Color Display Research Articles

Intelligent Screening of Prostate Cancer Individuals Using an Enzyme-Assisted Multicolor Visualization Platform.

Rapid and intelligent identification of prostate cancer (PCa) is critical for early diagnosis. Herein, a convenient, reliable, and intelligent strategy is proposed to screen PCa individuals through indirectly quantifying sarcosine (Sar), an early indicator of PCa, in clinical urine samples. Success is achieved by integrating sarcosine oxidase (SOX) as a specific recognition unit; nanozyme-assisted multicolor intelligent visualization platform as a signal reporter. With the Fe-MOFs and peroxidase, the synergetic action of SOX and response gold nanorods (Au NRs) is controlled etched to exhibit a multicolored signal. The sensor exhibits excellent linearity with Sar within 1-60 × 10-6 m, boasting a remarkable detection limit of 0.12 × 10-6 m. The RGB value of the display color can be directly extracted using a mobile phone camera. PCa diagnosis can be swiftly made (within 15 min) and directly by identifying two RGB colors (R < 175 or B > 135). The enzyme-assisted multicolor intelligent visualization platform is adept at detecting minute differences in Sar concentration in urine samples between PCa patients and healthy individuals. The concept of enzyme-assisted multicolor sensing can be further expanded by modifying the type of immobilized enzymes, providing a valuable guideline for the rational design of multiple probes to measure specific biomarkers in biological samples.

Multicolor luminescence and high efficient optical thermometric performance of Eu3+ and Sm3+ in self-activated Na2LuMg2V3O12 garnet

To develop efficient luminescence and optical thermometry materials for color display and non-contact temperature measurement, novel RE3+ (RE = Eu, Sm) doped self-activated Na2LuMg2V3O12 phosphors were prepared by a typical solid-state reaction method. Their crystal structure, morphology, multi-color luminescence and temperature sensing properties were elaborately investigated. Under UV light excitation, an intense and broad green-yellow emission band from VO43– group is observed in the Na2LuMg2V3O12 matrix, indicating its potential application in solid state lighting. After the incorporation of Eu3+ and Sm3+ ions, efficient energy transfer (ET) from VO43– group to Eu3+/Sm3+ ions occurs and the emission color of the samples can be readily tuned among different color ranges. Besides, based on the change of luminescence intensity and lifetimes of VO43– group in Na2LuMg2V3O12:Eu3+ and Na2LuMg2V3O12:Sm3+, the ET efficiency was analyzed and the mechanism is illustrated. Finally, large discrepancy between the thermal stability of VO43– group and Eu3+/Sm3+ ions are observed in the temperature-dependent emission spectra of Na2LuMg2V3O12:Eu3+ and Na2LuMg2V3O12:Sm3+. By taking advantage of the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) between VO43– group and Eu3+/Sm3+ ions in Na2LuMg2V3O12:0.01Eu3+ and Na2LuMg2V3O12:0.07Sm3+, two new types of optical thermometry mediums were designed and their basic temperature sensing parameters were calculated.

Recent Advances in Transfer Printing of Colloidal Quantum Dots for High-Resolution Full Color Displays

Recent Advances in Transfer Printing of Colloidal Quantum Dots for High-Resolution Full Color Displays

A Modification of Fenestration Technique (MOFT) to Increase Vestibular Depth: A Case Series.

The most prevalent mucogingival issues include insufficient gingival width, decreased vestibular depth, abnormal frenal attachment, gingival recession, pockets that reach the mucogingival junction, excess gingival, inconsistent gingival margin, excessive gingival display and abnormal gingival colour. Numerous periodontal plastic operations have been used to treat these issues. However, each approach has its own drawbacks and is technique-dependent. Adequate depth of vestibule is necessary to maintain good oral health as shallow vestibule leads to accumulation of food and thus impedes oral hygiene maintenance. This case series describes a vestibular deepening procedure performed using modification of periosteal fenestration technique. This technique includes a series of eight cases of shallow vestibule where vestibular deepening was conducted by giving a full-thickness incision to expose the periosteum and create a window of fenestration followed by suturing the labial mucosa to the periosteum at the apical level. The results reported an excellent post-operative outcome showing increased depth of the vestibule.

