, it reuses elements of relevant other vocabularies, facilitating coexistence with them. Furthermore, it provides an “at publication” record of reproducibility characteristics of a particular article that has been selected for publication. The proposed metadata package documents the key characteristics that journals care about in the case of supplementary materials that are held by third parties: existence, accessibility, and permanence. It does so in a robust, time-invariant fashion at the time of publication, when the editorial decisions are made. It also allows for better documentation of less accessible (non-public data), by treating it symmetrically from the point of view of the journal, therefore increasing the transparency of what up until now has been very opaque.

Rigidity Regulation Approach for Geometric Tolerance Optimization in End Milling of Thin-Walled Components

Abstract This article presents a novel approach to optimize geometric tolerances (flatness and cylindricity) by manipulating the rigidity among finishing and roughing cutting sequences during end milling of thin-walled components. The proposed approach considers the design configuration of the thin-walled component as an input and aims to determine semi-finished geometry such that the geometric tolerance parameters are optimized while performing a finish cutting sequence. The objective is accomplished by combining mechanistic force model, finite element (FE) analysis-based workpiece deflection model, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to determine optimal disposition of material along the length of component thereby regulating rigidity. The algorithm has been validated by determining the rigidity-regulated semi-finished geometries for thin-walled components having straight, concave, and convex configurations. The outcomes of the proposed algorithm are substantiated further by conducting a set of end milling experiments for each of these cases. The results of the proposed strategy are compared with a traditional approach considering no change in the rigidity of component along length of the cut. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach can effectively optimize geometric tolerances for thin-walled components during end milling operation.

Weathering and Biological Degradation of a Bioglycerol-Based Thermoset Material

Waste glycerol from biodiesel production (bioglycerol) can be used for obtaining rigid thermoset materials. In order to gain insights into applicability and final disposition of these renewable materials it is necessary evaluate their long-term behavior under environmental conditions as well as their biodegradability performance. A methyl methacrylate copolymer obtained from bioglycerol was subjected to weathering and biological degradation processes. The first stage of weathering degradation was evaluated using 340-nm light during 216–540 h. The material was affected slightly after 540 h aging, evidencing little chemical changes such as chains scissions as well as the formation of double bonds and hydroxyl groups due photodegradation. In the second stage of biodegradation, the polymer samples were exposed to microbial action of Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus fumigatus strains. The material showed evidences of fungi colonization and adherence to polymer surface as well as surface damage, after 30 days exposure.

Additive manufacturing of cantilever - From masonry to concrete 3D printing

3d printing of cementitious material is a relatively new additive manufacturing process whose growing interest and fast development is mainly due to the digitalised manufacturing, allowing the disposition of material where it pleases. Yet, due to the properties of the fresh material and the difficulty to generate paths for the robots, the printed geometries have remained simple. In this regard, this papers longs to broaden the range of printable shapes by proposing a process-aware exploration of the 3d printing design space.This is done by looking at historic strategies that have been developed to build cantilevers, vaults and domes in masonry - a more ancient additive manufacturing process. Similarities and main differences between the two processes are pointed out, at the scale of the component, the layer and the global structure. From that a classification of masonry strategies to build cantilevers is proposed, facilitating the identification of parameters for 3d printing that will allow to reproduce such structures. Later, some guidelines for the design of printable geometries and the generation of robotic toolpaths are given, in the light of previous findings.

Material Disposition and Scheduling in Regeneration Processes using Prognostic Data Mining

In the regeneration process of complex capital goods, the definite workload is uncertain until the goods are disassembled and inspected. Due to the uncertainty and long repair lead times, regeneration service providers have difficulties in achieving low regeneration times and meeting delivery dates. Delays in delivery are associated with contractual penalties and keeping a high stock level of spare parts coincides with a high capital tie-up. Therefore, this paper deals with the use of prognostic data mining for long-term material disposition and scheduling to accomplish a high delivery date reliability and low stock levels.

AVALIAÇÃO DA ESTRUTURA NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA EM SAÚDE PARA O SUPORTE BÁSICO DE VIDA

Descrever a estrutura das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) no atendimento para o Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV). Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em 13 Unidades Básicas de Saúde de um município do interior paulista, no período de dezembro de 2013 a junho de 2014, por meio de entrevistas estruturadas com os responsáveis e observação da estrutura. Foi elaborado um roteiro específico para esse estudo. As unidades estudadas não dispunham de todos os materiais, equipamentos e espaço necessários para o atendimento de SBV. Apenas os itens bolsa-válvula-máscara adulto e luvas de procedimento foram encontrados em 100% das unidades. Constatou-se a não adequação de grande parte das UBS a requisitos estruturais mínimos para o atendimento de SBV, bem como lacunas frente à organização e disposição dos materiais.

