Disposal Of Pesticides Research Articles

Farmers’ pesticide use and knowledge of aquatic ecosystem contamination with its perceived health risk from contaminated fish consumption in northern Ghana

Pesticide residues in agricultural environments pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Most studies investigate the quantity, environmental, and risk assessment of pesticides in agricultural landscapes. However, farmers’ pesticide use and their knowledge on aquatic ecosystem contamination remain limited and poorly documented. This study evaluated pesticide residue concerns in agricultural settings, focusing on farmers’ uses and knowledge. It addressed pesticide application methods and their effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health through fish consumption. A cross-sectional design was employed and 300 farmers were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique from two agricultural districts – Savelugu Municipal and Tamale Metropolis. The study revealed that maize was most cultivated (29.6 %) with extensive pesticide treatment, particularly herbicides in the study setting. Findings revealed pesticide overuse (22.3 %), mixing of pesticides at the water bodies (24.7 %), improper leftover pesticide disposal methods (39.0 %) and inadequate storage practices (63.0 %) among farmers. About 21.3 % and 74.0 % of farmers have insufficient knowledge of the resulting consequences and the discharge of pesticides into the aquatic environment, respectively. Though the farmers are aware of the detrimental impact of pesticides on human health, there is still a lack of comprehension regarding the indirect consequences for aquatic ecosystems and non-target species. In the study setting, extension services may be important sources of knowledge. Thus, emphasizes the significance of improving extension programmes and utilizing peer-to-peer communication channels to support the adoption of best practices in pesticide management such as licenced high-temperature incinerators and cement kilns with sufficient emission controls. Focused training and outreach programmes designed to enhance farmers' knowledge and implementation of pesticide management plans are urgently needed. These interventions would help in reducing the dangers of pollution to aquatic ecosystems and human health.

Impact of IPM training on pest management practices in major vegetables in Palpa, Nepal

A study assessed the impact of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) training on pest management practices in major vegetable crops in Palpa district. A total of 138 respondents were selected through purposive random sampling from Tansen municipality and the rural municipalities of Bagnaskali and Ribdikot. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews on prevailing IPM practices, pesticide handling, and challenges in IPM adoption. The analysis, employing descriptive and inferential statistics including chi-square tests, revealed that most trained respondents were from Tansen municipality, with more females than males receiving training. Although respondents preferred botanical methods, they predominantly used chemical pesticides due to availability, lack of biopesticides, high costs of IPM, social constraints, and the absence of block farming. Agro-vet stores were the main information source on pesticides. The level of pest control influenced chemical pesticide purchases, with low awareness of pest resistance. Both trained and non-trained respondents sprayed pesticides during pest outbreaks, with few reporting symptoms from exposure. Trained respondents exhibited greater awareness of the impacts of chemical pesticides on beneficial insects and soil health, the importance of waiting periods, safe pesticide disposal, and safety precautions. Significant associations were found between IPM training and chemical pesticide use, awareness of their impacts on beneficial insects, pesticide disposal methods, waiting periods, safety precautions, and perceptions of soil impact. The study highlighted the critical role of training in enhancing pest management practices and awareness of the adverse effects of chemical pesticides, underscoring the need for increased availability of biopesticides and support for IPM adoption.

Evaluation of the use of Training and Awareness and the Promotion of the Safe use, Handling, Application, Storage, and Disposal of Pesticides as a Risk Reduction Strategy to Pesticide Exposure: A Case Study with Farmers in Ruby, Parika and Naamryck Farming Communities in Guyana

Evaluation of the use of Training and Awareness and the Promotion of the Safe use, Handling, Application, Storage, and Disposal of Pesticides as a Risk Reduction Strategy to Pesticide Exposure: A Case Study with Farmers in Ruby, Parika and Naamryck Farming Communities in Guyana

Methods for ensuring the processing and disposal of agricultural waste

Nowadays, the issue of processing and disposal of agricultural waste is becoming increasingly relevant. Agriculture has a serious impact on the environment, and pollution from waste from poultry and livestock farms is often associated with imperfect technologies and equipment used, as well as non-compliance with environmental standards. The purpose of this article is to explore effective ways to process and dispose of agricultural waste. We will look at different methods of recycling and recycling agricultural waste, and also offer recommendations for optimizing this process. Keywords. Agricultural waste, recycling technologies, waste processing, livestock waste, crop waste, pesticide disposal.