Inserting colloidal quantum dots into GaN mesa-array subsurface porous structures through electrochemical etching for display color conversion application

High-efficiency photon color conversion is an approach of great potential for implementing color display. Inspired by the observation of emission enhancement in a nanoscale cavity, a novel technique to fabricate an array of color converter by mixing colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with the electrolyte of an electrochemical etching (ECE) process is demonstrated. In this process, QDs flow with the electrolyte into the etched subsurface nanoscale porous structure (PS) and settle inside. Since the PS formation and hence QD insertion are controlled by the flow path of the applied electric current in the ECE process, this technique can be used for fabricating any graphic pattern. The nanostructure of such a QD-inserted mesa is examined to confirm QD insertion. Although only single-color mesa arrays are demonstrated in this paper, this technique can be used for fabricating a multiple-color mesa array if a QD or a light-emitting nanoparticle of higher thermal stability is available.

PSVII-21 Impact of low voltage electrical stimulation applied to longissimus thoracis et lumborum and semitendinosus on meat quality and palatability

Abstract Low voltage electrical stimulation (LVES, 20-120V) is safer and more cost-effective than high voltage electrical stimulation (HVES). Despite some studies showing positive effects of LVES on meat quality, no studies have evaluated the effects of LVES on meat flavor profile. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of LVES applied directly to the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles on meat quality and flavor profile. Steers [n = 32; 689.2 ± 29.66 kg body weight (BW)] were used. After carcass splitting and randomizing by carcass side, the LTL and ST of one carcass side were stimulated individually with 45 VRMS at 49.83 ± 2.32 min post-mortem using a commercial stimulator. The other carcass side remained unstimulated. The LTL and ST pH were measured at 45 min, 3 h, 3 d and 6 d. At 3 d post-mortem, LT objective color (Minolta L*, a*, b*, hue, chroma) was measured and one steak from LT and ST were collected for cooking losses and shear force analyses. The remaining muscle was weighed, vacuum-packaged, aged until 6 d post-mortem and, subsequently, unpackaged and re-weighed to calculate purge losses. One steak from each muscle was placed in a retail display and objective color at 0 and 4 d (6 and 10 d post-mortem) and drip losses were assessed. Cooking losses and shear force of 6- and 12-d aged steaks from each muscle were measured. Trained panelists evaluated sensory attributes of frozen-thawed 6-d aged longissimus lumborum (LL) and ST steaks. There were stimulation × ageing time interactions for pH in both muscles, as LVES reduced the pH at 3 h but did not affect pH at 3 and 6 d post-mortem (P &amp;lt; 0.001 Figure 1). The LVES did not significantly affect the LT color values at 3 d post-mortem (P &amp;gt; 0.05) or in retail display (P &amp;gt; 0.1, Table 1). In the ST, however, there were stimulation × ageing time interactions for a*, b* and chroma measured in retail display, with stimulation increasing all these values at 0 d, whereas there was no effect on a* and chroma and a lesser increase in b* after 4 d (P &amp;lt; 0.001, Table 1). Regardless of ageing time, LVES increased ST L* (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and hue (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in retail display (Table 1). The LVES did not affect LT and ST drip losses (P &amp;gt; 0.1, Table 1), shear force, descriptive sensory attributes and LT purge losses (P &amp;gt; 0.1), but increased ST purge losses (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The LVES increased burnt aroma (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and umami (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and salty (P = 0.075) tastes and decreased bitter taste (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and green-hay flavor (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in the LL, but did not affect ST flavor (P &amp;gt; 0.1; Table 2). Overall, LVES had muscle-specific effects with improvements in ST retail color and LL flavor profile.

Effects of color-flavor association on visual search process for reference pictures on beverage packaging: behavioral, electrophysiological, and causal mechanisms.

