Relative Disposition Research Articles

Concepciones y prácticas para el arraigo en los centros educativos para la producción total

Rooting is postulated as a category to analyze the conceptions and practices that occur within the framework of the Educational Centers for Total Production (rural alternative secondary schools in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina) to achieve the permanence of students and their families in rural areas. There are two dimensions of rootedness: that linked to the emotional disposition in relation to the environment and that which involves collective actions to improve living conditions. Methodologically, data generated in field work started in 2016, carried out with a collaborative ethnographic approach, was analyzed. The analysis was carried out by creating emerging categories highlighting the positions of the various actors that participate in these Educational Centers (families, students, officials participated in the opening of these Centers). It is argued that, by establishing roots as an objective that exceeds education, these Educational Centers achieve the permanence of rural families through the development of productive projects and strategies for access to land. In this way, through articulation with an educational institution such as the CEPT, dynamics linked to the enclosure and expulsion of rural families are managed.

They approve but they don't act: promoting sustainable minority behavior with (conflicting) social norm appeals.

Social norm appeals are effective in promoting sustainable majority behavior but could backfire when the target behavior is only performed by a minority of people. However, emphasizing that an increasing number of people have started engaging in the behavior or that the majority approve the behavior might prevent such negative effects. However, only a few studies have investigated the combination of descriptive minority and injunctive majority social norm appeals, with inconsistent results. Some studies of minority behavior suggest that the characteristics of recipients might determine the inconsistent results regarding the impact of minority social norm appeals and that social norm appeals could have a greater impact on individuals with weaker environment related dispositions. Two two-wave studies investigated how descriptive minority appeals, injunctive majority appeals, and their combination can be used to motivate sustainable minority behavior and what role environment related dispositions play in this context. In the first part, perceived social norms, environment related dispositions, behavioral intentions, and pre-attitudes were measured. Two weeks later, respondents participated in a 3 (descriptive social norm appeal: static vs. dynamic vs. absent) × 2 (injunctive majority social norm appeal: present vs. absent) between-subjects experiment and watched an explainer video on voluntary carbon offsets that included various social norm appeals. In both studies, we found that social norm appeals influenced perceived social norms. However, persuasive effects were only observed in the first study, and an injunctive majority appeal increased persuasive outcomes, but there were no differences between the descriptive conditions and no differences in their impact depending on individuals' environment related dispositions in either study. A single exposure may be insufficient to exert persuasive effects and the change in perceived social norms may first need to be internalized. In online explainer videos, the effects of social norm appeals could be amplified by algorithm-based suggestions and when social norm appeals draw attention to norm-conforming content. However, further research is required on the long-term effects and their possible amplification via social media.

Absolute and relative stability of loss aversion across contexts.

Individuals' decisions under risk tend to be in line with the notion that "losses loom larger than gains." This loss aversion in decision making is commonly understood as a stable individual preference that is manifested across different contexts. The presumed stability and generality, which underlies the prominence of loss aversion in the literature at large, has been recently questioned by studies reporting how loss aversion can disappear, and even reverse, as a function of the choice context. The present study investigated whether loss aversion reflects a trait-like attitude of avoiding losses or rather individuals' adaptability to different contexts. We report three experiments investigating the within-subject context sensitivity of loss aversion in a two-alternative forced-choice task. Our results show that the choice context can shift people's loss aversion, though somewhat inconsistently. Moreover, individual estimates of loss aversion are shown to have a considerable degree of stability. Altogether, these results indicate that even though the absolute value of loss aversion can be affected by external factors such as the choice context, estimates of people's loss aversion still capture the relative dispositions toward gains and losses across individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Влияние пространственно-временных факторов на ценностное сознание студенческой молодежи

The spatial and temporal factors influencing the value consciousness of students are considered. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the temporal characteristics of values and meanings are analyzed. The author comes to the conclusion that the time perspective affects the formation of life goals and plans. As a social manifestation of temporality, uncertainty is considered as a socio-cultural phenomenon and its impact on the value consciousness of students. Uncertainty reflects the temporal aspects of the sociocultural sphere of society. It is proved that in conditions of uncertainty, a strategy of «social surfing» is formed, which is implemented in frequent changes of statuses and roles without deep identification with social structures. In this context, the time perspective is highlighted as a characteristic of the value consciousness of students, which also reflects the reaction of a social subject to a state of uncertainty. Digital communications are considered as a spatial factor in which virtual identity and virtual roles and related role dispositions are formed and constituted. The latter include a system of attitudes and values. The risks for the value consciousness of young people in the space of digital communications are highlighted.