Farmers Knowledge on Pesticide Usage in Paddy and Cabbage Crops

The study was conducted to investigate the knowledge of the farmers on pesticide use in selected crops during 2019-22. Two crops namely paddy and cabbage were selected and tow districts that have higher area namely Koppal and Belagavi were selected. In each district, two taluks and eighty farmers were selected for each crop by simple random procedure to form a total sample of 160 farmers. Overall knowledge index of pesticides by farmers was higher in case of paddy (73.57%) and cabbage (64.76%) farmers. Among the various dimensions, knowledge index was highest with respect to concentration and application practice (96.72% & 82.97%), types of sprayers and maintenance (91.25% & 87.50%), IPM practices (73.75% & 70.00) among paddy, and cabbage. Further, knowledge with respect to pest identification (69.06% & 57.66%), toxicity of pesticide and labels signs (68.59% & 61.09%) and disposal of pesticides and personal hygiene (67.86% & 61.09%) was around sixty percent among cabbage and paddy growers respectively. Further, low index was observed with respect to pesticide selection (26.88% & 38.54%) in case of paddy and cabbage growers respectively. Regarding overall knowledge of the pesticide use the findings revealed that Majority (72.50%) of the growers belongs to medium knowledge of pesticide category in case of paddy, low knowledge category in cabbage crop (38.75%) there is need for orientation to the farmers on different insect pests and pathogens through training and digital media. The short video on pests in different crops may be prepared and made access to upload on smart phones of farmers.

A Detailed Survey on Awareness, Knowledge and Practice of Pesticides Used Against Various Vegetables, Fruits and Cereal Crops Grown in and Around Udaipur Region of South Rajasthan, India

The present study was designed to have an insight into the different crops grown, gain information about the different pesticides used, the various practices adopted for the storage, application, and disposal of pesticides, and to know the awareness status of the farmers of in and around Udaipur region regarding the harmful effects of pesticides. An explicit and detailed questionnaire was prepared and formal interviews and field observations were used to gather information on farmers’ knowledge of pesticides and safety practices. The survey was conducted between February, 2021 to September, 2021. The survey questionnaire was developed to document the information regarding types of crops grown, pesticides used, their dosage and application pattern, and associated hazards. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and getting a questionnaire filled by 304 farmers. The target of the study was explained to these respondents and the questionnaire was duly signed to seek their consent in order to ensure their cooperation, which was very important for the study. It was evident from the survey that 59% of respondents had ensured safe storage and 31% stored them in open fields, 59.44% of respondents placed the empty containers in the trash; 11.24% discarded them in the field and 25.30% burnt them at the farm itself, 87.56% respondents ensured that they washed hands properly with soap after using pesticides; 33.31% ensured the use of face mask and 72.54% respondents were aware of pesticide associated risk and contamination and 27.46% didn’t have many ideas about it. The results reveal that the most commonly used pesticides were 2,4-D, profenofos, phorate, atrazine, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, glyphosate, etc. some of these pesticides are under restricted use and belong to the highly toxic group as classified by World Health Organization. Summing up the results obtained, it is suggested that proper monitoring of pesticides along with awareness amongst the farmers of the Udaipur region is needed to minimize the dangerous effect of pesticides on humans and the environment as 27.46% of respondents which could be either farm owners or

Pesticide Utilization in Myanmar and effects on Human Health and Environment

Human health and environmental hazards associated with pesticide handling are common in developing countries, as farmers and agricultural workers frequently lack proper personal protective equipment and may be unable to understand labels with safety instructions. Importation, distribution, use, storage, and disposal of pesticides. Pesticide utilization globally is increasing every year and Myanmar pesticide utilization is also increasing year by year. Its global rank of utilization is 86 and the quantity of pesticide application dosage is 1.4 kg per hectare. Although Myanmar's pesticide application rate per hectare is not as high as in other countries, ignorance of the pre-harvest interval after pesticide application, failure to follow labeling guidelines, calibration, misuse, and improper disposal pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. The goal of this review paper is to examine the uses and application of pesticides in Myanmar to raise awareness about pesticide misuse and to understand the negative effects of pesticides on human health and the environment. Pesticide misuse is a severe problem in agricultural productivity, putting farmers' health and environment at hazard. Pesticide impacts on the environment have a long-term effect on human life, according to numerous studies, it persists in the environment with long-term negative effects. As a result, pesticide management should be strictly regulated for the whole supply chain process of pesticides.

