Disposal Of Food Research Articles

Food Safety Practices Among Homemakers in the Sagnarigu Municipal of Northern Ghana

This study investigated household food safety practices (HFSPs) employed by homemakers in Sagnarigu Municipality of Northern Ghana. It explored their practices related to food hygiene, food storage, food preparation, handling and cooking, serving, and disposal of food. The study employed a stratified random sampling technique to survey 300 participants across six communities in the study area. Questionnaires were the primary data collection tool, supplemented by observations and unstructured interviews. The study revealed that, on household food safety practices, the majority (68%) of homemakers store cooked food at room temperature, store raw vegetables/fruits at room temperature (71.9%) and 36.3% store raw meat/poultry/fish by freezing. Food safety measures employed by homemakers showed that most of the homemakers wash utensils before and after cooking (72.9%) and serve meals when hot (87.2%). Homemakers had a moderate knowledge of food safety and observed good personal hygiene. However, some bad food safety practices were reported such as cooking or handling food when ill.

Consumers’ Perception and Purchase Intention Towards Local Food: A Case Study in Sulaimani City

Local food production in a short distance for consumers depends on a social structure and supply chain system. In simple terms, the local food system is all about producing and selling food within a particular area. Decisions by individuals, households, and society regarding the utilization and disposal of food, as well as efforts to share food with others, are influenced by various factors such as gender, age, and social dynamics. Additionally, actions aimed at fostering transformations in food environments are also taken into account in order to achieve these goals, a questionnaire- based was carried out in the Sulaimani City in KRG-Iraq. Data was collected from consumers who were participated by an online-google form. A total number of 469 questionnaires were validated. A principal component analysis was run, followed by cluster analysis. The results lead to 3 cluster solution: “local food consumers”, “local agricultural supporters”, “health concerned”, being statistically significant different in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. The results are useful for future development policies of the local products.

An Exploratory Study of Food Waste in the Hospitality Industry of Pokhara

One-third of the global food production is wasted globally. Food production is a resource intensive process and safe disposal of food wasted requires additional resources. In tourism industry food is just more than fulfillment of basic needs. Food is linked with the experience. Food wastage in hospitality is accepted as a major challenge with multifaced consequences and awareness to address the issue of food waste is also increasing. In the context of developing countries like Nepal the topic is still under-studied. Therefore, this study is focused on owners and managers perspective on food wastage in tourism industry of Pokhara with the objectives of identifying current composition and causes of food waste and established approaches to mitigate it. This study was carried out with key informants’ in-depth interview and on-site observations. Unrealistic expectations, unsustainable consumption patterns, lack of general public awareness and management limitations on wastage controlling were major themes identified by the study. The findings call for quantitative study in mass scale to know the exact situation of the food waste in hospitality industry of Pokhara.

Environmental impacts assessment in packaging and its contribution to reducing food waste

In the modern world, food consumption is not limited to areas near production centers. In this complex distribution chain, packaging plays a crucial role, extending shelf life and protecting products from contaminants or mechanical damage, contributing to reducing food waste during transportation, retail, and inside our homes. On the other hand, packaging is responsible for environmental impacts that are perceived as very harmful to environment by consumers. However, is it possible to demonstrate that packaging, in certain products and operating conditions, can be beneficial to environment? The goal of this article is to investigate the potential environmental performance of food products sold with or without packaging. To identify the potential food waste reduction through the use of packaging, three interviews were conducted with supermarket owners in Curitiba - Brazil. The interviews have revealed that the use of packaging can result in a food waste reduction of up to 20 %, because it prevents excessive products handling and allows for sale of damaged product parts. The products identified as critical and selected for this study were broccoli, grapes, and papaya, for which a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted to compare potential impacts of samples of products exposed with and without packaging and to simulate the food waste reduction rate at which the use of packaging could be favorable in each impact category. The functional unit considered was 1 kg of food product for human consumption. The product system embraced a cradle-to-grave approach, covering food and packaging production, retail, and final disposal of both food and packaging. Calculations were performed using the Ecoinvent 3.8v database, the EPD (2018) method, and potential impacts were determined through OpenLCA. Results indicated that, in the case of excessive handling, packaged broccoli and grapes had lower impacts in seven of eight evaluated categories. The use of packaged cut papaya had lower impacts in all eight categories, with restrictions regarding the amount of packaging used in the process. The study concludes that the evaluation of the use of packaging should consider the reduction of product waste generated by them. The main contribution of this study, therefore, is to emphasize the importance of evaluate all impacts related to a product, not just those that are easily known, such as the generation of solid waste in packaged products.

