Displacement Of Women Research Articles

The Potter’s Wheel in the Chilean Central Valley: A Long-Term and Contextual Perspective on Technological Change

In this article the social and technological dynamics detected in the transition from hand-made pottery to wheel-thrown ware in a modern context is considered. The many different sources supplemented by fieldwork provide a long-term perspective and a depiction of its present consequences. It is specifically explained, how an indigenous, hand-made, domestic and female pottery-production system has turned into an essentially male, wheel-thrown and workshop activity. After a series of significant events, the Indian village of Pomaire gained a reputation as a potter’s village. The several changes underwent by its population as regards to pottery production makes it an interesting example to analyse the origin and development of a process of technological change which ended up with the displacement of women from pottery-making and the introduction of the means for mechanised production during the 1980s. Thus, the social and technical transformations which have taken place since colonial times (beginning of the 16th century), for the potters of Pomaire are explained, enlarged on their history in order to contribute to a general reflection.

ENGINEERING WEB-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR MANAGEMENT OF WOMEN AND CHILD PROBLEM HANDLING ACTIVITIES

The problem of violence against women and children, viewed from an individual as well as a social perspective, can have multiple effects. The effects such as psychological and individual health and the quality of public health. Women and children in everyday life often receive unpleasant treatment from close people and strangers. The constraints experienced are that often the two affairs are combined and handled by one sector, the number of officers is less than the cases handled, there is not enough budget to carry out follow-up actions and many residents do not want to disclose their problems directly to the authorities. There are many problems for women and children, so a Force for Handling Women and Children Problems (Satgas PPA), both at the central and regional levels. The activities of the PPA Task Force include: outreach, identification of conditions and services needed, protection of women and children at the scene (emergency assistance), placement and displacement of women and children who experience problems and referrals and / or recommendations. The research objective was to produce a management system for handling women and children activities in the village of Katekan, Gantiwarno, Klaten. The research method used consists of literature study, data collection and system development with the Waterfall method. The result of this research is a system capable of managing the activities of the task force handling women and children that can provide information in all variations to help make decisions. This system is built using PHP programming and MySQL DBMS.

Factors enabling the participation of women in income sharing among banana (musa spp.) producing households in South Imenti, Meru County, Kenya

The growing demand for banana coupled with the introduction of better planting material in the last decade has led to increased area under banana production and commercialization. Just like most subsistence crops, banana production has been female dominated and controlled. However, commercialization has led to a dynamic shift in production with more men taking up active roles in the value chain. This has led to the displacement of women from the high value chain with men taking up dominant roles. The main objective of this paper was to determine factors that favor the participation of women in sharing of banana income. Data collection was done in March 2017 from 160 households in South Imenti, Meru County, Kenya. A systematic sampling technique was used to draw the respondents. Qualitative data was acquired through the use of key informant interviews and focus group discussions. A fractional logit model was used to determine the effects of independent variables on the participation of women in income sharing. Findings from the regression analysis indicate that the presence of off-farm income within the household increases the probability of a woman taking part in household decision-making.

Impact of Gender Equality on Socio-Economic Development of Kazakhstan

Achieving gender equality in the 21st Century is one of the global priorities of every state. The Republic of Kazakhstan on its way of development also focuses on this problem, because gender equality is the basis for the economic and social development of the state. International organisations prepare reports reflecting indices (gender gap index, gender inequality index, gender development index and others) which characterise the state of equality between men and women in different countries. It was established that Kazakhstan had practically reached gender equality at the stage of education. Even the first steps towards market reforms showed the unequal impact of the socio-economic transformation on the position of men and women in society. The transition to the market was followed, on the one hand, by the curtailment of social programmes and the social sphere, and on the other hand, by an increase of labour force requirements. Under these conditions, women, who traditionally bear family care, were more disadvantaged than men, both in the family and in the workplace. Democratic reforms in the post-Soviet societies created the conditions for more active participation of women in the political and economic life of the country, securing them more rights and freedoms, yet there has been a sharp deterioration in the status of women, an increase of female unemployment, the feminisation of poverty, the displacement of women in the informal economy and increase of domestic labour. Determined that the Gender Gap Index affects the gross domestic product per capita which is one of the indicators characterising the economic condition of the state. The greater the gender gap index is, the smaller is the inequality between the sexes and the higher GDP per capita is. The article presents a correlation-regression analysis which characterises the interrelation of gender equality indicators with economic indicators.

