Display Platforms Research Articles

Display court ecology in male Albert’s Lyrebirds

ABSTRACT Display courts are fundamental to the sexual displays of many species of bird; however, the ecology of display courts is poorly understood, representing an important gap in our understanding of the function and evolution of complex animal displays. Here, we describe the biophysical attributes (‘ecology’) of the display courts of male Albert’s Lyrebirds, a ground-dwelling rainforest species that performs a spectacular song and dance display on set courts, known as ‘display platforms’, that are composed of vines or fallen branches. Males rhythmically move these vegetative structures while singing, forming a unique ‘stage shaking’ component of their sexual display. We investigated whether display platforms differed from random locations within a male’s territory in terms of the number of vines or other vegetative structures, area of ground clearing, vegetation density, and canopy cover measurements. We primarily found that platforms had a larger number of vines or other vegetative structures. Platforms also tended to be in areas with more canopy openings. We suggest that platform features amplify the movement of the dancing male, and that male Albert’s Lyrebirds choose platforms in locations that increase their conspicuousness to female receivers.

Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality: A New Way of Seeing the World

Technologies such as (AR) Augmented Reality &(VR) Virtual Reality, which provide immersive digital experiences, interactive environments, simulation, and engagement, have completely changed how we approach learning. However, in order to meet the huge demand in education, these technologies which are still in the emerging stage need to be heavily customized and heavily invested in. This thorough analysis seeks to contextualize the last few years of development of Virtual and Augmented Reality in the Education. For additional study, a total one thousand five hundred and thirty-six articles are chosen using text mining and theme analysis techniques. Based on earlier research on AR and VR in education, hypotheses were developed and are currently being processed and analysed to reveal the current development in literature via Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, applications, benefits, and future directions. The findings show that wearable technology has contributed significantly to the exponential expansion in the use of Virtual and Augmented Reality in education in recent years. Results also highlight the need for faster adoption and customization of these technologies in educational institutions, based on secondary data. An increasing number of educational applications for the learning process are emerging as Virtual and Augmented Realityexp and quickly. It is advised that researchers stay up to date on the gaps in AR and VR’s Changeover to education &develop practical adaptation strategies to maximize the benefits of these technological development with significant developments in high-speed transmission and processing, AR &VR are developing as Display Platforms for Next Generation for more intimate human-digital interactions. Nonetheless, matching the extraordinary Human Vision Performance while keeping Near the Eye Display module tiny and lightweight presents unprecedented hurdles for optical engineering. Fortunately, new advances in Holographic Optical Elements HOEs and Lithography Enable Devices present novel approaches to overcoming these challenges in Virtual and Augmented Reality which would otherwise be problematic with traditional optics

Performative Manipulation of the Environment by Displaying Albert's Lyrebirds.

AbstractWhere dramatic sexual displays are involved in attracting a mate, individuals can enhance their performances by manipulating their physical environment. Typically, individuals alter their environment either in preparation for a performance by creating a "stage" or during the display itself by using discrete objects as "props." We examined an unusual case of performative manipulation of an entire stage by male Albert's lyrebirds (Menura alberti) during their complex song and dance displays. We found that males from throughout the species' range shake the entangled forest vegetation of their display platforms, creating a highly conspicuous and stereotypical movement external to their bodies. This "stage shaking" is performed in two different rhythms, with the second rhythm an isochronous beat that matches the beat of the coinciding vocalizations. Our results provide evidence that stage shaking is an integral, and thus likely functional, component of male Albert's lyrebird sexual displays and so highlight an intriguing but poorly understood facet of complex communication.

Legal Protection from Artificial Intelligence Technology Used to Filter Visual Contents via the Internet

Artificial intelligence technology is used to filter the visual content displayed on digital display platforms in a way that enhances its competitive role and organizes its content. It also involves several risks, including the possibility of causing direct damage to users of visual content display platforms via the Internet. The utilization of artificial intelligence technology for content filtering on these platforms gives rise to legal concerns regarding the liability framework in cases of damages resulting from such filtering activities. This is due to the absence of established legal regulations governing the use of artificial intelligence technology, as well as the ongoing development or nonexistence of relevant legal rules. Furthermore, the user base of these platforms continues to expand. The study proposes the adoption of a liability system that achieves a balance between the owners, operators, or developers of these platforms and their users. The responsibility of the stronger party arises as soon as the damage occurs. This type of responsibility is more suitable for the circumstances surrounding the employment of artificial intelligence tools in filtering visual content on digital display platforms via the Internet.