IJCM_300A: Clinical medicine and Public health: Is the dichotomy justified? Epidemiological investigation of a Hepatitis A case admitted at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Outbreaks of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) infection have been associated with poor sanitation, inadequate sewage disposal and contamination of food and water. Objective: To identify the epidemiological factors associated with a patient who presented with fever and vomiting and diagnosed with Hepatitis A. Methodology: 23-year-old, female patient was admitted in the general medicine department of a tertiary care hospital with complaints of fever and vomiting. IgM ELISA tests for Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E were positive. The patient’s mother had similar symptoms. Community Medicine department was informed about the patient. A team comprising of postgraduate students, MSW, ASHA worker and Anganwadi worker visited the patient’s house. Information including clinical history, source of drinking water, history of food and water intake from outside, sanitation and waste disposal methods of the house hold were collected. Stakeholders including the counsellor and members of the self-help group of the area were informed. House to house visit of all houses in 200 meters radius from patients’ house was done to look for more cases and to assess the environment sanitation. Results: The team identified that the source of drinking water of the patient’s family was a well which was not sanitary. A nearby house was identified with an open well with open sullage less than one meter away. Seven children of that household had fever and jaundice and were treated from a local hospital, one week prior. Stakeholders were also informed and both the wells were chlorinated and the families were educated about the importance of boiling water before consumption, proper disposal of sullage and waste disposal. Conclusion: Interdepartmental communication between clinical medicine and public health played an important role in identifying and eliminating the source of infection even when one patient was diagnosed and helped to prevent HAV outbreak.

Systematic surveillance tools to reduce rodent pests in disadvantaged urban areas can empower communities and improve public health

Rodents are notorious pests, known for transmitting major public health diseases and causing agricultural and economic losses. The lack of site-specific and national standardised rodent surveillance in several disadvantaged communities has rendered interventions targeted towards rodent control as often ineffective. Here, by using the example from a pilot case-study in the Bahamas, we present a unique experience wherein, through multidisciplinary and community engagement, we simultaneously developed a standardised national surveillance protocol, and performed two parallel but integrated activities: (1) eight days of theoretical and practical training of selected participants; and (2) a three-month post-training pilot rodent surveillance in the urban community of Over-the-Hill, Nassau, The Bahamas. To account for social and environmental conditions influencing rodent proliferation in the Bahamas, we engaged selected influential community members through a semi-structured interview and gathered additional site-specific information using a modified Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) exterior and interior rodent evaluation form, along with other validated instruments such as tracking plates and snap trapping, to test and establish a standardised site-specific rodent surveillance protocol tailored for the Bahamas. Our engagement with community members highlighted poor disposal of animal and human food, irregular garbage collection, unapproved refuse storage, lack of accessible dumpsters, poor bulk waste management, ownership problems and structural deficiencies as major factors fuelling rodent proliferation in the study areas. Accordingly, results from our pilot survey using active rodent signs (that is, the presence of rodent runs, burrows, faecal material or gnawed material) as a proxy of rodent infestation in a generalized linear model confirmed that the variables earlier identified during the community engagement program as significantly correlated with rodent activities (and capturing) across the study areas. The successful implementation of the novel site-specific protocol by trained participants, along with the correlation of their findings with those recorded during the community engagement program, underscores its suitability and applicability in disadvantaged urban settings. This experience should serve as a reference for promoting a standardised protocol for monitoring rodent activities in many disadvantaged urban settings of the Global South, while also fostering a holistic understanding of rodent proliferation. Through this pilot case-study, we advocate for the feasibility of developing sustainable rodent control interventions that are acceptable to both local communities and public authorities, particularly through the involvement of a multidisciplinary team of professionals and community members.

Kajian kualitas air dan strategi pengelolaan Rawa Jombor, Klaten, Jawa Tengah

Rawa Jombor is a semiartificial reservoir whose contruction are works for serving the needs of irrigation in the dry season and as a floading control in the rainy season. Rawa Jombor also used for fish farming and floating restaurant by the community. The existence of the cages and floating restaurant can have a negative impact to the aquatic environment due to the disposal of waste and leftover food and metabolism that is deposited at the bottom of the water. This study aims to analyze the water quality, pollution levels and to develop a management strategy of Rawa Jombor. Water quality is measured at 9 sampling point determined by purposive sampling based on the use of Rawa Jombor. Pollution level is analized uses pollution index and the management strategy uses analytical Herarchy Process. The results show that Rawa Jombor has decreased water quality marked by several parameters that do not meet the class III of water quality standards according to Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001. Rawa Jombor is included in the category of mildly polluted in areas without activity, floating restaurant and fish cage for water allotment class I, II, III and IV with an average pollution index ranging from 1,02 to 2,886. To maintain the continuity of the Rawa Jombor, a management strategy with priority on the economic aspects is needed with the development of the Rawa Jombor for sustainable fisheries.