The visual search for product packaging involves intricate cognitive processes that are prominently impacted by learned associations derived from extensive long-term experiences. The present research employed EEG technology and manipulated the color display of reference pictures on beverage bottles to explore the underlying neurocognitive pathways. Specifically, we aimed to investigate the influence of color-flavor association strength on the visual processing of such stimuli as well as the in-depth neural mechanisms. The behavioral results revealed that stimuli with strong association strength triggered the fastest response and the highest accuracy, compared with the stimuli with weak association strength and the achromatic ones. The EEG findings further substantiated that the chromatic stimuli evoked a more pronounced N2 component than achromatic ones, and the stimuli with strong association strength elicited larger P3 and smaller N400 amplitudes than the ones with weak association strength. Additionally, the source localization using sLORETA showed significant activations in the inferior temporal gyrus. In conclusion, our research suggests that (1) color expectations would guide visual search process and trigger faster responses to congruent visual stimuli, (2) both the initial perceptual representation and subsequent semantic representation play pivotal roles in effective visual search for the targets, and (3) the color-flavor association strength potentially exerts an impact on visual processing by modulating memory accessibility.

The description of the first rock-dwelling species of butterfly lizard Leiolepis Cuvier, 1829 (Squamata, Agamidae) from the Khorat Plateau in northeastern Thailand.

A new species of rock-dwelling Leiolepis is described from the Khorat Plateau in northeastern Thailand. Leiolepisglaurung sp. nov. can be differentiated from all other sexual species of Leiolepis by a combination of having a black gular region with a wide medial yellow stripe, a yellow ventrum with black mottling, bright red to orange subcaudal coloration, having reduced to no expandable flanks, and having only one black transverse bar on the flanks. This is the first rocky habitat-adapted Leiolepis. Leiolepisglaurung sp. nov. demonstrates numerous ecological adaptations to survive in these rocky habitats. Leiolepis are known for their expandable flanks with bright display colors, however Leiolepisglaurung sp. nov. has reduced or no ability to expand its flanks. We hypothesize this is an adaptation to reduce their body diameter to better fit into smaller rocky burrows unlike the larger and deeper burrows constructed in looser soils by other Leiolepis species. This discovery increases the number of Leiolepis species in Thailand to six, and worldwide to 11.

Multifunctional Ti3C2Tx-based epoxy composite coating towards intelligent response and corrosion/wear resistance

Questions remain about the unreasonable collocation of Ti3C2Tx and nanocontainers resulting in the performance degradation of multi-function Ti3C2Tx-based epoxy composite coating. Here, mesoporous SiO2 nanocontainers (SNT) containing both potassium thiocyanate and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were loaded on MXene-based platform (SNT-on-MP) to achieve a novel epoxy coating (SNT-on-MP@EP) with the integrated functions of self-warning, self-healing, anti-corrosion and anti-wear. In the damaged area, the thiocyanate groups combined with Fe3+ ions to form a blood-red color display, and the formed coordination compound and CTAB as corrosion inhibitors were deposited on the metal substrate, thus showing intelligent response function. Besides, because of passive and active synergistic protection functions, the lowest-frequency impedance value of SNT-on-MP@EP maintained 5.74 × 107 Ω·cm2 after 4 weeks of exposure in salt water environment, which was increased by two orders of magnitude compared with pure epoxy coating. Under the reciprocating sliding friction, the wear rate of SNT-on-MP@EP reached 5.32 × 10−5 mm3/N·m, and was reduced by 58.29 %, owing to the formation of lubricant film at the friction interface and the enhancement of the deformation resistance of the coating. The reasonable collocation of SNT and Ti3C2Tx-based platform eliminated the problem of weak interaction between traditional inorganic nanocontainer and water-based epoxy coating, thus giving full play to the advantages of both.

Regulation of Brightness Attributes of High-Stability Carbon Quantum Dots Applicable in LED Digital Color Display.

Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) attract much attention due to high stability and low toxicity. For high brightness, multi-color emission and fluorescence stability, polystyrene (PS)/CDs composite films were prepared. First, three types of CDs and three PS/CDs films were prepared. Then, three light-emitting-diode (LED) devices were achieved. Compared to CDs solutions, CDs filled films show almost unchanged photoluminescence (PL) spectra. PL peaks of blue, green and red films appear at 462nm, 544nm and 603nm, separately. Blue CDs lead to highest photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 76% (solution) and 49% (film). A certain level of thermal stability and fluorescent reversibility of blue film were verified. After 60 days of air exposure, PL intensities of blue and green films reach 97% and 93% of original values, separately. Improving work time cannot vary PL wavelengths of devices. For blue-emitted device, PL intensity reaches 55% of original value after working for 600min. For green-emitted device, PL intensity reaches 80% after working for 300min. The novelty is effective PS encapsulation and uniform dispersion of CDs to yield favorable fluorescence properties of devices. This work inspires ideas for large-scale preparation of fluorescent films for LED digital color display.

