Disposal Activity Research Articles

Study of Variation in Physico-Chemical Parameters Controlling the Water Quality of Wetlands in Khultabad Region of Maharashtra

Wetlands are essential for preserving the hydrological cycle, the diversity of the world's ecosystems, the regulation of the climate, and human wellbeing. Humans can benefit directly from wetlands ecosystems in addition to receiving indirect services from them. The world is experiencing serious environmental issues due to the rapid depletion of natural resources, posing a threat to ecosystems. The wetland resource is mainly contaminated from sewage or wastewater disposal, encroachment, commercial and industrial activity. In view of this current study compares the water of wetlands in Khultabad tehsil of the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. The samples were collected in Pre monsoon in January 2022. A total of 28 water samples were analyzed collected from wet lands situated in the central part of Aurangabad district, Maharashtra. The samples were tested for pH and temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness, bicarbonate, chlorides and nitrate. For developing suitable policies and carrying out priorities, knowledge of the fundamental and integrated facts on wetlands is crucial. All the selected parameters are showing higher values due to the continual discharge of waste effluents into it. According to the study, there should be urgent action is needed to restore water quality and support any long-term plans for wetland restoration.

The driving factors behind urban communities' carbon emissions in the selected urban villages of Jakarta, Indonesia.

As there is a high number of urban communities and residential activities like electricity uses, transportation, food consumption, garbage production, and knowledge on climate change and carbon emissions, these affect the resulting carbon emissions in the city. However, the studies learn about the association between household and human activities, socio-demographic characteristic, carbon emissions and climate change knowledge on urban communities carbon emissions at Jakarta are still rare. This study aimed to assess whether daily human behavior, demographic variables, climate change knowledge, and carbon emissions knowledge affecting carbon emissions of urban communities. A cross-sectional study design was performed via a structured questionnaire survey and a jejakkarbonku application towards 200 respondents who were living in the two selected urban villages of Jakarta, Indonesia (Jatinegara and East Cengkareng). The results revealed that the mean urban communities' carbon emissions in the region were 4.4 tonnes CO2 eq/th. Electricity consumption in the kitchen and dining room produced the most carbon emissions (38.6%), and waste disposal activity produced the least (0.68%). Urban carbon emissions affected by employment status and income level, but not according to food consumption, garbage production, climate change and carbon emission knowledge. Climate change and carbon emissions knowledge influenced by marital and employment status. Although not significant, in theory, these two types of knowledge contribute indirectly to carbon emissions. Further research on the low carbon diet, intervention studies to increase deep awareness on the carbon emissions and climate change is needed to develop strategies reducing carbon emissions at urban communities.

Costs associated with exit or disposal activities: A topic modeling investigation of disclosure and market reaction

SummaryThe Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) mandates disclosure of exit or disposal activity events in 8‐K filings. We use Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a topic modeling method from computational linguistics, to investigate the possibility that substantively different event types may be subsumed under Item 2.05, the SEC category for costs associated with exit or disposal activities. Our analysis reveals that four distinct topics are reported under the Item 2.05 umbrella category: (1) restructuring, (2) disposal of a line of business, (3) plant closings, and (4) layoffs/workforce reductions. We then investigate various aspects of these 8‐K filings. We find that the market reacts most negatively to workforce reductions that are reported in the absence of a broader strategic initiative. Subsequent amendments to the Item 2.05 8‐K filings are significantly more likely for restructuring initiatives, and significantly less likely for layoffs. Asset impairment charges most frequently accompany line‐of‐business disposals and plant closings. Our results demonstrate that there are meaningful differences between the event types reported within Item 2.05 filings and that LDA provides a useful means of differentiating among these event types.