Motivations behind daily preventative household food waste behaviours: The role of gain, hedonic, normative, and competing goals

The relationships between consumers' motivations, food management behaviours, and food waste are complex and depend on multiple motivational and health-related competing goals. This study uses Goal-Framing Theory and Structural Equation Modelling using data from a household survey (n = 1030) to demonstrate that multiple motivations, including gain, hedonic, normative, and competing motivations, can influence food waste through the mediations of daily food management behaviours (i.e. planning, purchasing, storing, preparing, and managing leftovers). The normative motivation emerges as the most significant driver of food waste reduction through four food management behaviours, except purchasing behaviour. The gain motivation exerts the second-largest effect on food waste reduction and is associated with all five food management behaviours. The hedonic motivation shows weaker associations with food waste reduction, primarily manifesting in phases involving the physical disposal of food (e.g. managing leftovers). Importantly, the competing goal related to health and food safety concerns emerges as the strongest motivation leading to increased food waste. Among the food management behaviours, over-purchasing and consuming leftovers have the largest effects on food waste, presenting two critical points for interventions, especially in the context of consumer-retailer engagement, where the normative motivation is absent while the gain and hedonic motivations for food waste reduction are weak. Understanding the underlying motivations associated with specific behaviours provides valuable guidance for identifying ways to motivate households to change behaviours in relevant domains, ultimately contributing to reductions in food waste and fostering more sustainable practices.

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF BREEDING WORK WITH INSECTS OF THE SPECIES HERMETIA ILLUCENS

Background. The insect Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly), is widely used for the disposal of food and agricultural waste. This is due to the omnivorous nature of the fly in relation to protein and carbohydrate foods and a fast reproductive cycle. The big problem of industrial cultivation of this insect is the degeneration of populations of the black soldier fly. When bred in captivity, due to the relatively small number of population, the degradation of key parameters, such as viability, fertility, productivity, etc. of H. illucens culture occurs. It is noted that during the first five generations, despite polygamy during crossing, the effect of harmful recessive alleles in a homozygous state manifests itself. Currently, the problem of degeneration of flies associated with inbred depression is solved by mass cultivation of large outbred populations in cages, with periodic reintroduction of producers from natural populations.
 Purpose. Development of a method for crossing lines of Hermetia illucens flies for breeding, determining patterns of population development, as well as increasing their productivity and adaptive potential.
 Materials and Methods. In selection work with the lines of the insect species H. illucens, individual crossing was used. Individual selections were made by selecting larvae and pupae by size and body weight. The crosses were carried out according to the scheme: one male and one female were placed in plastic containers while maintaining the required temperature and humidity. Eggs obtained from this pair of flies were placed on a nutrient substrate in a separate container, hatched larvae were cultured in isolation in the same container. During the growth process, the largest larvae and pupae from this population were selected. After the formation of adult individuals (images) of flies, they were examined, their sex was determined and again one male and one female were placed in a separate container. Thus, inbred lines of isofemale (descendants of one female) flies were obtained.
 Results. We developed the method of individual crossing made it possible to trace the development of populations of flies obtained from one female and one male, to consider the patterns and changes in the population. The tendency of the degeneration of the fly population in inbred crosses was determined, in each subsequent generation there were fewer fertilized eggs and larvae. This is due to the fact that recessive lethal genes become homozygous and manifest their effect. Subsequent selections in each generation of the largest and most active larvae will create a population devoid of most lethal and harmful genes.
 Conclusions. As a result of the research work carried out, it was possible to develop a method of individual crossing of males and females of the insect Hermetia illucens. It was determined that the time from oviposition onset to the maximum number of larvae occurs on 3-4th day after egg laying. With the crossing of close relatives, the tendency of the degeneration of the fly population was determined, in each subsequent generation there were fewer fertilized eggs and larvae. This is due to the manifestation of recessive lethals. Subsequent selections in each generation of the largest and most active larvae will create a population devoid of most lethal and harmful genes. Populations of inbred flies have stable characteristics for this species and, despite a decrease in the number of fertilized eggs in clutches, as well as a smaller number of larvae obtained from them, they have normal distribution of size and body weight, which allows selection for economically valuable traits.

