Disposal Facility Research Articles

Pharmacy student’s awareness and perception of pharmaceutical disposal and its level in tap water

Background: Improper disposal of pharmaceuticals can harm humans, animals, and the ecosystem, with studies finding residues in tap water that may affect drinking water safety. Therefore, this study aims to examine pharmacy student’s disposal practices and the association between the Respondents' Disposal Practices (RDP) with Demographic Factors (RDF), their knowledge of the impact of improper disposal on tap water quality (KII), awareness of proper disposal practices (KPD), and the availability and accessibility of disposal facilities (AAD). Methods: The questionnaire consisted of a question on RDP as the dependent variable and fifteen questions from four independent variables, namely, RDF, KII, KPD, and AAD. It was distributed online using Google Forms. Descriptive data was analysed using SPSS to investigate the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: There were 175 respondents, and 76.6% of them kept unused or expired medications. The analysis revealed that the RDP were unrelated to the RDF. However, KII and KPD were partially associated with RDP. Lastly, the AAD was strongly associated with RDP. Conclusion: Most respondents were unaware of the proper disposal of unused or expired drugs. The study recommends incorporating proper medication disposal into the pharmacy curriculum and strengthening the medication take-back programme by encouraging community pharmacies to participate in the Medicine Return Programme.

Comparison of baseline painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) health assessments at a confined disposal facility and a protected coastal marsh in southwestern Lake Erie, Ohio, USA.

Dredging is commonly used to maintain navigational channels in freshwater lakes such as Lake Erie, and the dredged material may be discarded in confined disposal facilities (CDFs). The effects of these CDFs on wildlife health are largely unknown. We compared health assessments of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) at two sites in southwestern Lake Erie, Ohio, USA in May 2022: CDF for dredged material (n=27), and a protected coastal marsh (PCM; n=24). Each turtle underwent a physical examination, blood collection for hematology and plasma biochemistry profiles, and testing for Chlamydia spp., herpesviruses, ranavirus (frog virus 3), and Mycoplasmopsis spp. via oral and cloacal swabs. Six turtles were positive for Chlamydia spp. (11.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.4%-23.9%), two from the CDF and four from the PCM. One Chlamydia-positive turtle was co-infected with herpesvirus (2.0%; 95% CI: 0%-10.5%) with 96.3% homology with emydid herpesvirus. No ranavirus or Mycoplasmopsis species were detected (0%, 95% CI: 0%-6.7%). Turtles captured from the CDF had significantly higher heterophil percentages, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios, and glucose levels, but significantly lower total protein and calcium/phosphorus ratios than turtles from PCM. Turtles living in the CDF were hyperglycemic, potentially indicating increased stress levels compared to the normoglycemic turtles from PCM. As humans continue to alter wetland habitats, the impact of anthropogenic sites such as CDFs on freshwater chelonian health and welfare should be monitored.

Regional Framework Towards Establishing Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (TSD) Facilities for PV Waste Management in the Philippines: A Case Study of Laguna Province

Abstract. The accelerated adoption of photovoltaic (PV) systems for renewable power generation in the Philippines will yield a tremendous amount of PV waste. However, the country lacks a comprehensive framework for understanding PV module waste volume growth and optimally siting Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (TSD) facilities for PV waste management based on minimum siting factor. The study aims to develop a regional framework that utilizes a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach to find the potential sites and optimal locations of TSD facilities in Laguna, Philippines, based on the estimated PV module waste growth of solar energy systems with service contracts and minimum siting criteria under Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Administrative Order 2013-22. By 2060, the projected amount of PV module waste in Laguna province will be around 162,230 metric tons based on the waste projection results. The suitable sites cover around 19,720.5 hectares or 11.21% of the total land area of Laguna, which were determined by various siting factors that encompass social, economic, and environmental factors and obtained using binary suitability analysis and vector overlay analysis. The optimal locations of the two TSD facilities were identified using strategic positioning based on hotspot analysis, clustering algorithm, and proximity analysis. Consequently, the distance and GHG emissions of the two optimal locations were calculated. Indeed, the approach will serve as a guide for policymakers and other stakeholders in understanding PV module waste growth and strategically and optimally position TSD facilities on suitable sites for efficient and effective PV waste management.