Behavioural Response of Oreochromis niloticus Fingerlings Exposed to Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Imidacloprid

Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid pesticide that was once thought to be a solution to environmental pollution caused by previous pesticides like organophosphates and organochlorines has raised global concern recently. The present study aimed at assessing the effect of Imidacloprid on the behaviour of a commercially important fish species, Oreochromis niloticus. The study involved a 48 h sub-lethal toxicity test which was carried out with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 ppm of Imidacloprid. Fingerlings of O. niloticus weighing between 18 and 32g were exposed to these concentrations in a static bioassay with continuous aeration. Regular observation of the clinical signs revealed that fish exposed to higher concentrations of Imidacloprid displayed behavioural abnormalities such as erratic behaviour, respiratory stress, and irregular nervousness. The findings of this study revealed that Imidacloprid is toxic and causes behavioural distress on O. niloticus fingerlings. Therefore, there is urgent need for further studies to determine safe limit of Imidacloprid and other pesticides in the environment. Unregulated disposal of toxic pesticides should be avoided, to ensure human safety and environmental sustainability.

Knowledge, perception, and pesticide application practices among smallholder cocoa farmers in four Ghanaian cocoa-growing regions.

Pesticides are widely used in Ghana, especially in cocoa farming. However, the practice is suboptimal and unsupervised. Incorrect use of these chemicals can seriously harm human health, the environment, and economies that rely on these farmers' output. The study assessed cocoa farmers' pesticide knowledge, practices, and risk perception. Four hundred and four cocoa farmers were chosen randomly from 26 communities in four cocoa-growing regions of Ghana to answer questions about their risk knowledge, awareness, and practices, including personal protective equipment, storage and disposal of leftover pesticides, and used containers. The study revealed that 87% of the respondents belonged to cooperatives and certification groups. There was a significant positive relationship between group membership and benefits derived from inputs and training in pesticide use. About 70% of insecticides used were approved by the Ghana Cocoa Board, with neonicotinoids and pyrethroids being the most highly used insecticide classes in cocoa farms. Although farmers claimed adequate pesticide knowledge, this did not translate into practice, with the majority exhibiting improper pesticide storage, application, and disposal practices. Farmers appeared to know a lot but lacked the skills and attitude to put their knowledge to use. The improper practices appear to manifest in a variety of health symptoms experienced by farmers as a result of chemical exposure. The findings from this study suggest that cocoa farmers in Ghana require adequate practical training and support on pesticide use to reduce their associated health risks, protect the environment and ensure sustainable cocoa production in the world's second-largest cocoa bean exporter.

IPM: Disposal of waste pesticides.

IPM: Disposal of waste pesticides.

Human health risk assessment of pesticides used for rice cultivation in an agricultural pockets of Eastern India