Managing the Material Flow in Textile and Clothing Closed-loop Supply Chain with Product, Material, and Energy Recoveries: A Conceptual Framework

The emerging era of fast fashion has broadened the issue of sustainability and post-consumer waste in the textile and clothing industry. Textile and clothing manufacturers carry out Reverse Logistics (RL) and Closed-loop Supply Chain (CLSC) operations to manage waste related to used garment products. This study reviews existing literature on RL and CLSC in the textile and clothing industry and develops a conceptual framework for material management. This study proposes a framework to manage the flow of material in CLSC with three recovery alternatives, i.e. product, material, and energy recovery. We suggest a CLSC model involving a textile manufacturer, garment manufacturer, fashion retailer, and MRF (Material Recovery Facility). We propose an RL scheme with 100% recovery and no disposal activity. The proposed model allows the CLSC system to recover waste into energy and utilise it as an alternative energy in the upstream supply chain. We discuss some of the model limitations along with its challenges for implementation.

Comparative assessment of wetland water quality from rural and urban area of Aurangabad District, Maharashtra, India using water quality index

The wetland is one of the main water resources, which mainly gets contaminated from sewage or wastewater disposal, encroachment, commercial and industrial activity. In view of this current study compares the water of wetlands in urban and rural areas of the Khultabad tehsil in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, India. A total of 28 water samples were collected, out of that 20 from Pangara Talav (PT) and 8 from Girija Talav (GT) in Pre-monsoon 2022. The samples were tested for major physicochemical parameters. The water quality assessment shows that increased values of COD/BOD in the PT than in the GT, which may be attributable to existing human encroachment taking place on the lake's shores. The water quality index (WQI) also shows that PT water is slightly more polluted as compared with GT. The study suggests that immediate effort is required to improve water quality and support any future initiatives for restoring wetlands.

Disposal Date Calculator for Radioactive Material

A computer program in PHP was developed to become easier the disposal calculus for radioactive material of low and medium radiation levels according to CNEN-801 (Low and medium radiation level waste management). The user selects some inputs as: the radionuclide name, its physical state, activity and obtains among others outputs: the number of days for disposal and disposal date. There is an option for calculation without considering the radionuclide where the parameters are only the half-life, initial and disposal activity. It can be accessed by the Internet or downloaded from a repository to be installed on the users computer or server. The program language can be chosen between Portuguese and English.

A Preliminary Study of Alterations in Iron Disposal and Neural Activity in Ischemic Stroke.

Purpose The study aimed to evaluate the postrehabilitation changes in deep gray matter (DGM) nuclei, corticospinal tract (CST), and motor cortex area, involved in motor tasks in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods Three patients participated in this study, who had experienced an ischemic stroke on the left side of the brain. They underwent a standard rehabilitation program for four consecutive weeks, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), and occupational therapy. The patients' motor ability was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity (FMA-UE) and Wolf motor function test (WMFT). Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired from the patients by a 3 Tesla machine before and after the rehabilitation. The magnetic susceptibility changes were examined in DGM nuclei including the bilateral caudate (CA), putamen (PT), globus pallidus (GP), and thalamus (TH) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Functional MRI (fMRI) in the motor cortex areas was acquired to evaluate the postrehab functional motor activity. The three-dimensional corticospinal tract (CST) was reconstructed using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), and the fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured along the tract. Ultimately, the relationship between the structural and functional changes was evaluated in CST and motor cortex. Results Postrehabilitation FMA-UE and WMFT scores increased for all patients compared to the prerehabilitation. QSM analysis revealed increasing in susceptibility values in GP and CA in all patients at the ipsilesional hemisphere. By fMRI analysis, the ipsilesional hemisphere demonstrated an increase in functional activity in motor areas for all 3 patients. In the ipsilesional hemisphere, the fractional anisotropy (FA) was increased in CST in two patients, while the mean diffusivity (MD) was decreased in CA in a patient, in PT and TH in another patient, and in PT in two patients. Conclusion This preliminary study demonstrates that the magnetic susceptibility may decrease at some ipsilesional DGM nuclei after tDCS, NMES, and occupational therapy for patients with ischemic stroke, suggesting a drop in the level of iron deposition, which may be associated with an increase in the level of activity in motor cortex after rehabilitation.