Control of the Belt Speed At an Uneven Loading of the Conveyor

Development of algorithms for controlling the speed of the conveyor belt, based on the distributed model of the transport system, containing partial differential equations. To calculate the parameters of a conveyor line with a variable speed of material motion, an instrument of math­ematical physics is used. Comparative analysis of conveyor transport system models is performed. Application of partial differential equations for simulating transport systems of conveyor type, which are complex dynamic distributed systems, is substantiated. A non­dimen­sional model of a conveyor system in instantaneous approximation with the use of partial­derivative equations is presented. A sys­tem of characteristic equations is recorded and a solution is developed which defines the value of material flow and material den­sity at an arbitrary point of time for the given point of the transportation route. An expression is obtained which defines the value of material delay in the transport system depending on the velocity defect law for conveyor belt movement. Transition period time is determined during which the output material flow is defined by the linear density of material disposition along the transportation route. Dependence for the material linear density and material flow for the steady-state condition are defined. The performance criterion of control of flow parameters of the conveyor system is recorded and a solution of the problem of optimal control of con­veyor belt speed providing the relay control mode with the minimum power consumption for material movement is found. An example of control algorithm development is given. PDE­models of transport systems of conveyor type and energy-­saving algorithms for controlling such systems have been improved. The proposed method for calculating the parameters of the conveyor line, which is a dynamic distributed system, can be used to design systems for optimal control of flow parameters of transport systems of conveyor type.

“Era bom que trocássemos umas ideias sobre o assunto”: análise à retórica da tecnologia

Technology, especially information and communication technologies, is a central variable in modern propaganda. Propaganda implies someone having powerful means of spreading a message, a possibility guaranteed by technique. This relationship can be drawn under a second form: technology as propagated content. The aim of this paper is to analyze this aspect, but articulating it with the material disposition of technology in everyday life as an also propagandistic way of presenting it. To this end, the concepts of "propaganda"by Jacques Ellul and "rhetoric"by Michel Meyer are articulated. In Ellul, propaganda is a totalizing practice; in Meyer, rhetoric is about questioning, an aspect sometimes absent of media - a fact associated with propaganda. It is believed that technology today presents itself as a totalization and with lack of questioning about its orientation. To demonstrate this, a set of cases and data are shown that identify the existence of a rhetoric of contundency in the communication of technology (called “front plane”) and in the experience of technical artifacts as consumer goods in everyday pragmatics (called “background plane”). In sum, an analysis is made of the state of the discussion about technical development, checking its weakness and highlighting its ethical and political implications.

Functionally Driven Modulation of Sarcomeric Structure and Membrane Systems in the Fast Muscles of a Copepod (Gaussia princeps).

Muscles of the mesopelagic copepod Gaussia princeps (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Calanoida) are responsible for repetitive movements of feeding and swimming appendages that are too fast to be followed by eye. This article provides a comparative functional and ultrastructural description of five muscles that have different contraction speeds and are located within different anatomical sites. All are very fast, as indicated by a thick:thin filament ratio of 3:1 and sarcomere lengths that vary between 1 and 3 μm. Measured lengths of thin and thick filaments indicate classification of the muscles into three distinct groups (short, medium, and long) and predict a difference in speed of up to threefold between fibers with the shortest and longest sarcomeres. Indeed, the kicking movement of the posterior legs (with the shortest sarcomere length) is approximately threefold faster than the simultaneous back-folding of the antennae (with the longest length). Thus, a specific relationship between speed of movement and sarcomere length is established, and we can use the latter to predict the former. Regulatory systems of contraction (sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR] and transverse [T] tubules) match the different contractile properties, varying in frequency of distribution and overall content in parallel to sarcomere variations. All muscles from appendages and body musculature show a unique disposition of contractile material, SR, and T tubules found only in copepod muscles; muscle filaments are grouped in large supermyofibrils that are riddled with frequent cylindrical shafts containing SR and T tubules. This arrangement insures a high spatial frequency of regulatory components. Anat Rec, 301:2164-2176, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

FAMILY NYCTERIBIIDAE.

This catalog presents eight species distributed among two genera and one subfamily of nycteribiid bat flies recorded in Colombia. For each genus we present synonymies and type species, and for each species account we present synonymies, disposition of type material, and specific localities and departments.