AbstractFood consumption is one of the principal reasons of human exposures to pesticides. The research analyses the relation between pesticide contaminations and their possible adverse health impacts. Rice grain and soil samples were collected from seven blocks of Bargarh district, Odisha. Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was used for the analysis and characterization of various pesticides present in rice grain as well as in soil samples. The identified pesticide residues in rice grain samples were found to be in the sequence of ∑DDT > chlorpyrifos > chlorothalonil > vinclozolin > chlorthal‐dimethyl > endosulfan‐1 > lindane. Detected pesticide concentrations were found to exceed the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) set by the Codex Alimentarius International Food Standards with DDT having the highest concentration of 29.27 mg/kg (which is 292 times the MRLs) and lindane with the least concentration of 4.35 mg/kg (which is 435 times the MRLs). Estimated average daily intake (EADI) was found to be higher for DDT and lower for lindane. The Health Risk Index (HRI) for DDT was higher and lower for chlorothalonil in all the samples. Results of one‐way ANOVA reflected no significant differences in variance between the concentrations of pesticides in rice grain samples. Result showed that the residual levels of ∑DDT in soil ranged between 7.8 and 29.3 mg/kg which was the maximum concentration among all the pesticides. Lindane and chlorthal‐dimethyl showed the least concentration ranging between 1.2–4.2 and 1.6–4.1 mg/kg, respectively. DDT had the highest bioconcentration factor (BCF) ranging between 1 and 4. Lindane and endosulfan‐1 had the lowest BCF ranging between 1 and 2. BCF value of other pesticides were found between the range of 1 and 4. Bioconcentration factors of pesticides in rice and soil samples indicated that pesticides in soil could get accumulated in rice. It was observed that the health risk associated with the consumption of rice could be because of its contamination by the pesticides in the study area or of the biomagnification of pesticides from the soil. It is necessary to spreading the awareness regarding safer use, storage and disposal of pesticides should be given utmost importance at the moment as an attempt to reduce or eliminate the environmental contaminations caused by them. National authorities should enforce proper rules and regulations in order to monitor and control the vigorous use of chemical loaded pesticides in agriculture and various other fields. It would be even better to substitute the chemical pesticides with the organic component‐based Bio‐pesticides as a safer option for the mankind and its environment.

Use of industrial composts for the degradative disposal of pesticides

Destruction of pesticides using municipal solid waste (MSW) composting is one of the only rational uses for such waste. Voluminous production of compost featuring high heavy-metal-content, and negative costs of such material, make it possible to inexpensively implement certain large-scale processes at minimal cost. One of these is bioremediation of pesticides which, for various reasons (banned, expired, fall in demand, loss of activity, etc.), cannot be used as intended. An important aspect, however, is that not all pesticides are successfully degraded using MSW industrial compost. Mandatory checks are necessary to ensure that methods are effective for each active substance present in the materials undergoing remediation or destruction. This paper presents research results on the degradation of thiamethoxam, clothianidin, fludioxonil, and E-azoxystrobin using industrial composts produced at the ‘SPbGUP MPBO-2’ waste facility (Yanino region, St. Petersburg, Russia). It was shown that the compost contains microorganisms previously described in the literature as degraders of one or more of the pesticides analyzed. These include fungi of the genera Cladosporium and Phanerochaete. A number of degradative bacteria are also present, such as: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Bacillus subtilis and another Bacillus spp.; Pseudomonas; Achromobacter; Mesorhizobium; Microbacterium; and Pseudoxanthomonas. Degradation of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in compost was shown. A resistance to degradation, however, was noted with fludioxonil and E-azoxystrobin.

Pesticide handling and waste management: a case study on DDT and HCHs from the Southern Caucasus

This study presents a survey on pesticide use, pesticide storage and pesticide disposal among 100 residents near a former pesticide store in rural Georgia using a standardized paper questionnaire. More than one quarter of the participants responded that the age of the pesticides they use is higher than 20 years. Based on this finding, it cannot be excluded that persistent organic pollutants like Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane and hexachlorocyclohexanes still are released to the environment. Knowledge about active ingredients of pesticides is lacking among farmers: More than two thirds state that they know the active ingredients, while less than 10% mention an active ingredient matching the brand name they report. Purchasing pesticides in containers without labels appears to be common practice. Information about the pesticides is mainly obtained from the pesticide retailer, while the label is less important as a source of information. More than 95% of the participants store the pesticides in a separate store, but appropriate possibilities of hazardous waste disposal seem to be insufficient in rural areas in the region. The finding that pesticides are purchased and stored in repacked secondary containers, poses direct risks and hampers communication of risks to users. Improving (implementation of) regulations for pesticide handling and strengthening local knowledge through better vocational training can improve soil and groundwater protection and sustainable use of resources.Article highlightsOne of the main findings is that residents report using the pesticides for a long time. Not only are the pesticides used way longer than they may remain suitable for use, but also the pesticides could be dating from before international legislation entered into force which was set up to protect from long-lived organic pollutants (the Stockholm Convention). Our results show that often pesticides are repacked and stored in alternative containers such as plastic containers for detergents. This means users cannot find important information on how to use pesticides safely on these alternative containers. The label cannot be used as a source of information for example regarding health risks. This may lead to poisoning of users.In Georgia, the transition process results in poor implementation of environmental regulations such as laws about waste management. The results show that educational level has a positive influence on choosing safe storage options such as a separate store. The results indicate that especially in rural areas possibilities of proper disposal of old pesticides or other dangerous chemicals are poor. This has implications for the health of residents.Efforts to better implement environmental regulations should be strengthened especially in rural areas to overcome the legacy of long-lived pesticides which are now banned. Old pesticides might still be in use because they are difficult to dispose of safely.