Mapping aquifer salinity gradients and effects of oil field produced water disposal using geophysical logs: Elk Hills, Buena Vista and Coles Levee Oil Fields, San Joaquin Valley, California.

The effects of oil and gas production on adjacent groundwater quality are becoming a concern in many areas of the United States. As a result, it has become increasingly important to identify which aquifers require monitoring and protection. In this study, we map the extent of groundwater with less than 10,000 mg/L TDS both laterally and vertically near the Elk Hills, Buena Vista and Coles Levee Oil Fields in the San Joaquin Valley, California and note evidence of effects of produced water disposal on salinity within the Tulare aquifer. Subsurface maps showing the depth at which groundwater salinity is less than 10,000 mg/L (or Base 10K) in the Tulare aquifer are generated using geophysical logs and verified by comparison to water sample analyses. The depth to Base 10K ranges from 240 m (800 ft) in Elk Hills to 800 m (2650 ft) in the adjacent Buena Vista syncline and is 670 m (2,200 ft) deep in the Coles Levee area to the east. Log-calculated salinities show a relatively smooth increase with depth prior to disposal activities whereas salinities calculated from logs collected near and after disposal activities show a more variable salinity profile with depth. The effect of produced water injection is represented by log resistivity profiles that change from low resistivity at the base of the sand to higher resistivity near the top due to density differences between the saline produced water and the brackish groundwater within each sand. Continued post-disposal logging in new wells in the 18G disposal area on the south flank of Elk Hills shows that injected water has migrated approximately 1,200 m (4,000 ft) downdip (south) over a period of 20 years since the inception of disposal activity.

AUTOMATED WASTE COLLECTION CONTAINER LID OPENER PROTOTYPE WITH DISINFECTANT SPRAYER AS PART OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION PREVENTION

Nosocomial infection is a health issues related to the in-hospital activities. One of the indirect cause was the contamination related to the waste disposal activity. All hospital waste was deemed hazardous that it needs extra care during collection. Cross contamination may arises when the waste containers was not treated. To alleviate the problem and to promote healthy habits, this article describe a smart disinfectant sprayed waste collection container and its status reports. By automating the lid opening and closing that was triggered by human proximities using passive infrared detector and ultrasound sensor, it provide convenience in waste disposal. This also prevent cross contamination related with physical contact with the waste container which may induce the nosocomial infection. The container also tracking its remained waste capacity and will report when it was almost full to prevent overflowed and to alarmed for immediate waste pickup. In case of delayed container collection, the lids will remain closed and the light indicator turn to red. The indicator will turn green in normal conditions and turn yellow if the container was almost full. ESP32 was used to interface with ultrasound sensors to approximate the container remaining capacity. Passive infrared sensor and a servo motor was linked to actuates the lid opening and closing. Some disinfectant was sprayed for every detected increase in waste level. The disinfectant aerosol canister was pushed by a DC motor. For reporting, the systems was equipped with LoRa for status report. This systems was tested inside Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta II building and could reach at least 80m distance from the report center for reporting.

Opportunities for improving opioid disposal practices in the Veterans Health Administration.

DisclaimerIn an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.PurposeThe potentially vast supply of unused opioids in Americans’ homes has long been a public health concern. We conducted a needs assessment of how Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities address and manage disposal of unused opioid medications to identify opportunities for improvement.MethodsWe used rapid qualitative content analysis methods with team consensus to synthesize findings. Data were collected in 2 waves: (1) semistructured interviews with 19 providers in October 2019 and (2) structured questions to 21 providers in March to April of 2020 addressing how coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) changed disposal priorities.ResultsWhile many diverse strategies have been tried in the VA, we found limited standardization of advice on opioid disposal and practices nationally. Providers offered the following recommendations: target specific patient scenarios for enhanced disposal efforts, emphasize mail-back envelopes, keep recommendations to providers and patients consistent and reinforce existing guidance, explore virtual modalities to monitor disposal activity, prioritize access to viable disposal strategies, and transition from pull to push communication. These themes were identified in the fall of 2019 and remained salient in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionA centralized VA national approach could include proactive communication with patients and providers, interventions tailored to specific settings and populations, and facilitated access to disposal options. All of the above strategies are feasible in the context of an extended period of social distancing.