Valorization of Food Waste to Produce Value-Added Products Based on Its Bioactive Compounds

The rapid growth of the global population and changes in lifestyle have led to a significant increase in food waste from various industrial, agricultural, and household sources. Nearly one-third of the food produced annually is wasted, resulting in severe resource depletion. Food waste contains rich organic matter, which, if not managed properly, can pose a serious threat to the environment and human health, making the proper disposal of food waste an urgent global issue. However, various types of food waste, such as waste from fruit, vegetables, grains, and other food production and processing, contain important bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, dietary fiber, proteins, lipids, vitamins, organic acids, and minerals, some of which are found in greater quantities in the discarded parts than in the parts accepted by the market. These bioactive compounds offer the potential to convert food waste into value-added products, and fields including nutritional foods, bioplastics, bioenergy, biosurfactants, biofertilizers, and single cell proteins have welcomed food waste as a novel source. This review reveals the latest insights into the various sources of food waste and the potential of utilizing bioactive compounds to convert it into value-added products, thus enhancing people’s confidence in better utilizing and managing food waste.

Food and Governmentality in the Green City: The Case of German Food Policy Councils

As an essential urban matter, food has always been highly relevant in issues of social and environmental justice. Current debates around food call for a better understanding of the relationship between global and local food production and social and environmental justice. Specifically, discussions on urban greening concepts are considering whether and how social justice and sustainability goals can be achieved. This has become a pressing issue due to a growing awareness of negative effects and social imbalances in the production, consumption, and disposal of food. The article explores the normative foundations and constructions of “good and just food” that are considered appropriate to a sustainable food system and the power techniques related to personal and environmental responsibility that feature in the work of the German food policy councils seeking to initiate a transformation process. Using a governmentality approach based on Foucault, this article seeks to fill gaps in the literature regarding food policy councils and, thereby, contribute to our understanding of the local manifestations of global policy projects that address environmental and social justice in green cities.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AS A GLOBAL PROBLEM IN THE CONTEXT OF BIOSECURITY

Unreasonable (Unjustified), excessive and uncontrolled use of antibiotics in the field of healthcare and agriculture sectors has become the main reason for the formation of antibiotic resistance (AR) and the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in the environment. Every year the growth of AR is recorded in the world, which has become a challenge for humanity. The WHO (World Health Organization) has recognized the problem of AR as one of the 10 global threats to public health facing humanity, which causes about 700,000 deaths per year in the world, and endangers the possibility of achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, in particular goal No. 3 " Ensuring healthy lifestyles and promoting well-being for everyone at all ages." And it also causes(carries) significant socio-economic losses and unpredictable environmental consequences. The purpose of the research is to analyze modern data on the formation and spread of AR and modern approaches to solving the AR problem at the global level. By using a systematic approach, content analysis, bibliosemantics and scientometrics methods, analysis and generalization of data from modern scientific sources, statistics (statistical data) of leading international organizations involved(engaged) in monitoring AR and solving the problem of spreading AR were carried out. This review demonstrates the relevance of the problem of resistance of microorganisms (problem of antimicrobial resistance) to antibiotics, the main mechanisms of the development and spread of AR, the global scope(scale) and consequences of AR, and aims to provide an insight into international initiatives to reduce AR, in particular the Concept of "One Health" (the "One Health" Concept) and the strategies that are currently being implemented. Solving the AR problem requires a comprehensive (an integrated) approach, which includes mandatory systematic monitoring of the state of resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, control of the use of antimicrobial drugs and educational programs to prevent the misuse of antibiotics, environmentally safe methods of waste disposal of medical, food and other industries that produce or use antibiotics, and their safe disposal, etc. In perspective (In the future), it is relevant to study the environmental consequences associated with the waste of(from) medical, food, and agricultural enterprises that produce or use antibiotics, and their safe disposal.