51‐2: Invited Paper: Developing a Platform for Creating Waveguide Combiners for AR Headsets and Metasurface‐based Optics

Augmented and Virtual Reality will enable new platforms for communicating, learning, and computing. These new display platforms rely on essential waveguide combiners for transporting, expanding, and rendering the image generated by the light engine onto the glasses. Using its more than 50 years of semiconductor experience, Applied Materials is now developing waveguide combiners on glass. Metasurface‐based optics will revolutionize the world of optics, creating opportunities for new, nanostructured optical devices with a much thinner form factor not previously possible with classical optics. This paper describes the new materials and the techniques needed to create these nanostructured optical devices.

High‐throughput screening and biological display technology: Applications in molecular imaging

AbstractMolecular imaging plays important roles in many fields, including disease diagnosis, therapeutic efficacy evaluation, intraoperative imaging guidance, drug metabolism monitoring, and patient selection for appropriate treatment. As a key component, the targeting ligand determines the specificity, affinity, and in vivo performance of molecular imaging probes. In this review, high‐throughput screening and biological display platforms for the discovery of ligands applicable to molecular imaging are briefly reviewed. Basic information on ligand development for molecular imaging is first introduced, followed by a presentation of various selection platforms and typical or iterative cases. The features, advantages, limitations, and application scope of screening and display platforms are compared and discussed. Last, a basic selection strategy and a perspective for protein‐based ligands are provided.

ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ ПРОСУВАННЯ ТОВАРІВ ТА ПОСЛУГ У СОЦІАЛЬНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ

The article reveals the features of promoting goods and services in social networks, using it in the context of the most powerful business tool. The main reason for the study is the rapid transition of business online due to the intensification of intra-industry competition, manifestations of modern megatrends, and most importantly – the duration of the war in the country. The content and concept of "social media marketing" are analyzed based on the works of prominent scientists. The most optimal SMM promotion strategy for brand development has been determined. An algorithm for forming a promotion strategy in social networks is proposed and a brief description of each stage is provided. There are two main approaches to bringing goods and services to the market: "push strategy" – this includes the use of violent methods to force consumers to buy products, through targeted advertising influence and activities aimed at stimulating sales through intermediary links; "pull strategy" – here the emphasis is on active advertising and promotion through mass media aimed directly at the end consumer. To achieve effective promotion of goods and services through social networks, it is recommended to develop a strategy together with specialists. The SMM plan is a detailed, sequential plan of actions aimed at achieving the desired result. The formation of the SMM strategy is a continuous process throughout the entire period of its operation. In addition, a strategy should also be developed for each individual campaign, which will harmoniously fit into the overall context. Targeting allows companies to customize ad parameters such as display platforms, time slots, locations, and even search engines. This is possible because users often search for certain keywords or phrases, and also provide the system with some of their personal characteristics. When developing a social media (SMM) strategy, it is best to consider the components that deliver content and social media advertising. If the task includes building the image of a socially responsible business, then the content should focus on the company's actions, emphasizing its efforts to treat employees with care and environmental choices. To improve the reputation of the brand, an important element of the SMM strategy will be reviews and thanks, as well as the presentation of new technologies that will make the product even more convenient and attractive to the audience. As an example, if the goal is to create an image of a modern and dynamic company, it is recommended to publish emotionally rich content on youth platforms such as TikTok and Instagram. For Facebook, attention should be focused on rational aspects, advantages and benefits of cooperation.

Empowering gene delivery with protein engineering platforms.