The Nomadic Nenets dwelling “Mya”: the symbolism of a woman’s role and space in a changing tundra

The official policy of the Soviet state toward nomadic populations was to change their way of life by implementation of enforced collective property (on reindeer), boarding school education, and the displacement of nomadic women to settlements. This policy, however, never totally succeeded in all the Nenets areas and among all groups; many Nenets people remain living in a nomadic community. Today, globalization in the form of modern technologies, industrial development, exploration of underground resources and climate changes are affecting the lives of the Nenets. This article draws from several ethnographic fieldwork surveys of nomadic Nenets families conducted between 2015-2017, within the area of the arctic tundra and among the Forest Nenets of Northern Russia. The author’s aim is to address one aspect of Nenets’s life impacted by modern globalization: their dwelling space. Their traditional dwelling, the “Mya” has been only marginally changed and is still in use in almost all the areas in which Nenets families and communities can be found. Can it be that the displacement of women, originally caused by official Soviet state policy, has also affected the sacred symbolism of the traditional Mya?

Genetic Diversity and Differentiation in Urban and Indigenous Populations of Mexico: Patterns of Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Lineages

Aside from the admixture between indigenous people and people from overseas, populations in Mexico changed drastically after the Spanish conquest of the sixteenth century, forming an intricate history that has been underutilized in understanding the genetic population structure of Mexicans. To infer historical processes of isolation, dispersal, and assimilation, we examined the phylogeography of mitochondrial (mt) DNA and Y-chromosome lineages in 3,026 individuals from 10 urban and nine indigenous populations by identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms. A geographic array with a predominance of Amerindian lineages was observed for mtDNA, with northern indigenous populations being divergent from the central and southern indigenous populations; urban populations showed low differentiation with isolation by distance. Y-chromosome variation distinguished urban and indigenous populations through the Amerindian haplogroup Q frequency. The MtDNA and the Y-chromosome together primarily distinguished urban and indigenous populations, with different geographic arrays for both. Gene flow across geographical distance and between the urban and indigenous realms appears to have altered the pre-Hispanic phylogeography in central and southern Mexico, mainly by displacement of women, while maintaining the indigenous isolation in the north, southeast, and Zapotec regions. Most Amerindian mtDNA diversity currently occurs in urban populations and appears to be reduced among indigenous people.

Regional Ombudsmen, Human Rights and Women – Gender Aspects of the Social and Legal Transformation in North-West Russia (Based on Ombudsman Reports)

In the center of the article is the new regional ombudsman institution in Russia and its activities vis-à-vis the protection of women’s rights. The article seeks to analyze how complaints filed by women are presented and how the status of women’s rights within the context of human rights is described in the ombudsmen’s annual reports. The analysis of the reports proves ambiguities of interpretations of human rights; it also shows that many of those filing complaints do it because of the violations of social and civil rights, and that the majority of those experiencing discrimination are women. However, in most of the cases the ombudspersons do not pay attention to the gender-specific dimensions of the discrimination nor have they identified this as an important problem in contemporary Russian society. This situation is connected with the absence of a legal or political mechanism for gender equality in Russia as well as a displacement of women’s rights issues in favor of a focus on family issues and demography in the Russian public discourse of the late 2000s.

From Separation to Displacement: The Problem of Women inSefer Hasidim

A gender analysis of some of the representations of women inSefer Hasidimand related texts finds that the German-Jewish pietiests of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries express a profound ambivalence toward women. WhileSefer Hasidimplaces great importance on happy marital relations, its authors also see potential adulteries at every turn. Moreover, in their mystical yearning to transcend the physical pleasures of the material world, they go beyond rabbinic norms in their displacement of women in favor of devotion to the divine. This essay suggests that situating this ambivalence, and the frequent objectification of women which results from it, within the larger context of medieval social history can expand and enhance our knowledge of Jewish social norms, family life, and spirituality in medieval Ashkenaz.

Displacement, Divisions, and Decisions: The Impact of Irrigation Technology on Women in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

ABSTRACT This paper examines the effects of technological change and the general commercialization of agriculture on women in one part of Indonesia. Data on labour allocation, the sexual division of labour, patterns of decision-making and cash earnings from an irrigated rice area are compared with a rainfed rice area. The evidence suggests that the completion of an irrigation project in the rainfed rice area will contribute to: greater divisions within the community; the relative displacement of women from agriculture; and changes in decision-making patterns associated with losses in women's autonomy and control over productive resources.