Environmental Health Risk Assessment in Tabing Banda Gadang Subdistrict, Padang City

Sanitation problems in Indonesia still involve deviant social behavior, namely defecation habits anywhere. According to World Health Organization, around 2.5 billion people worldwide do not have access to proper sanitation facilities. Indonesia itself is ranked second after India, with a high number of people still defecating in the open; this is due to people's habits, which are very difficult to change because they have been inherited. The use of surface water sources, namely river water, with physical water quality that does not meet requirements, the absence of facilities for wastewater disposal, and the absence of household waste management can cause health hazards to the environment. The research aims to know the risky health environment in the sub-district Tabing Banda Gadang, Padang City. Study method This Quantitative nature descriptive analytic with approach Studies Evaluation Risk Health Environment is a participatory study to understand the condition of sanitation and hygiene facilities and community behaviors at the household scale, the results of data processing and analysis that can describe the determination of risk areas from each region to the village/sub-district level. The results of the study found that the risk areas were Water Sources with results of Not enough risk (value 28), Domestic Wastewater with Medium risk (value 68), Medium Risk Waste (value 51), high risk of waterlogging (value 58) and Clean and Healthy Living Behavior is not enough risky (value 32) it can be concluded that the sanitation risk index of Tabing Banda Gadang Village is included in the Current Risk with a value of 237. Tabing Banda Gadang Village is at high risk of waterlogging, so it is recommended that the Village facilitate the construction of drainage by coordinating with the Department of Housing and Public Works to resolve the waterlogging problem.

Simulation-based genetic algorithm for optimizing a municipal cooperative waste supply chain in a pandemic

The quantity of medical waste produced by municipalities is on the rise, potentially presenting significant hazards to both the environment and human health. Developing a robust supply chain network for managing municipal medical waste is important for society, especially during a pandemic like COVID-19. In supply chain network design, factors such as the collection of non-infectious waste, transporting infectious waste from hospitals to disposal facilities, revenue generation from waste-to-energy initiatives, and the potential for pandemic outbreaks are often overlooked. Hence, in this study, we design a model incorporating COVID-19 parameters to mitigate the spread of the virus while designing an effective municipal medical waste supply chain network during a pandemic. The proposed model is multi-objective, multi-echelon, multi-commodity and involves coalition-based cooperation. The first objective function aims to minimize total costs, while the second objective pertains to minimizing the risk of a COVID-19 outbreak. We identify optimal collaboration among municipal medical waste collection centers to maximize cost savings. The COVID-19 prevalence risk level by the waste in each zone is calculated pursuant to their inhabitants. Additionally, we analyze a system dynamic simulation framework to forecast waste generation levels amid COVID-19 conditions. A metaheuristic based on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II is used to solve the problem and is benchmarked against exact solutions. To illustrate our approach, we present a case study focused on Tehran, Iran. The results show that an increase in the amount of generated waste leads to an increase in the total costs of the supply chain.

Geochemical study of heavy metals in samples from dumpsites at Onitsha, Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria

Core (0-60cm) samples were collected from selected dumpsites at Onitsha and control site at Awka, Nigeria. Physiochemical parameters (particle size distribution, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, Organic Matter (OM in %)) and heavy metals (Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Aluminium (Al), Cobalt (Co), Molybdenium (Mo), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn) and Silicon (Si)) were analyzed using standard methods. The result of the physiochemical analysis shows that the samples were generally sandy with acidic pH values (4.89-6.24); OM ranged from 5.693-27.71%; CEC ranged from 0.072-0.62(Cmol/kg). Comparatively, DS 5 (Obosi) has the highest levels of these heavy metals followed by DS 2 (Woliwo). The order is Bida < Okpoko <Obosi 1 < Woliwo < Obosi 2. The levels of these heavy metals were above the control values. They were equally above national and international guidelines. Enrichment Factor (EF) values varied between no enrichment to extremely severe enrichment. Pollution load index (PLI) indicated that all the sampled sites were polluted while the ecological risk of heavy metals varied between low contamination to high contamination. The prevailing indiscriminate disposal of wastes occasioned by nonexistence of appropriate disposal facilities is the direct cause of the situation. Proactive measures and regular environmental monitoring must be taken to minimize further deterioration as the contaminants pose serious deleterious effects on human and soil organisms.