The repertoire of therapeutic proteins has been substantially augmented by molecular engineering approaches, which have seen remarkable advancement in recent years. In particular, advances in directed evolution technologies have empowered the development of custom-designed proteins with novel and disease-relevant functions. Whereas engineered proteins have typically been administered through systemic injection of the purified molecule, exciting progress in gene delivery affords the opportunity to elicit sustained production of the engineered proteins by targeted cells in the host organism. Combining developments at the leading edge of protein engineering and gene delivery has catapulted a new wave of molecular and cellular therapy approaches, which harbor great promise for personalized and precision medicine. This mini-review outlines currently used display platforms for protein evolution and describes recent examples of how the resulting engineered proteins have been incorporated into DNA- and cell-based therapeutic platforms, both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the strategies detailed herein provide a framework for synthesizing molecular engineering workflows with gene therapy systems for a breadth of applications in research and medicine.

Effect of display platforms on spatial knowledge acquisition and engagement: an evaluation with 3D geometry visualizations

Effect of display platforms on spatial knowledge acquisition and engagement: an evaluation with 3D geometry visualizations

Holo-imprinting polarization optics with a reflective liquid crystal hologram template

Liquid crystal polarization optics based on photoalignment technique has found pervasive applications in next-generation display platforms like virtual reality and augmented reality. Its large-scale fabrication, however, remains a big challenge due to the high demands in small feature size, fast processing speed, and defects-free alignment quality during the photoalignment process, especially for large-angle reflective devices. Here we propose a new concept of holo-imprinting based on non-contact replication of polarization pattern with a reflective liquid crystal hologram as a template. Our theoretical analysis and experimental results validate the possibility of generating a high-quality polarization pattern exploiting the self-interfering beams of reflective holograms. The method can be extended to numerous devices, from transmissive to reflective, from small angle to large angle, and from grating, lens, to freeform optics. Its widespread impact on the fabrication of liquid crystal polarization optics for advanced display and imaging systems is foreseeable.

Engineering Proteins by Combining Deep Mutational Scanning and Yeast Display.

Protein engineering using display platforms such as yeast display and phage display has allowed discovery of proteins with therapeutic and industrial applications. Antibodies and T cell receptors developed for therapeutic applications are often engineered by constructing libraries of mutations in loops of five to ten residues called complementarity determining regions that are in proximity to the antigen. In the past decade, deep mutational scanning has become a powerful tool in a protein engineer's toolbox, as it allows one to compare the impact of all 20 amino acids at each position, across the length of the protein. Thus, a single experiment can provide a sequence-activity landscape with information about hotspots or suboptimal binding sites in the original proteins. These residues or regions may be overlooked by engineering methods that are driven solely by structures or directed evolution of error-prone PCR libraries. Here, we describe experimental methods to engineer proteins by combining yeast display and deep mutational scanning mutagenesis, using T cell receptors as an example.

Cephalopod‐Inspired Design of Photomechanically Modulated Display Systems for On‐Demand Fluorescent Patterning (Adv. Mater. 4/2022)

Fluorescent Patterning In article number 2107452, Wei Lu, Tao Chen, and co-workers present a photomechanically modulated fluorescent system that enables on-demand display of fluorescent patterns under near-IR light light via photomechanical bending of a fluorescent actuator. This strategy is promising for fabricating on-demand fluorescent display platforms that combine a wide choice of fluorophores, remote control with high spatial/temporal precision, and single-input multiple-output features.

Cephalopod-Inspired Design of Photomechanically Modulated Display Systems for On-Demand Fluorescent Patterning.

Cephalopods can display variable body color/patterns upon environmental stimulation via bioelectricity-controlled muscle contraction/expansion of skin chromatophores. However, it remains challenging to produce artificial display analogs that exhibit reversible and rapid switching between multiple expected luminescent patterns, although such systems are very appealing for many practical uses (e.g., data encryption). Inspired by the bioelectromechanical display tactic of cephalopods, in this work, a conceptually new photomechanically modulated fluorescent system that enables on-demand display of fluorescent patterns via a cascading stimulation-mechanical movement-optical output conduction mechanism is presented. Specifically, this biomimetic system comprises a customizable hollow display panel and a bottom-tethered photothermally responsive fluorescent actuator. Under NIR light, the photomechanically bending movements of the fluorescent actuator will immediately cover the hollow window of the display panel and synchronously manifest as the display of fluorescent patterns. Owing to its desirable time- and light-power-dependent actuating behaviors, diverse fluorescent patterns/information can be dynamically and reversibly displayed by facilely controlling this single remote NIR signal. This bioinspired strategy is universal and promising for fabricating on-demand fluorescent display platforms that combine a wide choice of fluorophores, remote control with high spatial/temporal precision, and especially single-input multiple-output features.