Durable and programmable ultrafast nanophotonic matrix of spectral pixels.

Locally addressable nanophotonic devices are essential for modern applications such as light detection, optical imaging, beam steering and displays. Despite recent advances, a versatile solution with a high-speed tuning rate, long-life durability and programmability across multiple pixels remains elusive. Here we introduce a programmable nanophotonic matrix consisting of vanadium dioxide (VO2) cavities on pixelated microheaters that meets all these requirements. The indirect Joule heating of these VO2 cavities can result in pronounced spectral modulation with colour changes and ensures exceptional endurance even after a million switching cycles. Precise control over the thermal dissipation power through a SiO2 layer of an optimized thickness on Si facilitates an ultrafast modulation rate exceeding 70 kHz. We demonstrated a video-rate nanophotonic colour display by electrically addressing a matrix of 12 × 12 pixels. Furthermore, inspired by the unique pixel-level programmability with multiple intermediate states of the spectral pixels, a spatiotemporal modulation concept is introduced for spectrum detection.

Bio-inspired colorful selective solar absorber

Solar energy is widespread and easily accessible which make it the most promising renewable energy to solve energy crisis. As the ubiquitous distribution of selective solar absorbers (SSAs) employed in architecture and street, their substantially contributions to mitigate environment pollution and facilitate daily energy consumption are important; however, its implementation has been largely limited to poor color display and unideal cost-efficiency. Here, we develop a bio-inspired selective solar absorber (Bio-SSA) for use as an aesthetic compatible photothermal convector based on SiO2/W/SiO2/Cu resonant absorption cavity and two-dimension photonic crystal (PC), in which the solar absorption and infrared (IR) emissivity are 81.1 % and 0.17 with 7 different color display all in one. The calculated theoretically saving of year-round electricity energy up to maximum 1598 KWh when implemented in high altitude regions in China. Such Bio-SSA enjoys low-cost and simple configuration can further been utilized in large-scale and path a new way for architecture integratable solar energy system.

Multi-mode up-conversion emission of Tm@Yb@Er phosphors for color modulation and thermometry

Rare earth doped up-conversion materials play an important role in information security, colorful display and temperature sensing. In this work, the up-conversion luminescence of NaYF4:0.2Tm/20Yb@NaYF4:20Yb@NaYF4:2Er/20Yb phosphors, synthesized by typical co-precipitation method, are investigated under different excitation condition. The emission color of sample can be tuned from yellow to blue-green through changing pump laser from 1550 to 980 nm because the Tm3+ ions in the core cannot be excited by 1550 nm laser. More interesting, the value of red-to-green (R/G) and blue-to-green (B/G) can be finely manipulated by tuning the excitation pulse width and frequency. This phenomenon can be interpreted by different rising processes of the green, red and blue up-conversion emission. In addition, the core-shell structured sample displays a temperature-dependent color change, ranging from blue-green to purple. The green emissions, radiated from thermal coupled levels (2H11/24S3/2), are used in thermometry and the max relatively sensing sensitivity reaches 0.01 K−1 at 303 K. The findings indicate that the core-shell Tm@Yb@Er phosphors, with excitation-dependent and temperature-dependent up-conversion luminescence, have potential applications in information security and temperature sensing.