Modeling Cs-137 Migration in Groundwater due to Low Probability Event of Leaching from Near Surface Disposal Facility for Low Level Solid Radioactive Waste

In this paper, we present impact of Cesium-137 (Cs-137) disposal in a Near Surface Disposal Facility (NSDF) with respect to groundwater migration and its consumption for drinking. We employ the Multiple Area Source Model for simulating the fate of radionuclide in groundwater to evaluate its potential contamination due to extremely low probability event of leaching from the NSDF. The assessment conservatively assumes direct interaction between disposal trenches and the underlying aquifer neglecting the barrier provided by the unsaturated zone. Temporal profiles of concentration of Cs-137 at different down flow distances in groundwater are obtained over a period extending several years post-disposal. The results indicate that even under such a worst-case conservative scenario and for an annual disposal rate of 3 TBq/y for a period of 50y, the maximum Cs-137 concentration in groundwater remains significantly below the safe drinking water threshold of 10 Bq/L recommended by the World Health Organization. It is found that amount of Cs-137 generally disposed in NSDF is significantly lower than the allowable disposal limit corresponding to concentration defined for safe drinking water limit.

Numerical simulation of the stress-strain state near the injection well at deep disposal facilities for liquid radioactive waste

Relevance. The need to predict deformations of the earth's surface near injection wells pumping liquid radioactive waste, as well as their stability when pressure changes in the well during injection. Aim. To perform a numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of the structural elements of the injection well and the surrounding rock mass using the finite element method, to determine the magnitude of the deformations of the earth's surface and define the stability of the well and the strength of the cement stone at the maximum injection pressure of liquid radioactive waste. Objects. Near-wellbore zone of one of the injection wells located at the liquid radioactive waste injection site. Methods. Numerical finite element method for calculating the stress-strain state of the near-wellbore zone, taking into account the distribution of the elastic properties of rocks along the simulated section and the main structural elements of the well. Results. The authors have developed the numerical finite element scheme of one of the injection wells, taking into account its main structural elements, as well as allowing you to set the pressure distribution within the exploited horizon during the injection of waste. In the model, the distribution of the elastic properties of rocks along the section was set, taking into account their lithological features. The authors carried out the analysis of the hydrodynamic parameters of the well operation and determined the maximum pressure at the wellhead during the injection of liquid radioactive waste, equal to 1.71 MPa. Numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of the near-wellbore zone was performed in two stages: for the conditions of an idle well and taking into account the pressure distribution at the maximum waste injection pressure. The distribution of vertical displacements at the level of the earth's surface, as well as at the top of the operational horizon at the maximum pressure of liquid radioactive waste injection, is obtained. It is shown that at such a pressure, the largest uplifts will be: on the earth's surface – 4.5 cm, on the top of the production horizon – 11 cm. An assessment of the stability of the well structural elements at a maximum waste injection depth of 280 m, corresponding to the maximum pressure, showed that the stresses in the well and cement stone are much lower than the values that can lead to their violation. For cement stone, the safety factor at a maximum pressure of 1.71 MPa was equal to 7.8.

Research on the implementation of integrated coastal management principles in Taiwan to mitigate disputes related to nuclear waste disposal

Taiwan's nuclear power plants are situated in coastal regions characterized by abundant socio-economic and ecological significance. In the context of managing high-level radioactive waste storage and disposal in the future, alongside technical considerations, there exist challenges related to public acceptance and communication. Radioactive waste management, including the siting of storage or disposal facilities, is a socially sensitive matter. The storage and disposal of radioactive waste represent a complex and multifaceted challenge that requires a comprehensive approach spanning multiple disciplines. One of the functions of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) is to coordinate conflicts related to coastal use. The concept has been progressively embraced and implemented by nations globally. This study employs grounded theory to examine the perspectives of the interviewed stakeholders. It subsequently introduces the principles of integrated coastal management for conflict resolution post-compilation. The study utilizes the principles and mechanisms of integrated coastal management to address or alleviate the challenges related to radioactive waste management in our country. Issues concerning conflict in relation to storage and disposal.