АНАЛИЗ МИРОВЫХ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ТРЕНДОВ В АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ

The article considers significant changes taking place in the global agro-industrial complex, which is influenced by the main factors: information technology, new materials, nanotechnology, biotechnology and transport systems. The authors showed the global problems of today, which in the future may become a threat to food security and cause a shortage of resources to meet the growing food needs of the population in the world. Providing food on a global scale, at a new stage of development, takes into account the technological development of the agro-industrial complex, through the use of an innovative eco-production chain, traced from the production of products on farms, the production of agricultural products, packaging, storage, preparation and disposal of waste and residues food. Thus, the agro-industrial complex, at present, is at the stage of innovative technological transformation, the development of "AgroTech 4.0". The transformation of the agro-industrial complex in the transition period to a new way can be traced through the activation of investment processes in technological projects (startups), where the main directions for investment attractiveness in the relevant technological projects are determined.
 The agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, of course, needs a technological transformation, however, like any such large-scale transformation, it first of all needs no less large-scale investments. Investments are not only a determining factor in ensuring economic growth, but also in neutralizing key threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation.

Analysis of the Problem of Waste in Relation to Food Consumers

The global demand for food continues to increase. It is estimated that about 680 million people lack food access and suffer from malnutrition. On the other hand, in the current market, access to food is common and ever easier. Nevertheless, we are increasingly faced with the phenomenon of waste, which refers to the deliberate disposal of food that is fit for human consumption. This article focuses on a very important problem related to food waste, in relation to one of the main groups affected, i.e., consumers. Indeed, it is their awareness and behavior in the context of food waste and in relation to the environment, as well as future approaches to social sustainability, that are of the utmost importance. The study was conducted on a group of 384 respondents—the research sample was differentiated by sex and place of residence. The method used in the study was the analysis of correspondence, using data from the proprietary questionnaire, conducted on a group of adults, i.e., consumers, purchasing food. Respondents were asked about the issues related to the fact of wasting food, the frequency of this phenomenon and the main reasons why they do it. It should be emphasized that the respondents notice the problem by admitting that food is wasted in their households for various reasons. Conclusions resulting from the conducted statistical analysis and the analysis of the literature indicate that the main reason for wastage is that the use-by date has passed. Here arises the question as to why this fact comes about; maybe we buy too much food, which means that we are not able to ensure that the deadline for its consumption is not passed.

A review of Ghana’s food system and its implications on sustainability and the development of national food-based dietary guidelines

Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) provide culturally-appropriate and actionable recommendations based on which populations can make healthy food choices. Food systems sustainability, from production to consumption, and disposal of food and food-related items, should be a critical consideration for developing such guidelines. This rapid review assesses Ghana's food systems to determine the level of sustainability to inform the FBDG recommendations. Peer-reviewed articles, documents and reports of relevance to Ghana were included in this rapid review. A hundred and eight papers, answering different questions on food system sustainability were reviewed. Bread, cereals, fish and indigenous vegetables are the most frequently consumed food groups. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages are the most consumed imported foods. In rural areas, 53% of dietary protein comes from plant sources. Fish is the main the source of animal protein for most Ghanaian households. There is intensive exploitation of marine and fresh water resources. Most livestock are raised by smallholder farmers using free-range system. Poultry is frequently kept on deep litter system and only a few are large-scale. Crop production for household consumption and small-scale animal rearing are predominant, especially in Northern Ghana. By weight, fruits and vegetables are the least cultivated and consumed crops at the household level. Wood is the commonest source of fuel for cooking, especially in rural areas. Single use plastic is the most used and preferred material for food packaging. Indiscriminate and poor management of waste and pesticide misuse is commonly reported. The findings suggest the need for promoting production diversification, use of clean fuel and reusable food packaging as part of FBDGs to enhance sustainability of Ghana’s food systems. Key words: sustainability, food system, Ghana, Food-based Dietary Guidelines, production, diversification

Livestock and environment

Relevance.With the development of the application of the achievements of scientific and technological progress in agricultural production, agriculture began to take more from nature, and instead throw in there a huge amount of waste generated as a result of activities. Therefore, the problem of environmental protection in agricultural production, especially in industrial animal husbandry, has become urgent. Livestock and poultry farming with their manure, dung, greenhouse gases and other wastes have begun to pollute the environment more. These pollutants reduce soil fertility and productivity, and deteriorate the quality of water and atmospheric air. As a result, agricultural production itself suffers, agricultural products are received in less amount and the quality of products deteriorates.Materials and research methods.The material of the study was the data of environmental statistical reporting of the Russian Federation and its subjects over the last 10 years, as well as materials of periodical scientific publications on environmental problems. In the course of the research, abstract-logical, monographic, computational-constructive, comparative analyzes and statistical methods were used.Results.According to the state reports “On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation”, the agro-industrial complex in modern conditions continues to be the main pollutant of land and other elements of the environment. More than 45 types of pollutants are emitted into the environment from livestock farms and complexes and poultry farms. Atmosphere air is contaminated with microorganisms, dust, ammonia and other animal waste products. Large volumes of manure and droppings generated in the course of the activity of livestock enterprises, the complexity of their processing and disposal indicate the need to use a variety of ways to solve the problem of effective treatment of manure and droppings. In this sense, the chinese waste disposal technology is of particular interest. China is now took the leading positions in the world in the biological disposal of food and agricultural waste with the help of black lion fly larvae.