Multifunctional daytime radiative cooler resistant to UV aging

Passive radiative cooling presents a promising approach to mitigate global warming and reduce energy consumption. Existing coolers, however, face challenges in practical prolonged adoption due to their unappealing design, susceptibility to environmental pollutants, as well as degradation of polymers by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation from sunlight. This study introduces a multifunctional daytime radiative cooler (MDRC) with a dual-layered structure, combining practical functionality with aesthetic value. Its base layer consists of an Ag–TiO2–Ag thin film stack, imparting vibrant cyan, magenta, and yellow colors, even maintaining visually appealing from various incident angles, up to 75°, to ensure consistent color display. The top layer, comprising S–SiO2 nanospheres with UV resistance rather than polymers, not only forms a superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle of 155.502°, enhancing the self-cleaning capability of the MDRC against contamination and dust, but also renders the MDRC with extraordinary anti-aging capacity. Outdoor experiments has shown that the MDRC maintains operation at temperatures above ambient under direct solar irradiation, achieving a substantial temperature reduction of 6.82 °C compared to the same colored commercial coating. After three months of outdoor exposure, the MDRC demonstrated minimal degradation in performance, with decreases of only 0.29 °C during the day and 0.12 °C at night, underscoring its superior UV-resistant aging properties. This MDRC represents a robust solution for diverse durable outdoor raidative cooling applications, advancing toward real-world utilization.

Active Full‐Color Generation Based on a Liquid Crystal‐Integrated Plasmonic Metasurface

Structural colors based on metasurfaces outperform traditional pigments and dyes in terms of nonfading, high spatial resolution, and high stability, usually incorporating active materials for tunability. Liquid crystals (LCs) are suitable for tunable structural color design due to their large birefringence and fast modulation by external stimuli. However, most LC‐integrated structural colors focus on tailoring the polarization angle of incident light to generate two colors and their mixing. Herein, a scheme of full‐color generation based on a plasmonic metasurface integrated with LCs utilizing the combination of the polarization angle rotation effect of the twisted‐nematic LCs and the refractive index modulation through the realignment of the LCs near the metasurface is demonstrated. Based on the proposed structural color method, full‐color generation of a record color gamut of 60.7% standard Red Green Blue region, equivalent to 43% National Television Standards Committee area, in the LC‐integrated metasurface, has been numerically realized by tuning the bias voltage of the LCs in reflection. The achieved color gamut is nearly 4 times wider than the previously reported result. The proposed active full‐color generation metasurface shows great potential in applications for low‐power reflective color display, anticounterfeiting, and optical encoding.

Bi-Directional Full-Color Generation and Tri-Channel Information Encoding Based on a Plasmonic Metasurface.

Dynamic optical structural color is always desired in various display applications and usually involves active materials. Full-color generation, especially bi-directional full-color generation in both reflective and transmissive modes, without any active materials included, has rarely been investigated. Herein, we demonstrate a scheme of bi-directional full-color generation based on a plasmonic metasurface modulated by the rotation of the polarization angle of the incident light without varying the geometry and the optical properties of the materials and the environment where the metasurface resides. The metasurface unit cell consists of plasmonic modules aligning in three directions and is patterned in a square array. The metasurface structural color device is numerically confirmed to generate full colors in both reflection and transmission. Based on the proposed polarization-dependent structural color, the information encoding process is demonstrated for three multiplexed animal images and quick-responsive (QR) codes to verify the efficient information encoding and decoding of the proposed scheme. In the simulation, the animals can be seen under different polarization incidences, and the QR codes can be successfully decoded by the polarization rotation in transmission. The proposed bi-directional full-color generation metasurface has great potential in applications such as kaleidoscope generation, anti-counterfeiting, dynamic color display, and optical information encoding.

PH-Responsive, Wide Color Gamut Dynamic Color Display Enabled by PDMAEMA Brush-Based Fabry-Perot Resonant Cavity.

Dynamic color-changing materials have attracted broad interest due to their widespread applications in visual sensing, dynamic color display, anticounterfeiting, and image encryption/decryption. In this work, we demonstrate a novel pH-responsive dynamic color-changing material based on a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity with a pH-responsive poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brush layer as the responsive insulating layer. The pH-responsive PDMAEMA brush undergoes protonation at a low pH value (pH < 6), which induces different swelling degrees in response to pH and thus refractive index and thickness change of the insulator layer of the MIM FP cavity. This leads to significant optical property changes in transmission and a distinguishable color change spanning the whole visible region by adjusting the pH value of the external environment. Due to the reversible conformational change of the PDMAEMA and the formation of covalent bonds between the PDMAEMA molecular chain and the Ag substrate, the MIM FP cavity exhibits stable performance and good reproducibility. This pH-responsive MIM FP cavity establishes a new way to modulate transmission color in the full visible region and exhibits a broad prospect of applications in dynamic color display, real-time environment monitoring, and information encryption and decryption.