A Persuasive Technology for Managing Waste Disposal through Smart Trash Bin and Waste Disposal Tracker

<p>Waste management issue is a relevant topic that had been focused on many persuasive technologies. This issue is not only related to getting disposed of waste in proper places but also reducing waste disposal volume. This paper proposes a persuasive system that aims both goals by providing a smart trash bin and waste disposal tracker. The smart trash bin is an IoT-featured trash bin whereas waste disposal tracker is a mobile application which can record user daily waste disposal volume statistic. Based on the evaluation, our proposed system has achieved both goals. Additionally, it also solves several impediments such as incapability of moral background to encourage people to dispose waste on the trash bin, boring and monotonous waste disposal activity, and discouragement for disposing waste due to full trash bin. In order to attract people, our system includes attractive mechanisms such as playful experience, reflective experience, and gamification. Playful experience is applied to a smart trash bin, whereas the other two are applied to the waste disposal tracker.</p>

Soft-bottom community responses in a marine area influenced by recurrent dumping activities and freshwater discharges

The results of a 3 years monitoring program to assess the effects associated with recurrent dredged spoil disposal activity in a naturally stressed subtidal coastal area subjected to estuarine inputs are described. Changes observed through time in environmental and anthropogenic variables have been analyzed using cumulated sums and compared to macrobenthic community structure. Results revealed a scarce impact of the recurrent dumping activities, with faunal assemblages derived from the main “Tellina-venus community”. The magnitude of estuarine influence appeared indeed greater on the soft-bottom community than the putative changes due to anthropogenic activities. Through a combination of high energetic conditions, structural changes were observed and ascribed to a flushing action of the highly channeled estuary. Finally, an exceptional flood was recorded over the monitoring period, resulting in a short-term spatial homogenization of the benthic community with an abundance burst of A. alba. Origins of this main new species are discussed.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solid waste landfill cover soil: Chemical and isotopic composition vs. degradation processes

Landfills for solid waste disposal release to the atmosphere a large variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Bacterial activity in landfill cover soils can play an important role in mitigating VOC emission. In order to evaluate the effects of degradation processes and characterize VOCs composition in landfill cover soil, gases from 60 sites and along 7 vertical profiles within the cover soil were collected for chemical and isotopic analysis at two undifferentiated urban solid waste disposal sites in Spain: (i) Pinto (Madrid) and (ii) Zurita (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands). The CO2/CH4 ratios and δ13C-CO2 and δ13C-CH4 values were controlled by either oxidation or reduction processes of landfill gas (LFG). VOCs were dominated by aromatics, alkanes and O-substituted compounds, with minor cyclics, terpenes, halogenated and S-substituted compounds. Degradation processes, depending on both (i) waste age and (ii) velocity of the uprising biogas through the soil cover, caused (i) an increase of degradation products (e.g., CO2, O-substituted compounds) and (ii) a decrease of degradable components (e.g., CH4, alkanes, alkylated aromatics, cyclic and S-substituted compounds). Terpenes, halogenated compounds, phenol and furans were unaffected by degradation processes and only depended on waste composition. These results highlight the fundamental role played by microbial activity in mitigating atmospheric emissions of VOCs from landfills. Nevertheless, the recalcitrant behaviour shown by compounds hazardous for health and environment remarks the importance of a correct landfill management that has to be carried out for years after the waste disposal activity is completed, since LFG emissions can persist for long time.