Macrophages polarization in renal inflammation and fibrosis animal models (Review)

Macrophages polarization in renal inflammation and fibrosis animal models (Review)

How Trees Shape Urban Spaces: Multiplicity and Differentiation of the Urban Forest Viewed from a Visual-Spatial Perspective

Abstract Background The field of urban forestry encompasses many dimensions, of which that of visual-spatial perception, addressing the spatial relationship between city and trees, has received little attention. Analyzing the urban forest from a visual-spatial perspective is needed to understand relationships between different components as well as site-specific qualities. Methods Tree configurations describe the relationship between form and space, determined by the relative disposition of the trees which result from an interaction between design and the development over time. Based on field observations, with the city of Delft in the Netherlands as a case study, 35 generic tree configuration types have been defined. With this “vocabulary,” specific tree configurations and their relations are researched, describing the urban forest from an eye-level perspective as an essential level on which the spatiality of the urban forest can be understood. Results Unraveling the urban forest components by comparing two emblematic ensembles of tree configurations allows an understanding of their heterogeneity as well as their coherence and dynamics. Conclusions The relationship of the tree vocabulary with the specific location exposes their role as an ordering structure and a carrier of the identity of Delft, and their differentiation and site-specific qualities, revealing a composition of wooded areas each with their own characteristics, shows both urban and forested areas as equivalent components of an urban forest mosaic. This differentiation can be used as a tool for strengthening relations between the different components as well as diversity and heterogeneity in urban forests.

Are Pre-Service Educators Prepared to Implement Personalized Learning?: An Alignment Analysis of Educator Preparation Standards

Traction is growing for personalized learning (PL) as an educational innovation that aims to provide learning experiences to meet diverse learning needs. However, little research has investigated how PL is positioned in professional standards that provide guidance on teacher education across content-specific disciplines and for diverse learner populations. Using an alignment methodology, this study identified and analyzed 193 out of 654 educator preparation standard components in the U.S. education system for the presence of teaching practices that may better respond to the need for PL implementation. This research revealed different percentages of standard components reflecting expectations for educators to understand learner characteristics, tailor instruction to learner needs, and advocate for promoting learning outcomes for individual learners. Moreover, noticeable patterns exist among standards across disciplines and for diverse learner populations regarding how they focus on knowledge, competencies, and dispositions in relation to preparing educators for PL implementation.

A multi-method investigation of motive dispositions: affiliative and antagonistic dispositions in psychopathy

Purpose To replicate and extend research on psychopathy and intrinsic interpersonal preferences under the broader umbrella of affiliation, intimacy and antagonism, this paper aims to examine motivational correlates of psychopathy in a nonclinical sample (N = 125). Design/methodology/approach We used a multimethod design, including self-reports, a behavioral task and a physiological assessment of motive dispositions (automatic affective reactions to stimuli of interpersonal transactions measured with facial electromyography). Findings Results showed that self-reported psychopathy was negatively associated with self-reported intimacy motive. In the same vein, via the social discounting task, this paper found a negative association between psychopathy and a tendency to share hypothetical monetary amounts with very close others. Finally, regarding fEMG findings, multilevel analyses revealed that although individuals with low levels of psychopathy reacted more positively to affiliative stimuli, individuals with high levels of psychopathy reacted equally positively to both affiliative and antagonistic stimuli, and these results were robust across psychopathy measures. Results remained mostly unchanged on the subscale level. Originality/value These findings highlight the contribution of multimethod assessments in capturing nuances of motivation. Implicit physiological measures might be particularly sensitive in capturing motive dispositions in relation to psychopathy. Identifying mechanisms that foster positive connections between psychopathic traits and nonprosocial tendencies may be theoretically and clinically informative, with implications for forensic and penal practices.

Making the left behind as a subject of crisis

Working through the narrative construction of the left behind, the article explores how groups become visible as subjects of crisis, with reference to material conditions, attitudinal disposition and moral outlook. It suggests that crisis provides a panoramic vision that is crucial for understanding how authors delineate left behind subjectivity, suggest relational dispositions and put audiences and spectators into the frame. Considering book-length titles and policy proposals, the article examines contributions to a body of work that speaks on behalf of populations and makes them subject of social-diagnostic, moral and political evaluation. It argues that this type of image-making renders left behind constituencies visible as subjects of resentment but without history, self-authorship and depth. With this focus, the article adds a critical perspective to the study of crises at a point when their permanence and multiplication challenge existing frameworks.