A computational framework to support probabilistic criticality modelling for the geological disposal of radioactive waste

Nuclear Waste Services is tasked with disposal of the UK’s higher-activity radioactive waste in a Geological Disposal Facility. The disposal of fissile nuclides requires a demonstration that there is no significant concern from criticality, i.e. a fission chain reaction. While waste packages will initially be emplaced in a subcritical configuration, over the long timescales following closure there is potential for waste packages to degrade and for nuclides to be dispersed in the subsurface by groundwater, leading to the potential for a critical system forming. To facilitate modelling, a codebase has been developed which interfaces a probabilistic simulation tool (GoldSim) with a neutron transport code (MONK/MCNP). This allows large ensemble simulations to be run iteratively to determine limiting fissile masses which satisfy a criticality safety criterion. This paper documents the main algorithms and methodologies implemented within this framework, and provides background and example results illustrating the application to post-closure criticality modelling.

Analisis Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Kawasan Kumuh Kecamatan Kandis Kabupaten Siak Tahun 2014 dan 2023

This research aims to identify the causes of land use change in the slum areas of Kandis Sub-district, Siak Regency, and analyze land use change from 2014 to 2023 using information maps. The method used is descriptive quantitative, with data analysis techniques based on weighting the quality of slum areas through geographic information systems (GIS) using GIS applications to identify location, distance, and settlement patterns. Sampling was done through proportional stratified random sampling. Data collection used primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data in the form of documentation studies. The results showed that: (1) The causes of land use change in Kandis Sub-district slum areas include an increase in population density every year, narrow spacing between buildings (1.5 to 3 meters), lack of clean water infrastructure, inadequate drainage, inadequate toilet conditions, and lack of waste disposal facilities. Community income is also low, below Rp. 1,000,000 per month. (2) The area of the slum area has increased significantly, from 0.27 Ha in 2014 to 9.6 Ha in 2023.

Effect of mineralized solution on protective properties of clays in radioactive waste isolation

In this paper there were studied the mineral composition and sorption properties as well as filtration properties of natural clay samples from “Gorodnoe” deposit of Brest region and “Markovskoe” deposit of Gomel region. It was determined that clay mineral montmorillonite of the samples contains illite phase in the structure, which is 4,8 wt.% in “Gorodnoe” sample and 3,6 wt.% in “Markovskoe” sample. The illite phase was shown to contain highly selective sorption sites for 137Cs. 85Sr sorption mostly takes place on montmorillonite. It was determined that model mineralized solution (the solution imitating chemical composition of water solution if water penetrates a radioactive waste disposal and consequently passes through concrete, Na-bentonite and again concrete layers) doesn’t affect 137Cs sorption, but significantly affects 85Sr sorption. Distribution coefficients (Kd ) of 137Cs sorption on studied clay samples are higher than 103 dm3 /kg, indicating high sorption properties of the clays towards 137Cs. Kd 85Sr for sorption on the clay samples in the model mineralized solution is 30 times lower than Kd 137Cs mostly because of competition between strontium and calcium ions. It was determined that filtration coefficient values of clays from “Gorodnoe” and “Markovskoe” deposits are 2,4 and 1,3 times higher after being treated with the model mineralized solution than the filtration coefficient values for raw clay samples. Hence, the clay from “Markovskoe” deposit is more resistant to the influence of the model mineralized solution than the clay from “Gorodnoe” deposit. The overall results of the research state that the clay from “Markovskoe” deposit can be used in the underlying layer of low- and medium-level radioactive waste disposal facility at NPP.

Waste Management Strategies by the Village Government

The general background waste management is a critical issue for sustainable community development, particularly in rural areas where resources are often constrained. Specific background in Wedoroklurak Village, effective waste management practices have become increasingly necessary due to rising waste production and its environmental impacts. Knowledge Gap: Although there is considerable literature on community-based waste management, there is limited research examining the specific roles of village governments in facilitating effective waste management strategies. Aims this study to analyze the roles of the village government in waste management, particularly its functions as a facilitator, mobilizer, and regulator. Results: The research findings reveal that the village government has successfully served as a facilitator by providing essential infrastructure, such as waste disposal facilities and educational resources for residents. Moreover, it has acted as a mobilizer by encouraging community participation through training programs. However, the government’s regulatory role has been inadequate, primarily relying on informal agreements rather than formal regulations. Novelty this study contributes valuable insights into the governance of waste management in rural contexts, emphasizing the need for more robust regulatory frameworks. Implications the findings suggest that strengthening regulatory measures can significantly improve waste management practices and promote sustainable environmental health in rural communities. Highlights: The government facilitates waste management through resource provision. Community education and training are essential for environmental awareness. Regulatory measures are needed for effective waste management practices. Keywords: Waste Management, Government, Community, Facilitator, Mobilizer