Plasticor: Smarting Food Packages

Food waste that occurs at different stages from food production to transportation and in homes is an economic, social and environmental problem. These food scraps are largely responsible for the generation of greenhouse gases (GHG). In addition, many of these foods are sold in non-biodegradable plastic packaging that results in the accumulation of plastic in the environment, directly and/or indirectly affecting the lives of animals and humans. In order to bring about a possibility of reducing food waste and the accumulation of long-lasting plastics in nature, Plasticor was developed, a biodegradable and sustainable polymer used in the packaging of foods that use biosensors to test the viability for human consumption of food. A smart packaging that involves food and has its color changed when the product is no longer fit for consumption, indicating the presence of harmful microorganisms. Thus, avoiding the early disposal of food in good condition and consequently its impact on the environment, in addition to postponing the consumption of new products, Plasticor contributes to a more sustainable world.

FOODTECH – A MODERN VECTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY

The article considers the current trends in the development of the food industry and the direction of food technology, which are based on the integration of digital technologies within the entire food chain: from farms and food production to packaging, storage, preparation and disposal of food. The purpose of this scientific paper is to study global trends, the growth rate of investments in this area and the prospects for the future. The author considers in more detail the Russian market for the delivery of ready-made rations, which is now gaining more and more popularity. The main drivers of the market are: new family values, health and nutrition standards, information technologies and the birth of new types of consumers. Only two serious competitors are currently represented in the Russian market: GrowFood and Performance Group, each with a market share of about 40 %. In the near future, a complete monopolization of the Russian market is possible, and this, of course, is a negative factor for consumers. The research area is in the early stages of the life cycle, and requires more attention and protection from institutional authorities.

Mercado Institucional e Políticas Territoriais: a experiência dos agricultores familiares da comunidade de Matinha na zona rural de São Luís/MA

Este artigo analisa a experiência dos agricultores familiares de Matinha, na zona rural de São Luís (MA), a partir da implantação dos mercados institucionais, como se reconhecem no processo de produçao, as transformaçoes nas unidades produtivas à retomada e ampliação dos cultivos tradicionais e diversificação produtiva, a fim de verificar quais as implicações socioeconômicas do PAA nas relações de comercialização dos alimentos produzidos pelos agricultores, mediante a sua operacionalização gestada sob a articulação no âmbito da esfera federal, estadual e municipal. Para atingir este objetivo, nos anos de 2017 e 2018, foram realizadas entrevistas com 12 agricultores, com as coordenadores do PAA a nível municipal e estadual e o coordenador de logística do progama. Os resultados e conclusão, revelam que a inserção dos agricultores de Matinha no mercado institucional, representou significativas mudanças, por um lado, nas suas diversas formas de organização da produção e, consequentemente, na escoação dos alimentos, e, por outro, o acesso ao programa expressa ainda alguns entraves para o acesso destes agricultores, em virtude de exigências burocráticas e , ainda, o contigenciamente de recursos financeiros, por meio do governo federal.

Lebanese meal management practices and cultural constructions of food waste

Food waste is a global issue with major environmental and socio-economic implications. The problem is even worse in Arab countries where tremendous amounts of food are wasted everyday. In this study, we engaged in an ethnographic journey documenting meal management practices in rural Lebanese households as they relate to food waste. We interviewed 60 women from the Chahhar region (closest communities to the nation's largest landfill) who are in charge of their households' food management. We kept detailed reflexive notes of observations and photo-journaled the provision, preparation, preservation, consumption, and disposal of food. We found that despite the enormity of the food waste crisis in Lebanon, the environmental impact was strikingly absent from the participants' construction of food-related practices. Yet, the women exhibited a strong food waste averse behavior rooted in cultural norms and religious beliefs built on active avoidance of food waste. Our findings shed the light on the intricate connections of family and community routines anchored in frugality and hospitality practices.