Health and Environmental Hazards Associated with Agricultural Pesticides in Ethiopia

The use of chemical pesticide in Ethiopian agriculture has a steady historically growth and strongly associated with the need to boost crop production and expansion in a high-input floriculture industry. An increased crop production and productivity is mainly dependent on effective and efficient pest management strategies. Recently, achieving these strategic goals of the sector seems to be impossible without intensive use of synthetic pesticides. Unfortunately, the chemical-based option of pest management was not able to deliver only the positively intended purpose of managing pests. It has raised a potential menace not only to public health and the environment but also to the fast-growing economy of the country. The main objective of this review was to highlight the negative health and environmental impacts of agricultural pesticides in Ethiopia. Literature based comprehensive review was made with the intention to influence stake holders in the sector to recognize the negative impact of agricultural pesticides to help them to devise a mitigating strategy and finally the authors tried to indicate solutions on this regard. Health conditions such as dizziness, nausea, skin and eye irritations, headache, vomiting and general discomfort after spraying are some of the self-reported direct health problems. Other chronic non-reported health problems/deaths were also associated with misuse (handling and disposal) of pesticides. Mismanagement of pesticides kills important organisms and are damaging to the biodiversity. Moreover, an intensive, non-responsible use of pesticides has increased the cost of pest management, accelerated the development of new pests and/or resistant strains (races) of pests and negatively affected the international trade of farm produces. Lack of awareness (poor pesticide management, disposal; and limited use of complete PPEs), obsolete pesticide stocks, prolonged storage, poor storage facilities, the lack of trained staff and national legislation for pesticide registration and monitoring system in the country are the main reasons associated with pesticide risks. Harmonized agriculture development policy, capacity building, organic farming, IPM compatible pesticides and gender-sensitive education will change the risk of agricultural pesticides.

Економічні розрахунки вибору методу утилізації пестицидів

Goal: is a brief analysis of the main ways of dealing with unusable pesticides and pesticide-containing wastes and facilities and substantiation of technical and economic parameters of processes of neutralization of unusable pesticides and hazardous waste, as well as establishment of the most optimal methods and ways of their utilization. To establish the most optimal methods and ways of utilization of pesticides and pesticide-containing waste, a financial and economic assessment of pesticide exports from Ukraine to processing plants in Europe was made, the cost of burning pesticides at specialized plants in Ukraine was calculated, the total cost of reclamation works was calculated. on recycling of pesticide containers. Methodology: To solve the tasks in the work used modern methods of scientific research: analysis - to summarize modern scientific and technical advances in the prevention of environmental pollution due to pesticides entering the environment; indication methods - for assessment of soil, water and air pollution; methods of reclamation of contaminated areas and incineration of pesticides; methods of analysis of gas mixtures, etc. Scientific novelty: for the first time scientific and methodological calculations of environmental safety parameters and management of unusable pesticides and pesticide-containing wastes, the essence of which is to take into account the main components of the cost of pesticide disposal and restoration of contaminated areas, including management actions for all components of pesticide territories and largely solve the problem of pesticide pollution. Conclusions: calculations of the cost of recycling various facilities that contain unusable pesticide-containing drugs and waste and established the most optimal methods and ways of recycling pesticides in Ukraine. A brief analysis of the main methods of handling unusable pesticides and pesticide-containing waste and facilities and substantiated the technical and economic parameters of the disposal of unusable pesticides and hazardous waste, as well as the most optimal methods and methods of their disposal.

Vector-Borne diseases in Egypt: Present status and accelerating toward elimination.