Safety assessment of introducing radioactive waste incineration facilities in Korea: An off-site resident dose evaluation

As nuclear power technology advances, radioactive waste accumulation rises, necessitating measures to alleviate strain on disposal facilities and minimize waste management costs. Analysis of radioactive waste composition revealed that combustible waste comprised the largest proportion (45 %), with incineration demonstrating high reduction efficiency for this fraction. In order for a radioactive waste incineration facility to be introduced, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of gas radioactive effluent generated during city operation. Evaluation criteria have already been established and methodologies also exist, but these results greatly depend on the area where the incineration facilities are located, the waste to be treated, the operation method of the facilities. Accordingly, this study assumed annual throughput and radionuclide concentrations based on the radioactive waste stored and generated in Korea. The centralized operation method at a specific site was compared with the decentralized operation method employed at all sites. Post-incineration, the impact of radionuclides released from the facilities was analyzed against Nuclear Safety and Security Commission standards, confirming the discharge standards and doses for single facilities and entire sites.

Water scarcity and its implications on sanitation: A perspective study in an emerging city in Northern Ghana

Water scarcity is a critical global challenge affecting billions of people, particularly in developing regions like sub-Saharan Africa. In Ghana, this issue has become increasingly pronounced, with limited access to clean and safe water posing serious threats to the health and livelihoods of many communities. This study investigated the intricate relationship between water scarcity and accessibility, and the associated implications on sanitation practices in Damongo, a newly created regional capital and an emerging city. The study showed that the area faced evident water scarcity, with a daily per capita water consumption as low as 0.128 m3. Mechanized boreholes emerged as potential solutions, particularly for the 61.2% of respondents experiencing waiting times exceeding 15 min. The economic repercussions were noteworthy, as high water costs impacted livelihoods, emphasizing the need for policy interventions, especially for low-income households. Sanitation challenges are widespread, with 62.8% relying on pit latrines, and 56.1% lacking proper infrastructure. Water and sanitation-related diseases like typhoid and diarrhoea highlight the need for urgent interventions to enhance water quality and sanitation practices. Household water infrastructure analysis revealed diverse, primarily privately owned sources. Gender imbalances persist in water-fetching responsibilities, with 58.2% relying solely on females. Domestic water sources predominantly involved traditional options, potentially exposing residents to unsafe practices. Sanitation maintenance practices and intervals varied, signaling the necessity for comprehensive solutions. Households without toilets resorted to open spaces (43.6%), gutters (29.1%), and public toilets (12.7%), indicating challenges in waste disposal and sanitation facility access. Insights on the health dimension considered uncovering the prevalence of the top five water and sanitation-related diseases for 2022. These included typhoid (24.3%), diarrhoea (30.0%), Cholera (11.7%), Dysentery (14.6%), and Hepatitis (19.3%). These findings suggest the pressing need for improved sanitation and clean water access, as inadequate infrastructure and water scarcity contribute significantly to these health challenges.

Post closure safety assessment for near surface disposal

Near-surface facilities which are designed on or below the surface are typically used for Low Level Waste (LLW) and short-lived Intermediate Level Waste (ILW) disposal. Due to the site characteristics changes such as climate in the long-term period, a comprehensive disposal Safety Assessment (SA) is required to predict the future situation. The main aim of this paper is to make a safety assessment of a trench type near surface disposal facility in Iran based on ISAM methodology recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In such a manner, a surface water erosion, a shepherd, and a human intrusion are considered as design and alternative scenarios to model using AMBER code for a period of 100,000 years. Results presented; the maximum radiation is related to human intrusion scenario in which the total dose radiation reached to 0.3 mSv/y in the first year after the site passive institutional control. Moreover, the dose released from the investigated scenarios in the post-closure phase was less than 1 mSv/y, which is the IAEA regulatory body safety criteria. Comparison of the results showed that the current site is designed and constructed in accordance with safety guidelines which are established by the IAEA and Iran National Regulatory Authority (INRA).