Microseismic assessment and fault characterization at the Sulcis (South-Western Sardinia) field laboratory

The general acceptance of the CO2 geological storage by stakeholders passes through the assessment and mitigation of risks, potentially induced or increased by the disposal activity. Injection of moderate to large quantities of CO2 in the sub-surface may unbalance local stress and trigger earthquakes if faults are critically stressed, condition that is not easily verifiable. Pilot sites are therefore the best way to proceed further in order to address such challenging issues. In such cases, the reconnaissance of faults and seismicity in the sub-surface, before the onset of activity, is mandatory. In this paper, we present studies carried out in the site where the Sotacarbo Fault Lab is going to be installed. This facility will be located in a very low seismic hazard region of central Mediterranean, where reports on historical large earthquakes are poor. We show results from a series of experiments aimed to monitor the background seismicity around the pilot site. As expected, seismicity is almost absent down to small magnitude close to the future injection-test well. Further seismic imaging of the sub-surface layers obtained by ambient noise tomography offers the ability to resolve the presence of a seismicity-free fault located in the first 200 m below the surface, of which the last episode of activity is difficult to assess. Our results encourage the use of this site to follow the response of the system to injection of small quantity of CO2.

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF CAMPINA GRANDE LANDFILL BASED ON TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL ASPECTS

Landfills have become the main environmentally sound form of final disposal of urban solid waste and when properly managed, do not cause harm or risks to public health. The objective of this work was to perform an analysis of the environmental quality of the Landfill in Campina Grande / PB, in order to verify if the landfill meets the technical standards and environmental requirements. In the analysis of the data collected were used, as reference, the standards NBR 8,419 (ABNT, 1992) and NBR 13,896 (ABNT, 1997). From the analyzed data, it was verified, that the landfill presents technical and operational conditions for the employees to work and an operability that makes possible the accomplishment of the activities in a satisfactory and environmentally safe way. Thus, the studied area is appropriate for the waste disposal activity according to NBR 8,419 (ABNT, 1992) and NBR 13,896 (ABNT, 1997). However, improvements are suggested for the internal access routes, since, because they are not paved, it may hinder the passage of trucks that discharge the waste on days of intense rain.

HUBUNGAN PANJANG DAN BERAT IKAN KEPERAS (Cyclocheilichtyhys apogon) DISUNGAI TELANG DESA BAKAM KABUPATEN BANGKA

Keperas Fish (Cyclocheilichthys apogon) is one of the dominant species of local fish (indigenous species) found in the waters of Bangka Island. keperas fish has economic value for the people of Bakam village. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of Liquid Waste Disposal Activity of Palm Oil Factory to Fishing Growth (Cyclocheilichtyhys apogon) Telang River Bakam Village in May 2017. Sampling method using purposive sampling. Data analysis used descriptive analysis to know the growth of keperas fish and quantitative analysis to know the value of long correlation weight of male fish (Cyclocheilichthysapogon) in the part before the waste stream follow the equation W = -1.38948L 2.465525 and while for the female fish before the flow of waste W = 0.957107L0.315034 and while the length and weight relationship of male keperas (Cyclocheilichthys apogon) after section of the waste stream follows the equation W = 1.507886L-0.15259 for male keperas fish while for female keperas fish section after the waste stream W = 0 , 580718L0.672259. From the equation we get the value of male fish before the flow of waste of 2.465525 and male fish section after the waste stream of -0.15259, while for the female fish section before the waste stream of 0.315034 and for the female section after the waste flow of 0.672259.