Stabilizing σ-hole Dimethyl Interactions.

Methyl groups bound to electronegative atoms, such as N or O, are recognized to participate in tetrel bonding as Lewis acids. On the other hand, the capability of methyl groups bound to electropositive atoms, such as B or Al, to act as Lewis bases has been recently reported. Herein, we analyze the combination of these two behaviors to establish attractive methyl···methyl interactions. We have explored the Cambridge Structural Database to find experimental examples of these dimethyl-bound systems, finding a significant degree of directionality in the relative disposition of the two methyl groups. Moreover, we have carried out a comprehensive computational analysis at the DFT level of the dimethyl interactions, including the natural bond orbital, energy decomposition analysis, and topological analysis of the electron density (QTAIM and NCI). The dimethyl interaction is characterized as weak yet attractive and based on electrostatics, with a non-negligible contribution from orbital charge transfer and polarization.

Masseteric Nerve Ultrasound Identification for Dynamic Facial Reanimation Purposes.

The masseteric nerve is one of the main options to neurotize free muscle flaps in irreversible long-term facial paralysis. Several preoperative skin-marking techniques for the masseteric nerve have been proposed to limit the surgical dissection area, shorten the surgical time, and enable a safer dissection. However, these have shown variability among them, and cannot visualize the nerve preoperatively. The authors designed an observational study to validate a high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) nerve identification technique. A systematic HFUS examination was designed and performed to visualize the masseteric nerve in 64 hemifaces of healthy volunteers. One-third were randomly selected to undergo an additional HFUS-guided needle electrostimulation to validate the HFUS image. The masseteric nerve was identified by HFUS in 96.9% of hemifaces (95% CI, 0.89 to >0.99) and showed almost perfect agreement with direct needle stimulation as calculated with Cohen kappa coefficient (0.95; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.00). The masseteric nerve was found within the masseter muscle, in between the deeper muscle bellies, at 18.3 mm (SD ±2.2) from the skin. Only in 12.9% of cases (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.24) did its course become adjacent to the mandible periosteum. Other important features, such as disposition in relation to the parotid gland, or if the nerve was covered directly by a thick intramuscular aponeurosis, could be well observed by HFUS. HFUS enables masseteric nerve identification and can provide the surgeon with specific information on anatomical relations for each examined individual before surgery.

Decolonization as pedagogy: a praxis of ‘becoming’ in ELT

Abstract This introduction to the special issue on ‘Decolonizing ELT’ defines pedagogy as expanding beyond the classroom and knowledge concerns to accommodate embodied affective, social, and cultural learning that draws from and transforms environmental and geopolitical spaces. It defines pedagogy as a ‘praxis’, involving the reflexivity of action, reflection, and relearning, thus challenging the condescending view of ‘practice’ as secondary to research, policy, and scholarship. This perspective enhances the political stakes in pedagogy by contesting the micro/macro binary that relegates pedagogic resistance to ineffectual local changes. Reviewing constructs from Southern epistemologies, such as non-duality, relationality, becoming, coexistence, ethical values, and non-representational dispositions, this introduction outlines a decolonial ELT. A decolonial pedagogy focuses on developing the ethical, relational, and critical dispositions that will help students negotiate very diverse and unpredictable communicative contexts for meaningful and inclusive communication, drawing from all the semiotic resources in the environment. Rather than ‘transferable’ norms and rules, it focuses on ‘adaptive’ dispositions that help negotiate unpredictable communicative interactions.

Cultivating Moral Agency in a Technology Ethics Course

The rapid pace of technological development often outstrips the ability of legislators and regulators to establish proper guardrails on emerging technologies. A solution is for those who develop, deploy, and use these technologies to develop themselves as moral agents—i.e., as agents capable of steering the course of emerging technologies in a direction that will benefit humanity. However, there is a dearth of literature discussing how to foster moral agency in computer science courses, and little if any research on the effectiveness of such courses in computer science. This paper addresses this gap by providing an overview of an undergraduate course on technology ethics. It then shares and discusses a subset of data collected from a mixed-methods study using a pre-post design that sought to examine the course’s effectiveness in developing students’ moral, intellectual, and civic virtues, as well as related dispositions.

Maximizing–satisficing and medical maximizing–minimizing are related but distinct dispositions.

Maximizing–satisficing and medical maximizing–minimizing are related but distinct dispositions.