High-Resolution Colloidal Quantum Dot Film Photolithography via Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO.

High-resolution patterning of quantum dot (QD) films is one of the preconditions for the practical use of QD-based emissive display platforms. Recently, inkjet printing and transfer printing have been actively developed; however, high-resolution patterning is still limited owing to nozzle-clogging issues and coffee ring effects during the inkjet printing and kinetic parameters such as pickup and peeling speed during the transfer process. Consequently, employing direct optical lithography would be highly beneficial owing to its well-established process in the semiconductor industry; however, exposing the photoresist (PR) on top of the QD film deteriorates the QD film underneath. This is because a majority of the solvents for PR easily dissolve the pre-existing QD films. In this study, we present a conventional optical lithography process to obtain solvent resistance by reacting the QD film surface with diethylzinc (DEZ) precursors using atomic layer deposition. It was confirmed that, by reacting the QD surface with DEZ and coating PR directly on top of the QD film, a typical photolithography process can be performed to generate a red/green/blue pixel of 3000 ppi or more. QD electroluminescence devices were fabricated with all primary colors of QDs; moreover, compared to reference QD-LED devices, the patterned QD-LED devices exhibited enhanced brightness and efficiency.

A novel and effective approach to generate germline-like monoclonal antibodies by integration of phage and mammalian cell display platforms

Phage display technology allows for rapid selection of antibodies from the large repertoire of human antibody fragments displayed on phages. However, antibody fragments should be converted to IgG for biological characterizations and affinity of antibodies obtained from phage display library is frequently not sufficient for efficient use in clinical settings. Here, we describe a new approach that combines phage and mammalian cell display, enabling simultaneous affinity screening of full-length IgG antibodies. Using this strategy, we successfully obtained a novel germline-like anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody named m101, which was revealed to be a potent anti-TIM-3 therapeutic monoclonal antibody via in vitro and in vivo experiments, indicating its effectiveness and power. Thus, this platform can help develop new monoclonal antibody therapeutics with high affinity and low immunogenicity.

Novel expression of coat proteins from thermophilic bacteriophage ΦIN93 and evaluation for assembly into virus-like particles

Virus-like particles (VLPs) have the potential to be used as display platforms to develop vaccines against infectious and non-infectious agents. However, most VLPs used as vaccine display platforms are derived from viruses that infect humans; unfortunately, most humans already have pre-existing antibodies against these platforms and thus, the immunogenicity of these vaccines may be compromised. VLP platforms derived from viruses that infect bacteria (bacteriophages), especially bacteriophages that infect bacteria, which do not colonize humans are less likely to have pre-existing antibodies against the platforms in the human population. In this study, we assessed whether two putative coat proteins (ORF13 and ORF14) derived from a thermophilic bacteriophage (ΦIN93) can be expressed and purified from a mesophilic bacterium such as E. coli. We also assessed whether expressed coat proteins can assemble to form VLPs. Truncated versions of ORF13 and ORF14 were successfully co-expressed in bacteria; the co-expressed truncated proteins formed oval structures that look like VLPs, but their sizes were less than those of an authentic ΦIN93 virus.

Engineered Sortases in Peptide and Protein Chemistry.