A Colored Temperature‐Adaptive Cloak for Year‐Round Building Energy Saving

AbstractAchieving year‐round energy savings in buildings holds great significance toward reaching carbon neutrality and sustainability. Switchable thermal‐management materials offer an energy‐free solution to dynamically regulating internal building temperatures, by passively emitting heat into cold outer space in summer, and absorbing heat from hot sunlight in winter. In addition to dynamic thermal regulation, color display is another pursuit for addressing aesthetic considerations; however, most current dynamically switchable materials lack color options, due to an optical conflict between adaptive solar reflection and selective visible absorption, limiting their wide adoption in aesthetic scenarios such as commercial exterior walls. Herein, a colored temperature‐adaptive cloak (CTAC) that achieves dynamically switchable thermal management in an energy‐neutral way without sacrificing year‐round vibrant color display is reported. This is realized by decoupling solar reflectivity modulation and color display through the choice of two individual constituent components, including thermochromic microcapsules, and fluorescent dyes. Moreover, compared to single‐mode samples with similar colors, the CTAC with dual modes stays 5.6–3.4 °C warmer during cold winter and 14.9–7.9 °C cooler during hot summer (peak solar irradiance: ≈735 and 1030 W m−2, respectively), exhibiting a remarkable potential to achieve year‐round building energy savings.

FPGA-based control system for real-time driving of UHD Micro-LED display with color calibration

Micro-LED technology offers numerous advantages, including high brightness, low power consumption, and superior color performance. However, driving micro LED displays requires complex control algorithms and high-speed data processing. To address these challenges, this paper presents the development of a real-time FPGA-based control system for a 68-inch 4K/60Hz micro-LED display. The objective of this project was to create a high-performance control system capable of driving the micro-LED display with precise color accuracy, supporting 10-bit color depth for enhanced color rendition. One crucial aspect of the system is color calibration, which ensures accurate color reproduction across the display, maintaining consistent and vibrant colors. By incorporating advanced color calibration techniques, the system achieves excellent color consistency and fidelity, providing a visually stunning viewing experience. Moreover, the system incorporates hot plug functionality, allowing for seamless reconnection of the display after Ethernet disconnection. This feature ensures uninterrupted operation and enhances user experience. In FPGA design, the proposed system demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of real-time control in driving micro-LED displays, offering improved color performance and reliable operation in various applications.

All-in-one flexible paper-based self-powered energy and display system employing complementary properties of printed PEDOT:PSS/PANI:PSS dual-electrode with a dual-sided triboelectric nanogenerator

A Self-powered energy and display system (SPEDS) has been developed by integrating functionalities of energy harvesting, storage, and multicolor display, heralding innovative solutions for integrated electronic devices. An all-in-one multi-information SPEDS is proposed through incorporating a multicolor electrochromic supercapacitor device (ESCD) with a dual-sided triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), all screen-printed on a paper substrate. The synergistic enhancement in the conductive, capacitive, and electrochromic performance is realized by exploiting the complementary properties of PEDOT:PSS/PANI:PSS to form a simplified structure of ESCD, in which the electrode and electrochromic layers are integrated into one shared layer, resulting in a wide color gamut and an enhanced capacitive performance of 3.4 mF/cm². Electrochromic electrodes having identical composition exhibit independent color changes at the anode and cathode, thereby featuring a combined color display indicating multi energy-related information. Moreover, the conductive layer fabricated through patterned printing on the paper substrate, serves as both the electrode layer for TENG and the interconnect circuitry with the prepared ESCD. Furthermore, a double-sided TENG was realized by exploiting the triboelectric properties of the paper substrate and then a self-powered energy display wristband was constructed, exemplifying a novelty application utilizing the multi-information indicator properties for energy display derived from the dual-sided friction power generation.