On the Relation Between the Relative Disposition of Injector Devices and the Dispersivity of the Generated Aerosol

On the Relation Between the Relative Disposition of Injector Devices and the Dispersivity of the Generated Aerosol

DECCAN VOLCANIC OF MALWA, STRATIGRAPHY AND CORRELATION OF BASALTIC LAVA FLOWS USING MEGACRYST BEARING HORIZON AS TOOL, PARTS OF WESTERN M.P. INDIA

A review of earlier studies of the Deccan Trap occurrences of parts of Ratlam, Mandsaur, Jhabua, Dhar, Khargone, Indore, Ujjain and Shajapur districts of Madhya Pradesh, India was carried out of the area falling between latitudes 220 0000 to 2400000N and longitudes 7400000 to 7600000 in Survey of India Quadrangle sheet Nos. 46I, 46J, 46M and 46N.The main objectives of the study were to synthesize the data on the Deccan Trap basaltic lava flows , their types ,their diagnostic characteristics with special emphasis on delineating and identifying the various megacryst horizons , their levels with specific elevation above m.s.l. to build up the litho-stratigraphy for regional correlation. Broadly the area exhibits the Proterozoic Aravalli Supergroup, the Cretaceous, Bagh and Lameta Groups and the Deccan basaltic lava flows with intruded dykes and sills. The Aravalli Supergroup is represented by the Udaipur, Lunavada and Champaner Groups. The Udaipur Group consists mainly of hornblende gneiss, marble and calc-silicate, carbonaceous phyllites and chlorite schist. The Lunavada Group comprises dolomitic limestone (Phosphate bearing), quartzite, muscovite quartzite, quartz muscovite schist, feldspathised quartzite, gneissic feldspathic rock and biotitic gneiss. The Champaner Group is represented by dolomite, phyllite, slates and basic intrusives. The Aravalli Super group of rocks is also intruded by serpentinite, pyroxinite, granite and basic rocks. The Aravalli Supergroup of rocks is unconformably overlain by Cretaceous marine sedimentary deposits of Bagh Group. It includes Lower arenaceous and Upper calcareous units and occurs as discontinuous outcrops. These are almost horizontally to sub horizontally disposed. The Bagh Group is represented by three units / Formations i.e. Nimar sandstone overlain by nodular limestone and subsequently by coralline limestone. The Lameta Group of rocks is noticed in the area east and South East of Bagh exposures, overlying the Nimar sandstones. These rocks predominantly consist of limestone, gritty sandstone and conglomerate and generally exhibit hummocky topography and sometimes display solution channels. These are mostly horizontally to sub-horizontally disposed with an average thickness of 5- 6 m. The Deccan Trap has occupied a very long stretch of area which consists of a sequence of 121 basaltic lava flows with a cumulative thickness of about 610 m. These flows represent a sequence of cyclic lava eruptions with fine to medium grained a aphyric to sparsely / moderately / highly / mega porphyritic lava. About two third of the total flows exhibit Aa characters and the rest are compound and simple Pahoehoe. Some of these flows consist of megacryst units containing feldspar laths varying in size round two to five cm. These megacryst horizons have been identified at different elevations in Quadrangles 46I, J, M, N and on the basis of these horizons, various flows have been grouped into to six Formations which have specific nomenclatures and stratigraphic status. These formations are in the order of antiquity 1) Mandleshwar formation, 2) Choral formation,3) Dhar formations 4) Indore Formation 5) Bargonda Formation and 6) Singarchori Formation. Full sequence is exposed only in quadrangle 46N whereas the Quadrangles 46I, J, M do not exhibit Bargonda and Singarchori Formations. An attempt has been made to correlate the various Formations in degree sheets 46 I, J, M, N with the surroundings Geological Quadrangles. The Megacryst bearing lava- flows act as marker horizons for this purpose. A large number of dykes and dyke swamps of basaltic as well as doleritic compositions have been marked around the Narmada River. The intensity of the dykes is more in the oldest Mandleshwar Formations and it gradually decreases in increasing order of antiquity towards the younger Bargonda and Singarchori Formations. The general trend of these dykes varies from East North East – West South West to E-W running sub parallel to the Narmada lineament, besides a few dykes also cut across this lineament trend and oriented along NNW-SSE to N-S direction. The Length of these dykes varies from about 200 m to 20 Km with width varying from a few meters to as much as 200 m. The possibility exists that these dykes may have been actually feeders through which periodic eruptions of tholiitic basaltic lava took place resulting in formation of such a thick pile of lava flows. Besides as many as seven Intertrapean fossiliferous sedimentary horizons have been recognized within the basal part of the flows. These demonstrate episodic nature of volcanic activity, long periods of quiescence and resilience. The overall study of various lava flow s and their interrelations their relative dispositions thinning /swelling and pinching nature. Their relative elevations, occurrence of marker megacryst units, change in lava characters, overall gradient of lava flows and their relation to preexisting topography and slope elements reveals that the sources of lava eruptions of Older Formations are situated somewhere in the west and south west whereas those of Younger Formations are located in the Eastern part of Mhow of the area studied.