The transpeptidase sortase A of Staphylococcus aureus (Sa‐SrtA) is a valuable tool in protein chemistry. The native enzyme anchors surface proteins containing a highly conserved LPxTG sorting motif to a terminal glycine residue of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram‐positive bacteria. This reaction is exploited for sortase‐mediated ligation (SML), allowing the site‐specific linkage of synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins by a native peptide bond. However, the moderate catalytic efficiency and specificity of Sa‐SrtA fueled the development of new biocatalysts for SML, including the screening of sortase A variants form microorganisms other than S. aureus and the directed protein evolution of the Sa‐SrtA enzyme itself. Novel display platforms and screening formats were developed to isolate sortases with altered properties from mutant libraries. This yielded sortases with strongly enhanced catalytic activity and enzymes recognizing new sorting motifs as substrates. This minireview focuses on recent advances in the field of directed sortase evolution and applications of these tailor‐made enzymes in biochemistry.

Human skin is colonized by T cells that recognize CD1a independently of lipid.

CD1a-autoreactive T cells contribute to skin disease, but the identity of immunodominant self-lipid antigens and their mode of recognition are not yet solved. In most models, MHC and CD1 proteins serve as display platforms for smaller antigens. Here, we showed that CD1a tetramers without added antigen stained large T cell pools in every subject tested, accounting for approximately 1% of skin T cells. The mechanism of tetramer binding to T cells did not require any defined antigen. Binding occurred with approximately 100 lipid ligands carried by CD1a proteins, but could be tuned upward or downward with certain natural self-lipids. TCR recognition mapped to the outer A' roof of CD1a at sites remote from the antigen exit portal, explaining how TCRs can bind CD1a rather than carried lipids. Thus, a major antigenic target of CD1a T cell autoreactivity in vivo is CD1a itself. Based on their high frequency and prevalence among donors, we conclude that CD1a-specific, lipid-independent T cells are a normal component of the human skin T cell repertoire. Bypassing the need to select antigens and effector molecules, CD1a tetramers represent a simple method to track such CD1a-specific T cells from tissues and in any clinical disease.

The Psychometrics of Cybersickness in Augmented Reality

Augmented reality (AR) is rapidly being adopted by industry leaders and militaries around the globe. With the Defense Health Agency pushing AR as a solution to the distributed learning problem, along with AR applications being explored within primary care and operational medical settings, it is crucial for these immersive platforms to have a standardized, scientifically based paradigm on which they are designed and used. One area of particular concern is the potential for physiological maladaptation following prolonged AR exposure, which is expected to vary from that associated with virtual reality exposure. Such maladaptation is potentially driven by limitations that exist with regard to the types and extent of perceptual issues characteristic of AR head-worn displays (e.g., mismatches between visually displayed information and other senses, restricted field of view, mismatched interpupillary distance). Associated perceptual limitations can reduce training effectiveness or impose patient and/or trainee safety concerns. Thus, while AR technology has the potential to advance simulation training, there is a need to approach AR-based research—particularly that which relates to long-exposure-duration scenarios—from a bottom-up perspective, where its physiological impact is more fully understood. In the hopes of assisting this process, this study presents a comparison of cybersickness between two common forms of AR displays. Specifically, by comparing the Microsoft HoloLens, a head-worn display that has seen rapid adoption by the scientific community, with an AR Tablet–based platform within the context of long-duration AR training exposure, it will be possible to determine what differences, if any, exist between the two display platforms in terms of their physiological impact as measured via cybersickness severity and symptom profile. Results from this psychometric assessment will be used to evaluate the physiological impact of AR exposure and develop usage protocols to ensure AR is safe and effective to use for military medical training.

Processing DNA-Based Molecular Signals into Graphical Displays.

DNA is now well-established as a nanoscale building material with applications in fields such as biosensing and molecular computation. Molecular processes such as logic gates, nucleic acid circuits, and multiplexed detection have used different readout strategies to measure the output signal. In biosensing, this output can be the diagnosis of a disease biomarker, whereas in molecular computation, the output can be the result of a mathematical operation carried out using DNA. Recent developments have shown that the output of such processes can be displayed graphically as a macroscopic symbol or an alphanumeric character on multiwell plates, microarray chips, gels, lateral flow devices, and DNA origami surfaces. This review discusses the concepts behind such graphical readouts of molecular events, available display platforms, and the advantages and challenges in adapting such methods for practical use. Graphical display systems have the potential to be used in the creation of intelligent computing and sensing devices by which nanoscale binding events are translated into macroscopic visual readouts.