Hydromechanical Earthquake Nucleation Model Forecasts Onset, Peak, and Falling Rates of Induced Seismicity in Oklahoma and Kansas

AbstractThe earthquake activity in Oklahoma and Kansas that began in 2008 reflects the most widespread instance of induced seismicity observed to date. We develop a reservoir model to calculate the hydrologic conditions associated with the activity of 902 saltwater disposal wells injecting into the Arbuckle aquifer. Estimates of basement fault stressing conditions inform a rate‐and‐state friction earthquake nucleation model to forecast the seismic response to injection. Our model replicates many salient features of the induced earthquake sequence, including the onset of seismicity, the timing of the peak seismicity rate, and the reduction in seismicity following decreased disposal activity. We present evidence for variable time lags between changes in injection and seismicity rates, consistent with the prediction from rate‐and‐state theory that seismicity rate transients occur over timescales inversely proportional to stressing rate. Given the efficacy of the hydromechanical model, as confirmed through a likelihood statistical test, the results of this study support broader integration of earthquake physics within seismic hazard analysis.

Use of online information and suitability of target in shoplifting: A routine activity based analysis

Shoplifting is the largest contributor to inventory depletion in the US retail sector. To effectively mitigate and prevent such criminal activity, one needs to understand the shoplifter's perspectives on the suitability of the retail products targeted for shoplifting. Extending Routine Activity Theory (RAT) from criminology literature to include usefulness of online information, we analyze shoplifters' perceptions regarding future target suitability by considering a retail item's value, inertia, visibility, and accessibility (VIVA). We also examine how online information about a target's disposal and guardianship can influence shoplifters' decisions. In this paper, the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method was used to analyze data collected in the Western New York area over a one-year period. The results show positive effects of value and reverse inertia on target suitability. Interestingly, the relationship between target suitability and the usefulness of online information about post-shoplifting disposal activity was negative. Implications for future research and practical applications for shoplifting prevention are discussed.

Identification of Important Parameter from Leachate Solid Waste Landfill on Water Quality, Case Study of Pesanggrahan River

Cipayung Landfill takes waste generation from Depok City approximately ± 750 tons/day of solid waste. The south and west boundaries of the landfill is Pesanggarahan River which 200m faraway. The objectives of this study are to indicate an important parameter which greatly affects the water quality of Pesanggrahan River and purpose the dynamic model for improving our understanding of the dynamic behavior that captures the interactions and feedbacks important parameter in river in order to identify and assess the effects of the treated leachate from final solid waste disposal activity as it responds to changes over time in the river. The high concentrations of BOD and COD are not the only cause significantly affect the quality of the pesanggrahan water, it also because the river has been contaminated in the upstream area. It need the water quality model to support the effectiveness calculation of activities for preventing a selected the pollutant sources the model should be developed for simulating and predicting the trend of water quality performance in Pesanggrahan River which can potentially be used by policy makers in strategic management to sustain river water quality as raw drinking water.

How faults wake up: The Guthrie-Langston, Oklahoma earthquakes

Large-scale wastewater disposal has led to a fast-paced reawakening of faults in the Oklahoma/Kansas region. High-resolution earthquake relocations show that the inventory of ancient basement faults in the study region differs from results of seismic surveys and geologic mapping focused on the sedimentary cover. We analyze the evolution of seismic activity in the Guthrie-Langston sequence in central Oklahoma in greater detail. Here, seismic activity has reactivated a network of at least 12 subvertical faults in an area less than 10 km across. Recorded activity began in late 2013, peaked about six months later, and includes two M 4 earthquakes. These earthquakes characteristically occur at about 4 km depth below the top of the basement and do not reach the sedimentary cover. The sequence shows a radial growth pattern despite being no closer than 10 km to significant wastewater disposal activity. Hydrologic modeling suggests that activity initiated with a time lag of several years relative to early injection activity. Once initiated, earthquake interactions contribute to the propagation of seismicity along the reactivated faults. As a result, the spatiotemporal evolution of the seismicity mimics a diffusive pattern that is typically thought to be associated with injection activity. Analysis of the fault slip potential shows that most faults are critically stressed in the contemporary stress field. Activity on some faults, for which we find low slip probability, suggests a significant contribution of geomechanical heterogeneities to the reawakening of these ancient basement faults.