Narrative Economics, Public Policy and Mental Health

General public’s mental health can be affected by the public policy response to a pandemic threat. Britain, Italy and Sweden have had very distinct approaches to the COVID-19 pandemic: early lock-down, delayed lock-down and no-lock-down. We develop a novel narrative economics of language Culture-Based Development approach, and using Google trend data for seed keywords, death and suicide, we reach two main conclusions: (i) while countries had a pre-existing culturally relative disposition towards death-related anxiety, the sensitivity to the public policy towards COVID-19 was also country specific; (ii) however, significant spillovers from one specific national lockdown public policy to another country’s mental health are identified.

Cognitive and personality variables as predictors of sexism against women in Spanish adolescents

Previous research on the antecedents of sexism against women have not considered simultaneously the effects of sex, personality, and cognitive variables (need for closure and critical thinking disposition) in relation to sexism. We evaluated whether in adolescence, these indicators could predict sexist attitudes towards women using structural models. The sample comprised 709 Spanish high-school students (mean age = 16.79). 51.5% were female. Sex (being male), need for closure and critical thinking were the most relevant predictors of sexism. The disposition to think critically is as relevant as the motivational dimension of cognition (need for closure) to predict sexism. Multi-group structural models by sex were estimated, and a moderator effect was found between openness to experience and sexism. We suggest future lines of research to disentangle the effects of personality and cognition on sexism and to guide intervention programs to reduce sexist attitudes among adolescents.

Exploring The Level of Livelihood Security of The Farmers Adopted Integrated Farming System in West Bengal

The present study was conducted at three blocks of Cooch Behar district in West Bengal due to the availability of farmers adopted the Integrated farming system for securing their livelihoods. A multistage, purposive and random sampling methods were followed in case of selecting the respondents for the present study. A structured interview schedule was prepared and personal interview method was used for data collection. A total of 175 farmers taken for the study who adopted Integrated Farming System for securing their livelihood. Level of livelihood security was taken as dependent variable and other 21 independent variables were considered for the study to explore the relational dispositions. The study revealed that majority of the farmers (57.14 %) were in the category of medium level of livelihood security followed by high level (24.00%) and low level of livelihood security (18.86%). The independent variables education, family education status, occupation, annual family income, annual family expenditure, land holding, irrigation facilities, material possession, animal possession, credit seeking behaviour, information seeking behaviour, social participation, scientifi c orientation, economic orientation, innovativeness and management effi ciency had shown positive and signifi cant association with the livelihood security and only the variable material possession had shown positively and signifi cantly contributing towards characterising the dependent variable, level of livelihood security.

Magnetic shape fabric analysis from syntectonic granites: a study based on the eigenvalue method

AbstractWe investigate the shape and strength of the magnetic fabrics (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data) of various massive granitic plutons from different parts of India, using the eigenvalue method. The study aims to analyse eigenvalues and establish their relationship with various deformational attributes. It involves: (1) calculating eigenvectors and their corresponding eigenvalues from magnetic fabric datasets; (2) finding a link between the geometrical appearance of eigenvectors and the mechanistic issues involved with a specific deformation scenario; and (3) determining shape and strength parameters from the magnetic foliation data distribution.The statistical analysis for the unimodal magnetic fabric dataset of orthorhombic symmetry class implies that the plane, consisting of intermediate (V2) and minimum (V3) eigenvectors with pole V1, accurately traces the instantaneous stretching axis (ISAmax) of a particular material flow system under a pure shear regime. Moreover, for the distributions of similar symmetry and modality, we infer that the rotational characteristics of eigenvectors with respect to a fixed coordinate cause a distinct shift of such planes (V2–V3) from the ISAmax of a steady-state flow system under simple shear, where a substantial amount of rotational strain is involved. However, our findings also suggest that variation in symmetry and modality of magnetic fabric data distribution of different studied granitoids can directly influence the relative disposition of V2–V3 with respect to the direction of ISAmax. We conclude that eigenvalue analysis of magnetic fabrics is a powerful approach, which can be utilized while studying the salient deformational aspects of any syntectonic massive granitic body.