Exploring gender-specific mental health status and socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on slum dwellers in Khulna City corporation, Bangladesh

BackgroundCOVID-19 has devastated every aspect of life worldwide, where slum dwellers are particularly vulnerable due to persistent inequities. This study aims to explore the socioeconomic and gender-specific mental health impacts of COVID-19 on slum dwellers.MethodologyGeneralized ordered logistic regression with auto-fit was performed to identify predictors of socioeconomic and mental health conditions among the participants. Data analysis was conducted using Stata software, with a 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05.ResultsThe study found that males who were smokers and lost their jobs during the pandemic were more prone to experience severe mental health problems. Over 60% of females experienced moderate mental health issues due to the use of unimproved sanitation facilities. Moreover, females who received support during the pandemic and lived in areas with fixed garbage disposal had less probability of experiencing severe mental health issues.ConclusionImplementing community-based initiatives that promote social integration, providing skill-building opportunities, and addressing economic vulnerabilities may significantly improve the mental well-being of this vulnerable community. Collaboration between the Government and stakeholders is essential to address critical needs, such as proper garbage disposal and gender-segregated sanitation facilities, to build a sustainable community.

Coupled Modelling of Brine Availability in Salt-Based Disposal Facilities - Learning from DECOVALEX 2023

Salt is a potential host rock or caprock for deep geological disposal facilities for radioactive waste and has several favourable properties compared to other candidate rock types. In particular, intact salt has an extremely small porosity and permeability, which limits water availability and transmissivity. This has tended to lead to disposal concepts in salt being considered as ‘mostly dry’ and hence ideally suited to limiting groundwater interactions that could otherwise lead to corrosion of waste packages and mobilisation of radionuclides over isolation timescales (10 5 -10 6 years). However, there is plentiful experimental evidence to suggest that excavations in bedded salt can exhibit non-trivial inflows. These inflows often increase on heating and are thought to arise due to complicated interactions between thermal, hydrogeological and mechanical processes in the salt. Task E in the international collaborative DECOVALEX 2023 programme was established to attempt to better understand how these coupled processes affect brine availability in bedded salt. A summary of the UK team's learning from the task is given in this paper that may be of relevance when constructing models to inform future safety cases for radioactive waste disposal in salt, and other energy geoscience applications where brine interactions are a potentially complicating factor.

Geospatial Analysis of Abiotic and Biotic Conditions Associated with Leptospirosis in the Klaten Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.

The Klaten Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia, is a leptospirosis endemic area. The purpose of this study is to spatially describe the abiotic and biotic environmental factors that contributed to the incidence of leptospirosis in the Klaten Regency in 2018. This was a descriptive observational with a cross-sectional approach conducted in the Klaten Regency, Central Java, in 2019 with 59 respondents. The results revealed that the percentage of abiotic environmental factors such as poor waste disposal facilities, poor gutter conditions, rivers < 200 m, and flooding history, namely 35.6%, 41.2%, 54.2%, and 6.8%, respectively. The highest leptospirosis cases occurred in April 2018, with 325 mm of rainfall, an average temperature of 27 °C, an average humidity of 82.3%, and an altitude of 100-200 MASL (79.7%). Meanwhile, biotic factors included rat nest existence (100%), having pets at risk (32.2%), and ≥three types of vegetation (79.7%). The main result confirmed that all leptospirosis cases had rat nests throughout the respondent's house. This finding emphasizes the importance of rat pest control programs by establishing cross-sectoral collaboration with the Department of Agriculture and educating the public to also play a role in environmental cleanliness in controlling rats.

Environmental Sanitation Status Associated with Dermatitis in Fishermen's Families, Padang, Indonesia: Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals

Objective: This research aims to investigate the association between environmental sanitation status and dermatitis in fisherman's families in urban areas. Theoretical Framework: Fishing families often live in challenging environmental conditions with limited access to adequate sanitation facilities, which hinders the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This situation can increase the risk of various diseases, including dermatitis. Method: The current cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with the participation of 100 fisherman’s families in the urban areas of Padang City in Indonesia. The questionnaire was used in this research for demographic information, dermatitis experiences in last year, and environmental sanitation status. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis. Results and Discussion: This research found that 51% of fishing families in Padang City experienced dermatitis, while 49% did not experience this condition. Significant associations were observed between clean water source and dermatitis (p=0.05) as well as the garbage dump. However, there were no significant associations between toilet and dermatitis as well as waste water disposal facilities. Research Implications: The According to these researches, it can be concluded that clean water sanitation and waste management have an important role in preventing dermatitis, while other factors such as toilets and waste water disposal may be influenced by other variables not examined in this study