Vector borne diseases (VBDs) remain one of the greatest dangers to global health. At least seven VBDs of public health concern are prevalent in Egypt, including schistosomiasis, fascioliasis, lymphatic filariasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, dengue, and Rift Valley fever. Although many of these diseases are preventable by using evidence-based protective measures, VBD expansion patterns over the past few decades pose a significant challenge for modern parasitology and tropical medicine. In their action plan, Egypt did not identify populations at risk of VBDs. Egypt intends to improve its regional and international communication to identify pathogens and infections and develop "One Health"- compliant preparedness and prevention strategies. However, cross-border collaborations are required for the control of VBDs. In this context, we provide a situational analysis and comprehensive review of the epidemiological data on Egypt's most prevalent VBDs based on an exhaustive search of the major electronic databases and literature from 1950 to 2019. We identified the gaps in Egypt's preparedness for vector-borne disease threats, including adaptation documents, surveillance and monitoring, environmental management, and preparations for the health system. There is a lack of implementation of an integrated vector management strategy that integrates chemical, environmental, and biological control as well as health education. This necessitates cross-sectoral coordination and community involvement to improve vector control activities and the use, storage, and disposal of pesticides.

Advantages of disposal of leftover pesticides in eco-cushions

Advantages of disposal of leftover pesticides in eco-cushions

Sustainable Management of Pesticides

Pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest (insects, mites, nematodes, weeds, rats, etc.), including insecticide, herbicide, fungicide etc. used to control pests and to safeguard public health. Use of pesticide has secured the food production and enhanced the amount of produce. Once the pesticide enters in contact with the environment, its fate is determined by several natural processes (adsorption, degradation, erosion and leaching to groundwater). Of the total pesticides applied in agriculture, about 1-10% reach to the target plant, about 30% is lost in atmosphere, nearly 1-5% is lost due to runoff/surface erosion and roughly 1% is lost by leaching. Pesticides applied in the soil leaches up to 50 -100 %. Pesticide management reduces contamination of water from pesticides and foster effective and safe use of pesticides without causing degradation to the environment. This study provides an overview of pesticides on recent developments in sustainable management on strategies, practices and their effectiveness, core elements, principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and bio-pesticides in crop protection. This study recommends that during application of pesticides, guidelines approved by FAO and WHO (2014), from production to disposal of pesticides in the 'International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management' (4th version) should be strictly followed by government regulators, the private sector, civil society as a best practice in managing pesticides throughout their lifecycle.

Legal regulation of disposal of the unusable pesticides accumulated during the Soviet era

In the article, it was made a scientific and theoretical analysis of the USSR legislation, Ukrainian legislation. Special attention is paid to the establishment of specific features in the legal regulation of extraction, disposal, destruction and neutralization of unusable or prohibited pesticides and agrochemicals and packing containers from them. The authors come to the conclusion that today, it is worth directing more efforts at the state level to disposal of pesticides accumulated during the Soviet era, considering the need to improve the state of natural environment. First of all, it is needed to approve the state program with the determination of clear measures for its implementation and sources financing. To date, the regional state administrations have the opportunity to solve problems with obsolete pesticides and agrochemicals without interference of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, as well as to determine the most suitable places for disposal of these substances. Thus, to date, the process of reducing the obsolete pesticides has been launched. It is aimed at improving the ecological state in the country, it will help reduce the negative impact on the life and health of people, as well as allow developing the agriculture.

Arable Land Pollution in Ghana: A Look at Agrochemical Plastic Waste Handling among Farmers

The mishandling of agrochemical waste is a major environmental problem causing pollution and a threat to public health. Although the number of agrochemical companies in Ghana continues to grow exponentially, limited efforts are directed toward the proper disposal of plastic bottles after use. Consequently, the study explores the post handling activities of farmers concerning agricultural plastic waste. Using the Birim South District of the Eastern Region of Ghana as the case study, the descriptive statistics are employed to provide answers to the research questions by examining the survey responses of the 120 farmers sampled randomly from an estimated 850 farmers from 4 communities. The results suggest that farmers in the district are aware of the triple rinsing mechanism of ensuring safe disposal. Further, few farmers have had extensive training on the safe usage and disposal of pesticides. In spite, most farmers are willing to burn, bury, and reuse empty agrochemical bottles to properly dispose of after usage. The study reveals a knowledge gap in responsible usage and disposal of agrochemical bottles and the need for an appropriate management system to tackle the challenge.